Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2
Questions And Answers 2022
1.Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?
a. To provide specific responses
... [Show More] toward antigens b. To lyse cell membranes of
microorganisms c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue d. To create immunity
against subsequent tissue injury - Answer- C. If the epithelial barrier is damaged,
then a highly efficient local and systemic response (inflammation) is mobilized to limit
the extent of damage, to protect against infection, and to initiate the repair of
damaged tissue. The response to a specific offending agent is the function of the
adaptive immune response. Lysosomes lyse cell membranes. Immunity against a
subsequent tissue injury occurs through the action of B cells and T cells.
2.What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? a.
Vasodilation of blood vessels b. Increased capillary permeability c. Endothelial cell
expansion d. Emigration of neutrophils - Answer- B. The increased flow and capillary
permeability result in a leakage of plasma from the vessels, causing swelling
(edema) in the surrounding tissue and is solely responsible for inflammation-induced
edema. Vasodilation (increased size of the blood vessels) causes slower blood
velocity and increases blood flow to the injured site. Endothelial cell contraction (not
expansion) leads to increased capillary permeability. Emigration of neutrophils to the
area of infection/injury leads to increased destruction of the offending agent.
3.What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site? a.
Complement b. Coagulation c. Kinin d. Fibrinolysis - Answer- B. The coagulation
(clotting) system is a group of plasma proteins that form a fibrinous meshwork at an
injured or inflamed site. This protein system (1) prevents the spread of infection to
adjacent tissues, (2) traps microorganisms and foreign bodies at the site of
inflammation for removal by infiltrating cells (e.g., neutrophils and macrophages), (3)
forms a clot that stops the bleeding, and (4) provides a framework for future repair
and healing.
4.Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms
for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages? a. Complement cascade b.
Coagulation system c. Kinin system d. Immune system - Answer- A. C3b (a
component of the complement cascade) adheres to the surface of a pathogenic
microorganism and serves as an efficient opsonin. Opsonins are molecules that tag
microorganisms for destruction by cells of the inflammatory system, primarily
neutrophils and macrophages.
5.What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells? a. Platelet
adhesion b. Initiation of the clotting cascade c. Vasodilation d. Increased endothelial
adhesiveness - Answer- C. Histamine, when released from mast cells, causes
vasodilation.
6.What is an outcome of the complement cascade? a. Activation of the clotting
cascade b. Prevention of the spread of infection to adjacent tissues c. Inactivation of
7.chemical mediators such as histamine d. Lysis of bacterial cell membranes -
Answer- D. The complement cascade can be activated by at least three different
means, and its products have four functions: (1) anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in
mast cell degranulation, (2) leukocyte chemotaxis, (3) opsonization, and (4) cell lysis.
8.What is the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade? a. To tag
pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages b. To
process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created
for acquired immunity c. To destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic
microorganisms d. To promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell
degranulation - Answer- A. Opsonins are molecules that tag microorganisms for
destruction by cells of the inflammatory system (opsonization), primarily neutrophils
and macrophages....... [Show Less]