- Contrast-induced nephropathy
- The onset of AKI w/in 48h after admin of contrast. Risk for this is highest in
pts who are older, dehydrated, have
... [Show More] pre-existing CKD, or have comorbidities
of DM, HF, or current hypotension
- Metformin
-
____________
should be d/c at least 24 hours before the time of a procedure
and for at least 48 hours after iodinated contrast media.
- Reactions
- When a CT scan w/ contrast is prescribed, report the pts Hx
of
____________
associated w/ the admin of contrast media to the
radiologist and HCP.
- Asthma
- pts w/ ___________ have been shown to be at greater risk
for contrast reactions than the general public. When reactions do occur,
they are more likely to be severe.
- Hay
- Contrast reactions have been reported to be high as in pts w/ ______ fever
or food or drug allergies, especially to seafood, eggs, milk, or chocolate.
- MRI
- The pt w/ a metal implant is not eligible for this test: Items include pins,
pacemaker, joint replacement, aneurysmal clips.
- Coag
- A
_________ panel is taken before a kidney biopsy d/t risk for bleeding.
- Bleeding
- HTN is aggressively managed before a kidney biopsy d/t this factor
increasing the risk for __________.
- Uremia
- D/t high bleeding risk, dialysis may be prescribed for ___________ before
a kidney biopsy.- 24
- For
____
hours after a kidney biopsy, the RN should monitor VS, dressing
site, urine output, and H&H.
- Slow
- Careful management of conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart
failure (HF) can ______ the onset and progression of CKD.
- Overload
- Extracellular volume
_________
can occur in CKD because the body loses
the capability to excrete sodium. The pt may have edema, pulmonary
crackles, shortness of breath, and pleural or pericardial effusion (w/
symptoms of a friction rub and/or decreased breath sounds or heart sounds).
- Hypernatremia
- In the later stages of CKD, kidney excretion of sodium is reduced as urine
production decreases. This leads to ______________ w/ only mild increases
in dietary sodium intake.
- Metabolic
-
_______________ complications from AKI include hyperkalemia,
hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperlipidemia, and
metabolic acidosis.
- Cardiopulmonary
-
_______________ complications from AKI include edema, HF, PE,
pericarditis, pericardial effusion, HTN, and MI.
- Neurologic
-
_______________ complications from AKI include neuromuscular
irritability or weakness, asterixis, seizures, and mental status changes.
- Immune/infectious
-
_______________ complications from AKI include pneumonia and sepsis.
- GI
-
_______________ complications from AKI include N/V, decreased
peristalsis, enteral nutrition intolerance, malnutrition, ulcer formation, and
bleeding.- Hematologic
-
_______________ complications from AKI include bleeding, thrombosis,
and anemia.
- Prerenal
-
_____________
causes of AKI include blood/fluid loss, BP meds, MI, heart
disease, infection, liver failure, ASA, NSAIDs, anaphylaxis, burns,
dehydration, renal artery stenosis, and atherosclerosis.
- Intrarenal
-
_____________
causes of AKI include blood clots in nearby veins/arteries,
cholesterol deposits, glomerulonephritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome,
pyelonephritis, lupus, ABX, chemo, contrast dye, scleroderma, and TTP.
- Postrenal
-
_____________
causes of AKI include bladder, colon, cervical, and prostate
cancers, enlarged prostate, kidney stones, nerve damage, and blood clots in
the urinary tract.
- 30
- Report a urine output of less than ____ mL/hr for 2 hours or dark amber
urine to the primary health care provider.
- Hour
- If a pt has a catheter, assess urine output every ______ after surgery until
stable, during fluid resuscitation for shock or hypotension, and when the
patient has a high risk for AKI following hospital admission
- Drinks
- Teach pts w/ kidney issues to avoid sugary, high-calorie ________; they
provide low-quality calories that contribute to weight gain and sugarinduced urination.
- Loop diuretics
- This class of drugs is used in the Tx of CKD. This class increases urine
output to manage volume overload when urinary elimination is still present.
They are not effective in managing ESKD. [Show Less]