BIOMECHANICS - principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body
PROXIMAL - CLOSER TO THE TRUNK
DISTAL - further
... [Show More] from the trunk
SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) - above, toward the head
INFERIOR (CAUDAL) - lower than, toward the feet
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) - toward the front
POSTERIOR (DORSAL) - toward the back
MEDIAL - closer to the midline
LATERAL - further from the midline
THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES - sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane
SAGITTAL PLANE - makes a division into right and left portions
FRONTAL PLANE - makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
TRANSVERSE PLANE - makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
ROTATION - movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline
CIRCUMDUCTION - a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
EVERSION - turning the sole of the foot away from the midline
INVERSION - turning the sole of the foot toward the midline
Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... - AXIAL SKELETON
VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) - serves as the main axial support for the body
4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column - cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve,
sacral curve
KYPHOSIS "primary curves" - curves of the thoracic and sacral regions
LORDOSIS "secondary curves" - curves of the cervical and lumbar region
Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane - hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis
HYPERKYPHOSIS - exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature
HYPERLORDOSIS - exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature
Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane - scoliosis
STERNUM - midline of the chest
What are the 3 parts of the sternum? - manubrium, body, xiphoid process
RF for family history - myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death to a 1st degree family member when >55 male, >65 female
RF for cigarette smoking - within 6 months
Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL - Lgreater than 130 mg/dL
RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol - greater than 200 mg/dL
RF Dyslipidemia low HDL - less than 40 mg/dL
RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months - less than 30 min/day, 3 days/week, for at least 3 months
RF Prediabetes fasting blood glucose - greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL up to 126
greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL - Fasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes diagnosis
RF for Obesity - body mass of greater then or equal to 30kg/m2; waist girthgreater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women
RF Age men, women - 45 men, 55 women
Negative Risk Factor - HDL greater than 60 mg/dL
RF for hypertensive - systolic greater than or equal to 140; diastolic greater then or equal to 90; confirmed by 2 separate occasions or on hypertension meds
obesity - excessivly high amounts of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass
overweight - increased body weight, in relation to height when compared to some standard of acceptable or desirable weight
percent fat - the total amount of weight that is measured as fat tissue
body mass index BMI - the height to weight ratio can be misleading because it does not consider body type
lean body mass - not fat tissue: muscle, bone, skin etc
anorexia nervosa - the disorder of self-induced starvation
bulimia nervosa - the psychologically addictive cycle of binging/purging
USRDA food pyramid - 1. fat, oils & sweets: use sparingly
2. milk, yogurt &cheese 2-3 servings;
3. meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, nuts, eggs: 2-3 servings;
4. fruits: 3-5 serv;
5. veggies: 3-5 serv.
6. bread, cereal, rice, & pasta: 6-11 serv
female athlete triad - amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorders; when left untreated they damage the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems
# of kilocalories in one gram - Carbo= 4; fats=9; protein=4; alcohol=7
guidelines for losing weight - 500-1000 cal daily to lose 1-2 lbs. per wk; same to increase
kilocalaries - equivalent to losing 1 lb of fat 3500cal
waist-hip ratio - Hips/Waist (ex. 45" waist and 36" hips... 36/45=.8)
ratios above .86 for women and .95 for men indicate abdominal adiposity
Heart Rate (HR) - total # of times the heart contracts in one minute, increases with work-rate during exercise
Stroke Volume - amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in one beat [Show Less]