ACS Chemistry Final general Chem 1 Review 63 Questions with Verified Answers
Density - CORRECT ANSWER mass / volume
Conversion from celsius to
... [Show More] kelvin - CORRECT ANSWER K = DegC + 273.15
Conversion from DegF to DegC - CORRECT ANSWER DegC = (5/9) (DegF - 32)
Conversion from DegC to DegF - CORRECT ANSWER DegF = (9/5)(DegC) + 32
Intensive properties - CORRECT ANSWER Independent of amount of matter examined
Extensive propertires - CORRECT ANSWER Dependent of amount of matter examined
Alcohol - CORRECT ANSWER compund in which an H atom of a hydrocarbon is replaced by an OH funxtional group (alcohols end in -ol)
Formula weight - CORRECT ANSWER sum of the atomic weights of each atom in its chemical formula
Percent composition - CORRECT ANSWER % element = (number of atoms of that element)(atomic weight of element) / formula weight of compound
Avogadro's number - CORRECT ANSWER 6.02x10^23
Molar mass - CORRECT ANSWER The molar mass (g/mol) of any substance is always numerically equal to its formula weight (in amu)
limiting reagent - CORRECT ANSWER the reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction
Percent yield - CORRECT ANSWER Percent yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x 100%
Actual yield = amount of product actually obtained in a reaction
electrolyte - CORRECT ANSWER A substance whose aqueous solutions contain ions
Strong electrolytes - CORRECT ANSWER solutes that exist in solution completely as ions
Solubility of compunds containing NO3-, CH3COO-, Cl-, Br-, I-, SO42- - CORRECT ANSWER Exceptions:
Cl-, Br- , I- : compounds of Ag+, (Hg2)2+, and Pb2+
SO4)2-: Compounds of Sr2+, Ba2+, Hg2)2+, and Pb2+
Insoluble ionic compounds: S2-, (CO3)2-, (PO4)3-, OH- - CORRECT ANSWER Insoluble in all except S2-, and OH-: compounds of NH4+, the alkali metal cations, and Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+
Insoluble in all except CO32-, PO43-: compounds of NH4+, and the alkali metal ions
Ionic substances are _____ - CORRECT ANSWER strong electrolytes
Molecular substances are _____ , and ____ - CORRECT ANSWER strong electlytes and weak acids and bases
Oxidation # rules - CORRECT ANSWER -Elemental form = 0
-montatomic ion equals its charge
-Oxygen= -2 except in peroxides ((O2)2-)
-hydrogen= +1 except when bonded to metals (-1)
-Flourine=-1 in all compounds.
Activity series - CORRECT ANSWER Any metal can be oxidized by the ions of elements below it
Dillution equation - CORRECT ANSWER M1V1 = M2V2
kinetic energy equation - CORRECT ANSWER Ek = 1/2 mv^2
work equation - CORRECT ANSWER w = F x d
internal energy equation - CORRECT ANSWER change in energy = internal final - internal initial
Internal energy relation to heat and work - CORRECT ANSWER change in E = q + w
state function - CORRECT ANSWER the value of a state function depends only on the present state of the system, not the path the system took to reach that state
pressure-volume work equation - CORRECT ANSWER w = -P (change in V)
Enthalpy - CORRECT ANSWER H = E + PV
Enthalpies of reaction - CORRECT ANSWER change in H = H (products) - H (reactants)
heat equation - CORRECT ANSWER q = Cs x m x change T
* Cs = q / m x change T
m = mass
Enthalpies of formation - CORRECT ANSWER change in Hrxn = sum of changeHf (products) - sum of change Hf (reactants)
Energy of photon - CORRECT ANSWER E = hv
h = plank's constant (6.626x10^-34)
v= frequency (
speed of light equation - CORRECT ANSWER c = lamda v
c = speed of light (3.00x10^8)
lamda = wavelenght
v= frequency
magnetic Quantum number - CORRECT ANSWER can have values between -l and l
Principal quantum number - CORRECT ANSWER can have values of 1 ,2,3 and so forth
Second quantum number - CORRECT ANSWER can have values from 0 to (n-1)
Nuclear charge trend - CORRECT ANSWER increases right to left and top to bottom
Radius ttrend - CORRECT ANSWER increases top to bottom , and left to right
ionization energy trend - CORRECT ANSWER -within each row of the table, I increases with icnreasing atomic number, Alkali metals have lowest ionization energy, noble gases have the highest
-Within each column, the ionization energy generally decreases with increasing atomic number
-Transition metals increase slowly left to right
General: increase left to right, bottom to top
Electron affinity - CORRECT ANSWER increases left to right, bottom to top
Electronegativity - CORRECT ANSWER increases left to right, bottom to top
Lattice energy - CORRECT ANSWER the energy required to completely separate a mole of a solid ionic compound into its gaseous state
*lattice energy increases as the charges in the ion increase and as their radii decrease
Covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER a chemical bond formed by sharing a pair of electrons
Formal charge - CORRECT ANSWER The charge the atom would have if all the atoms in the molecule had the same electronegativity.
(Valence electrons) - (bonding electrons +((1/2 x bonding electrons))
Electron domains and geometries - CORRECT ANSWER 2 : Linear , 180 angles
3: Trigonal planar, 120 angle
4: Tetrahedral, 109.5 angle
5. Trigonal bipyramidal 120 and 90 angle
6. Octahedral , 90 angle
Molecular geometry of 2 bonding , 0 nonbonding - CORRECT ANSWER Linear
Molecular geometry of 3 bonding , 0 nonbonding
and 2 bonding , 1 nonbonding - CORRECT ANSWER Trigonal planar, Bent
Molecular geometry of 4 bonding , 0 nonbonding
and 3 bonding , 1 nonbonding
and 2 bonding and 2 nonbonding - CORRECT ANSWER tetrahedral , trigonal pyramidal , bent
Molecular geometry of 5 bonding , 0 nonbonding ,
and 4 bonding , 1 nonbonding
and 3 bonding , 2 nonbonding
and 2 bonding, 3 nonbonding - CORRECT ANSWER Trigonal bipyramidal, seesaw , t-shaped, Linear
Molecular geometry of 6 bonding , 0 nonbonding domains
and 5 bonding , 1 nonbonding
and 4 bonding, 2 nonbonding - CORRECT ANSWER Octahedral, Square pyramidal, square planar
sigma bonds - CORRECT ANSWER 1 in each bond
pi bonds - CORRECT ANSWER 1 in double bond, 2 in triple bond and so on
equation for pressure - CORRECT ANSWER P = F / A
BOyle's law - CORRECT ANSWER volume pf a fixed quantity of gas maintained at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure
Avogadro's law - CORRECT ANSWER volume of gas maintained at constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas
Charle's law - CORRECT ANSWER the volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
Ideal-gas equation - CORRECT ANSWER PV = nRT
crystalline solid - CORRECT ANSWER in this solid, the atoms, ions, or molecules are ordered in well-defined three-dimensional arrangements
Ionic solids are typically ______ - CORRECT ANSWER insulators
Metallic solids are typically _______ conductors of electricity - CORRECT ANSWER good
Covalent-netwrok solids can be either _______ or _______ - CORRECT ANSWER semi-conductors or insulators
Bond order - CORRECT ANSWER # of bonding electrons - # of antibonding electrons / 2 [Show Less]