diverticulum can be an infection of
both gram - and + bacteria
Which diuretic should be used for osteoporosis?
Thiazide diuretics:
slows the
... [Show More] kidneys excretion of calcium and increases reabsorption
Lachman maneuver
knee instability
tear of ACL
Infections of labia and vagina
bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis
Chlamydia affects
cervix, endometrial lining, fallopian tubes, pelvic cavity
Acute abdomen symptoms
involuntary guarding, rebound tenderness, board-like abdomen, +obturator and psoas sign
Care of preecplampsia
bed rest, weight and blood pressure monitoring
Preeclampsia labs
urine protein, serum protein, creatinine, platelet count
Preeclampsia symptoms
hypertension, proteinuria, edema (weight gain)
Preeclampsia complications
placental abruption, coagulopathy (DIC), renal failure, uteroplacental insufficiency, liver failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, retinal detachment, pulmonary edema, seizure, death
community acquired pneumonia
Most common bacteria
least common bacteria
Population
treatment
mycolpasma pneumoniae (atypical)
h. influenza, strep pneumoniae
atypical: psuedomonas aeruginosa
college student, school children, military
macrolides: azithromycin, clarithromycin
Mantoux test
Positive: 5mm
Positive for recent immigrants: 10mm
Murphy's sign
biliary disorders
deep inspiration by patient and deep palpation RUQ below costovertebral angle
placenta previa
implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus
painless bright red blood in the second or third trimester
Order abdominal US
Hashimoto's is most common in which population
middle age to older women
Hypertension Retinopathy
AV nicking and copper or silver wire arterioles
flame-shaped hemorrhages
threatened abortion
vaginal bleeding and cramping, soft uterus, cervix closed
bacterial vaginosis
fishy odor, milky white or dull gray discharge
pH > 4.5
> 20% clue cells
KOH whiff test
squamous cells dotted with lots of bacteria that obscure borders
clue cells
Lichen sclerosis
skin disease, white spots appear over time, most common genital and rectal
most common in older woman
itching, discomfort, bleeding
order biopsy
AV valves
mitral and tricuspid
semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic
S1
systole
closure of AV valves
mitral regurgitation
aortic stenosis
S2
diastole
closure of semilunar valves
mitral stenosis
aortic regurgitation
S3
normal variant in children, healthy young adults, and athletes
heart failure
early diastole
S4
left ventricle hypertrophy
late diastole
Tanner Stages Males: II
no changes to penis, testes enlarge
Pubic hair is sparse and straight
Tanner Stages Males: III
penis lengthens
hair darker and starts to curl
Tanner Stages Males: IV
penis increases in length and width
hair coarse, not yet on medial thigh
Tanner Stages Females: II
breast buds
pubic hair sparse and straight
Tanner Stages Females: III
breast tissue and areola in one mound
hair darker, starts to curl
Tanner Stages Females: IV
areola separates and forms a secondary mound
hair coarse, not on medial thigh yet
TORCH infections
Toxoplasmosis
Other
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
osteoarthritis vs rheomatoid arthritis
OA: stiffness, heberden's nodes, increase age, overuse, family history
RA: relies more on labs, increased ESR, Bouchard's nodes, fatigue, fever, body aches
drawer test
instability of the knee
mediolateral and anteroposterior plane
torn or ruptured ligament
fundal height 12 weeks
just above pubic bone
fundal height 20 weeks
level of umbilicus
fundal height 20-35 weeks
number of weeks gestation +/- 2 cm
apraxia
loss of ability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of sensory or motor damage
ectopic pregnancy
amenorrhea, new onset of vaginal spotting, left adnexal tenderness, and cervical motion [Show Less]