Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Baud Rate>>> The maximum possible number of signal changes that can occur in a wire per second.
Bit Rate>>> The
... [Show More] number of bits that can be sent down a wire per second.
Integer>>> A whole number that can be positive, negative or zero.
Examples: -3, 0, 7, 2013588.
Natural (Number)>>> A whole number that is either positive or zero.
Examples: 0, 1, 2, 100, 67238.
Rational (Number)>>> Any number that can be represented as the fraction 'a/b' where 'a' and 'b' are both integers.
Examples: -0.2, 4/5, 1, 1/3.
Irrational (Number)>>> Any number that cannot be represented as a fraction.
Examples: square root of 2, PI.
Real (Number)>>> Any number that can either be rational or irrational.
Boolean>>> A value that is either true or false.
String>>> A series of characters.
Array>>> A variable that can store multiple values of the same data type.
Example: Storing the high-scores of a game as integers.
Record>>> A variable that can store multiple values that can have different data types.
Example: Storing data about a book; a string for the title, an integer for the number of pages, etc.
Variable>>> A metaphor for it is that is a box that can store a specific type of item (the data type) and has a name assigned to it (the identifier). Its value can be changed during run-time of the program.
Constant>>> A metaphor for it is that is a box that can store a specific type of item (the data type) and has a name assigned to it (the identifier). Its value cannot be changed during run-time of the program.
Subroutine>>> This can be broken down into procedures and functions.
Procedure>>> A block of code that performs a specific task that does not return a value. Parameters can be passed into it.
Function>>> A block of code that performs a specific task that returns a value. Parameters can be passed into it.
Selection>>> This is when an if statement or select case is used to, for example, check the value of a variable.
Iteration>>> This is when, within the program, there is a loop.
Definite Iteration>>> The number of times that the program will loop is already specified.
Example: For loop.
Indefinite Iteration>>> The number of times the program will loop is unknown.
Example: Do loop.
Nested (structures)>>> This is when either iterative or selective statements are put inside of each other.
Meaningful Identifiers>>> Subroutines, variables and objects should have sensible names.
Real Division>>> Finds the value (usually as a decimal) of one number divided by another.
Integer Division>>> Finds the integer part of one number divided by another.
Integer Remainder>>> Finds the remainder of one number divided by another.
Truncation>>> Chops the decimal part off a number.
Floor>>> Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
Ceiling>>> Rounds a number up to the nearest integer.
AND>>> Logical Operation:
Returns true only when both values are true.
OR>>> Logical Operation:
Returns true as long as at least one of the values are true.
XOR>>> Logical Operation:
Returns true only when exactly one of the two values is true and not both.
NOT>>> Logical Operation:
Returns true if the value is false and returns false if the value is true.
Exception Handling>>> When a try catch is used in the program to deal with any errors that may occur.
ByVal>>> When a variable is passed into a subroutine as a copy so its value will not be changed.
ByRef>>> When a variable is passed into a subroutine as a reference so its value can be changed.
Local (Variable)>>> A variable that is defined, for example, within a subroutine and cannot be viewed or modified from outside of the block of code is was declared in.
Global (Variable)>>> A variable that is declared, usually at the start of the program, and can be accessed and modified from anywhere at all in the program.
Recursion>>> A subroutine's definition contains a self-call meaning a function or procedure calls itself as a way of performing iteration.
Object-Oriented (Programming)>>> A type of programming paradigm when multiple objects are created and handled to run the program.
Example: In a game you might have an object for the player and then multiple objects for the enemies.
Procedural (Programming)>>> A type of programming paradigm when you break down a project, usually using a decomposition diagram, into individual tasks which can each be performed by a procedure.
Functional (Programming)>>> A type of programming paradigm that is mainly used for calculations. No variables are declared, only functions are used with parameters and return statements.
(Object) Instantiation>>> When an object is first created using the 'new' keyword.
(Object) Constructor>>> A procedure that is called once when an object is created, parameters can be passed into this procedure.
(Object) Destructor>>> A procedure that is called once when an object is destroyed, parameters cannot be passed into this procedure.
Methods>>> The subroutines that make up an object.
Attributes>>> Non-local variables that make up the object.
Public>>> The scope of a variable when it can be accessed from anywhere within the program or by any linked outside program.
Friend>>> The scope of a variable when it can be accessed from anywhere within the program but not from outside.
Private>>> The scope of a variable when it can only be accessed from within the block of code it was defined in.
Protected>>> The scope of a variable when it can only be accessed within the class it was defined in or by any classes that inherit it.
Encapsulation>>> The exposure of methods and attributes of an object while how they work is hidden. The user should only know how to use the object and not how it works.
Example: A vector object, the user should know how to use it to find the magnitude of a vector but not how the object actually finds the magnitude of a vector.
Inheritance>>> When one object inherits attributes and methods of another base object.
Example: You might have a base vehicle object with properties such as the number of wheels and a steering wheel and maybe methods such as drive(). You might make a specific type of vehicle that does these things above but a few extra that other vehicles don't, in this case this vehicle would inherit the base vehicle object.
Composition>>> When one object is made up of other objects by having them as its attributes. If the base object is destroyed, all the objects that make up the base object are also destroyed.
Aggregation>>> When one object is made up of other objects by having them as its attributes. If the base object is destroyed, the objects that make up the base object aren't always necessarily destroyed.
Polymorphism>>> When there are different subroutines with the same identifier that will perform different tasks based on their input. [Show Less]