Light-Year
is the distance light travels in one year; 1 light-year = 10,000,000,000,000 km or 10 trillion km
Apparent Magnitude
is a measure of
... [Show More] how bright an object appears from Earth
Brainpower
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Luminosity
also known as the absolute magnitude; it is the true brightness of an object
Nuclear Fusion
is a process that occurs when the nuclei of several atoms combine into one larger nucleus
Star
is a large ball of gas held together by gravity with a core so hot that nuclear fusion occurs
Convection Zone
where hot gas rises toward the surface and cooler gas sinks into the interior
Photosphere
is the apparent surface of a star
Chromosphere
is the orange-red layer above the Photosphere
Corona
is the wide, outermost layer of a star's atmosphere
How do stars produce and release energy?
Energy is produced in the star's core through nuclear fusion and travels outward in space
Protostar
a contracting mass of gas that represents an early stage in the formation of a star, before nucleosynthesis has begun
Main sequence
stars that are fusing hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores; the Sun is this type of star
Red Supergiant
a dying star in the last stages of its evolution
Supernova
a star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness because of a catastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass
What type of star will the Sun eventually become?
White Dwarf
How do planetary nebulae recycle matter?
It casts off expanding gas from a White Dwarf. These gases are recycled into the beginning of a new star.
How do stars form?
A cloud of dust and gases collapse under the force of gravity and create a Protostar. Pressure causes nuclear fusion to begin.
Galaxies
are huge collections of stars
Big Bang Theory
the universe began from one point billions of years ago and has been expanding ever since
Doppler Shift
the shift to a different wavelength
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
a graph that plots luminosity vs. temperature of stars
Black Hole
an object whose gravity is so great that no light can escape
Nebula
a cloud of gas and dust
Neutron Star
a dense core of neutrons that remains after a supernova
Where is the Sun located in the Milky Way galaxy?
the galaxy is like a pinwheel and the Sun is located near the edge of one of the pinwheel arms
atomic mass
the mass of an atom equal to the number of protons and neutrons
atomic number
the number of protons in the atoms of a particular element that is unique only to that element
chemical change
the reaction between substances that results in new substances with different properties
compound
a chemical substance made up of two or more kinds of atoms bonded together
electron shells
a collection of orbitals around the nucleus, each having its own energy level
electron
a subatomic particle that has no mass and a negative charge
mixture
a combination of two or mo [Show Less]