WGU D236 Pathophysiology Latest Update 2023
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - Correct answer-T cells produce
cytokines, which
... [Show More] stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - Correct answer-Mutations in
genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - Correct answer-Alterations
of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. -
Correct answer-(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - Correct answer-Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure maintained.
DKA - Correct answer-increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - Correct answer-retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - Correct answer-
Potassium
West Nile Virus - Correct answer-Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - Correct answer-Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - Correct answer-a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child
followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - Correct answer-
Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - Correct answer-arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - Correct answer-results from failure of neural tube to
close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - Correct answer-males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - Correct answer-ND-PAE, decreased brain
function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - Correct answer-Connective- RA, Scleroderma,
Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - Correct answer-Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and
butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - Correct answer-It is an autoimmune disorder where
antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over
the course of the day, along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - Correct answer-inflammation of the skin
eczema - Correct answer-noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by
redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - Correct answer-sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - Correct answer-superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue
infections caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - Correct answer-noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - Correct answer-uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders,
spreads
Osteoporosis - Correct answer-The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the
bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - Correct answer-disease marked by softening of the bone caused by
calcium and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin - Correct answer-red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - Correct answer-fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a
joint over another
Rickets - Correct answer-a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease - Correct answer-A condition in which an intervertebral disk
loses its normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated
injuries or aging
Paget disease - Correct answer-Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture - Correct answer-splintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer - Correct answer-1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma - Correct answer-Most common and least severe type of skin
cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules. Rarely metastasize, most
common on face due to sun exposure
squamous cell carcinoma - Correct answer-Type of skin cancer more serious than basal
cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red crusted papules or firm nodules.
Melanoma - Correct answer-The most serious form of skin cancer, caucasian males at
highest risk, usually black or brown lesion
consequences when integumentary system is disrupted - Correct answer-impaired
immunity
types of burns - Correct answer-Superficial (1st degree) - red/painful
Partial-thickness (2nd degree) -wet/pink/painful
Full-thickness (3rd degree) -white/swollen/no pain
Viltigo - Correct answer-localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white
patches
ischemic CVA vs hemorrhagic CVA - Correct answer-ischemic - clot vs hemorrhagic -
blood
subdural hematoma - Correct answer-collection of blood under the dura mater
Alzheimer's disease vs parkinson's disease - Correct answer-Alz - affects language and
memory
Park - affects all executive functioning
Huntington's disease - Correct answer-Genetic disorder that causes progressive deterioration of brain cells. caused by a dominant allele. symptoms do not appear until about the age of 30. involves involuntary muscle movement
Sclerosis - Correct answer-abnormal condition of hardening
disorders that cause vision loss - Correct answer-glaucoma - loss of pheripheral vision,
cataracts - cloudy vision, retinal detachment - floaters, flashes, curtain vision
kyphosis - Correct answer-excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching
of the back.
disorders that cause hearing loss - Correct answer-Meniere's disease - changes in fluid
in tube of inner ear (imbalance and vertigo), Otitis media - middle ear infection
Predisposing factors of ischemic stroke - Correct answer-a fib, carotid stenosis, cerebral
arteriosclerosis [Show Less]