1. Define energy balance. What would be the result of positive energy balance? Negative
energy balance? What does the body use for energy during a state
... [Show More] of negative energy
balance?
a. Energy balance: energy consumed is equal to energy expended
b. Positive energy balance: energy consumed is more that energy expended; stored of
excess energy as adipose tissue
c. Negative energy balance: energy expended is more than energy intake; use of stored
energy from glycogen, fat, and muscle
2. If Matt drank 2 beers (equal to 240 kcals) every day in addition to the kcals necessary
to maintain body weight, how much weight would he gain in two weeks? Hint: How
many Calories (kcals) are equivalent to one pound of adipose tissue (fat tissue)?
a. 3500 calories = one pound
b. 240x14=3360/3500=.96
3. What does a bomb calorimeter measure?
a. Direct measure of the heat released when a food is burned (its potential energy or heat
of combustion)
4. The heat generated in a bomb calorimeter for protein is 5.6 kcal/g, yet on a food label it
tells me that protein is 4 kcal/gram. Why are these values different?
a. Human body is not as efficient as the calorimetry
5. List the physiological fuel values for carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol?
a. Carbohydrate: 4
b. Protein: 4
c. Fat: 9
d. Alcohol: 7
6. You just ate 2 slices of a medium pizza for lunch. Here is the nutrient analysis: 21 g of
protein, 75 g of carbohydrates, 18 g of fat, and 4 g of fiber. How many kcals is in this
meal? Calculate the percent kcals coming from fat.
a. (4x21)+(75x4)+(18x9)= 546
b. 162/546=.2967
c. 30%
7. Briefly, what is the difference between hunger, satiation, satiety, and appetite? Does the
phrase “feeling fuller for longer” refer to satiety or satiation?
a. Hunger: hunger signals a physiological need for food
b. Appetite: influences the amount of food you consume and is affected by a multitude
of factors (sigh, aroma, emotions, routines, stress, illness, unfamiliarity of food)
c. Satiation: you stop eating after a meal because of satiation due to signals from your
stomach and hormone changes
d. Satiety: satiety occurs after a meal due to feelings of fullness and satisfaction,
resulting in you not eating for a while
8. Comment on the effects of nutrient composition of a meal on satiation and satiety.
Define low energy density. Explain the difference between dietary fat having a low
satiation in the stomach, verses fat producing satiety signals when in the small intestine
(hint: think about CCK)
a. High fiber foods and proteins are more satiating b/c they fill the stomach and slow
absorption
b. Fat has little satiation but produces strong satiety signals once entered in intesti [Show Less]