2024 WGU 370 Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
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Which disorder is considered
... [Show More] a primary immunodeficiency disease?
A. Radiation immunodeficiency.
B. HIV/AIDS.
C. Cancer immunodeficiency.
D. Malnutrition immunodeficiency. ---------- Correct Answer ---------- B. HIV/AIDS.
HIV/AIDS is a primary immunodeficiency disease involving destruction of T helper cells.
Malnutrition immunodeficiency is a secondary immunodeficiency disorder and leads to
T-cell destruction and dysfunction. Cancer immunodeficiency is a secondary
immunodeficiency disorder caused by the destruction of rapidly proliferating cells from
chemotherapeutic agents. Radiation immunodeficiency is a secondary
immunodeficiency disorder caused by the destruction of rapidly proliferating cells from
the effects of radiation.
Lack of α-antitrypsin in emphysema causes:
A. Pulmonary edema and increased alveolar compliance.
B. Chronic mucous secretion and airway fibrosis.
C. Destruction of alveolar tissue.
D. Bronchoconstriction and airway edema. ---------- Correct Answer ---------- C.
Destruction of alveolar tissue.
Lack of α1-antitrypsin in emphysema causes destruction of alveolar tissue, as it is a
protective enzyme that prohibits proteolytic breakdown of alveolar tissue. Lack of
alpha1-antitrypsin does not cause chronic mucous secretion and airway fibrosis,
pulmonary edema and increased alveolar compliance, or bronchoconstriction and
airway edema.
Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions,
because
a. massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation.
b. toxins released into the blood interfere with cardiac function.
c. anaphylaxis results in large volume losses secondary to sweating.
d. hypoxia resulting from bronchoconstriction impairs cardiac function. ---------- Correct
Answer ----------- a
The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a
new gene called ---------- Correct Answer ----------- bcr-abl
Primary treatment for MI is directed at:
A. Decreasing myocardial oxygen demands.
B. Reducing heart rate and BP.
C. Activating the parasympathetic system.
D. Protecting the heart from further ischemia. ---------- Correct Answer ---------- A.
Decreasing myocardial oxygen demands.
Reducing oxygen demand may be effective in preserving myocardial muscle.
Decreasing demand increases myocardial oxygen supply. Once the cardiac muscle has
been damaged, it is more important to preserve remaining muscle and prevent further
loss of the myocardium. Reduction in the heart rate and blood pressure is not the
primary treatment goal in MI care. Parasympathetic activation is not the primary
treatment for myocardial infarction.
Your patient eats "lots of fat," leads a "stressful" life, and has smoked "about two packs
a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was
diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung
cancer in this patient is:
A. Urban pollutants.
B. Stressful lifestyle.
C. Cigarette smoking.
D. High-fat diet. ---------- Correct Answer ---------- C. Cigarette smoking.
The most likely contributing factor for the development of lung cancer is cigarette
smoking. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of compounds, many of which have known
genotoxicity and probably serve as initiators. Tobacco smoke also contains promoters,
which spur the mutant cells to proliferate. Although a high-fat diet, urban pollutants, and
a stressful lifestyle have been implicated in some types of cancer, they are not the likely
contributing factor in your patient's lung cancer.
Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma
are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord.
T/F? ---------- Correct Answer ---------- True.
A patient with significant aortic atenosis is likely to experience:
A. Peripheral edema.
B. Increased pulse pressure.
C. Syncope.
D. Hypertension. ---------- Correct Answer ---------- C. Syncope.
In the patient with aortic stenosis, syncope and "greying out" episodes may occur when
cerebral perfusion is inadequate. Low systolic blood pressure is a common sign of aortic
stenosis. Faint pulses are a common sign of aortic stenosis. Peripheral edema is not
associated with aortic stenosis.
Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with:
A. Chest pain and ST elevation.
B. Acute onset of biventricular failure.
C. Murmur and abnormal valves on echocardiogram.
D. Family history of cardiomyopathy. ---------- Correct Answer ---------- B. Acute onset of
LV dysfunction.
Acute myocarditis is commonly characterized by left ventricular dysfunction or general
dilation of all four heart chambers. Chest pain and ST elevation is indicative of
myocardial infarction. Myocarditis is associated with viral infections. Dilated
cardiomyopathy runs in families and has a genetic basis.
What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?
A. Insuffiecient ADH secretion.
B. Excess aldosterone secretion.
C. Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water.
D. Administration of IV normal saline. ---------- Correct Answer ---------- C. Frequent
nasogastric tube irrigation with water.
Sodium is lost from gastric secretions when nasogastric tubes are irrigated with wat [Show Less]