2024 ATI RN Adult Medical Surgical Questions and 100%
Correct Answers And Explanations
1. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is
... [Show More] prescribed oxygen therapy. Which of
the following oxygen delivery systems is most appropriate for this patient?
A. Nasal cannula
B. Venturi mask
C. Non-rebreather mask
D. Simple face mask
Answer: B. Venturi mask
Explanation: A Venturi mask is the most appropriate for COPD patients as it delivers a precise oxygen
concentration and allows for controlled oxygen delivery without the risk of worsening respiratory
acidosis.
2. The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. Which assessment finding indicates fluid overload?
A. Decreased heart rate
B. Crackles in the lungs
C. Hypotension
D. Increased urinary output
Answer: B. Crackles in the lungs
Explanation: Crackles in the lungs indicate fluid accumulation, which is a sign of fluid overload
commonly seen in patients with heart failure.
3. A patient with diabetes is scheduled for surgery. The nurse is aware that the patient's risk for
infection is increased due to:
A. Elevated blood glucose levels
B. Decreased blood pressure
C. High white blood cell count
D. Low hemoglobin levels
Answer: A. Elevated blood glucose levels
Explanation: Elevated blood glucose levels impair immune function, increasing the risk of infection in
patients with diabetes.
4. The nurse is caring for a patient with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which intervention is essential for
preventing complications?
A. Encouraging ambulation
B. Applying cold compresses
C. Administering aspirin
D. Elevating the affected leg
Answer: A. Encouraging ambulation
Explanation: Ambulation helps prevent stasis and promotes circulation, reducing the risk of
complications such as pulmonary embolism in patients with DVT.
5. A patient is receiving heparin therapy for a pulmonary embolism. The nurse should monitor the
patient's:
A. Prothrombin time (PT)
B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
C. Platelet count
D. International normalized ratio (INR)
Answer: B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
Explanation: Heparin therapy is monitored using the aPTT to assess its anticoagulant effect and adjust
dosage accordingly to prevent bleeding or clotting complications.
6. A patient with acute pancreatitis is experiencing severe abdominal pain. Which position should the
nurse instruct the patient to assume for comfort?
A. Supine with knees flexed
B. Left lateral decubitus
C. Prone with arms extended
D. Trendelenburg
Answer: A. Supine with knees flexed
Explanation: The supine position with knees flexed can help relieve abdominal discomfort by reducing
tension on the abdominal muscles.
7. The nurse is assessing a patient with suspected appendicitis. Which assessment finding indicates a
possible perforation? [Show Less]