MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is developing a human needs statement for a patient who has a new diagnosis of heart failure. Identification of human needs... [Show More] statements occur with which of these activities?
a. Collection of patient data
b. Administering interventions
c. Deciding on patient outcomes
d. Documenting the patient’s behavior
ANS: A
Identification of human needs occurs with the collection of patient data.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) TOP: Nursing Process: Human Needs Statement
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
2. The patient is to receive oral guaifenesin (Mucinex) twice a day. Today, the nurse was busy and gave the medication 2 hours after the scheduled dose was due. What type of problem does this represent?
a. “Right time”
b. “Right dose”
c. “Right route”
d. “Right medication”
ANS: A
“Right time” is correct because the medication was given more than 30 minutes after the scheduled dose was due. “Dose” is incorrect because the dose is not related to the time the medication administration is scheduled. “Route” is incorrect because the route is not affected. “Medication” is incorrect because the medication ordered will not change.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
3. The nurse has been monitoring the patient’s progress on a new drug regimen since the first dose and documenting the patient’s therapeutic response to the medication. Which phase of the nursing process do these actions illustrate?
a. Human needs statement
b. Planning
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation
ANS: D
Monitoring the patient’s progress, including the patient’s response to the medication, is part of the evaluation phase. Planning, implementation, and human needs statement are not illustrated by this example.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
4. The nurse is assigned to a patient who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which statement best illustrates an outcome criterion for this patient?
a. The patient will follow instructions.
b. The patient will not experience complications.
c. The patient will adhere to the new insulin treatment regimen.
d. The patient will demonstrate correct blood glucose testing technique.
ANS: D
“Demonstrating correct blood glucose testing technique” is a specific and measurable outcome criterion. “Following instructions” and “not experiencing complications” are not specific criteria. “Adhering to new regimen” would be difficult to measure.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
5. Which activity best reflects the implementation phase of the nursing process for the patient who is newly diagnosed with hypertension?
a. Providing education on keeping a journal of blood pressure readings
b. Setting goals and outcome criteria with the patient’s input
c. Recording a drug history regarding over-the-counter medications used at home
d. Formulating human needs statements regarding insufficient knowledge related to the new treatment regimen
ANS: A
Education is an intervention that occurs during the implementation phase. Setting goals and outcomes reflects the planning phase. Recording a drug history reflects the assessment phase. Formulating human needs statements reflects analysis of data as part of planning.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
6. The medication order reads, “Give ondansetron (Zofran) 4 mg, 30 minutes before beginning chemotherapy to prevent nausea.” The nurse notes that the route is missing from the order. What is the nurse’s best action?
a. Give the medication intravenously because the patient might vomit.
b. Give the medication orally because the tablets are available in 4-mg doses.
c. Contact the prescriber to clarify the route of the medication ordered.
d. Hold the medication until the prescriber returns to make rounds.
ANS: C
A complete medication order includes the route of administration. If a medication order does not include the route, the nurse must ask the prescriber to clarify it. The intravenous and oral routes are not interchangeable. Holding the medication until the prescriber returns would mean that the patient would not receive a needed medication.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
7. When the nurse considers the timing of a drug dose, which factor is appropriate to consider when deciding when to give a drug?
a. The patient’s ability to swallow
b. The patient’s height
c. The patient’s last meal
d. The patient’s allergies
ANS: C
The nurse must consider specific pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic drug properties that may be affected by the timing of the last meal. The patient’s ability to swallow, height, and allergies are not factors to consider regarding the timing of the drug’s administration.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
8. The nurse is performing an assessment of a newly admitted patient. Which is an example of subjective data?
a. Blood pressure 158/96 mm Hg
b. Weight 255 pounds
c. The patient reports that he uses the herbal product ginkgo.
d. The patient’s complete blood count results.
ANS: C
Subjective data include information shared through the spoken word by any reliable source, such as the patient. Objective data may be defined as any information gathered through the senses or that which is seen, heard, felt, or smelled. A patient’s blood pressure, weight, and laboratory tests are all examples of objective data.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. When giving medications, the nurse will follow the rights of medication administration. The rights include the right documentation, the right reason, the right response, and the patient’s right to refuse. Which of these are additional rights? (Select all that apply.)
a. Right drug
b. Right route
c. Right dose
d. Right diagnosis
e. Right time
f. Right patient
ANS: A, B, C, E, F
Additional rights of medication administration must always include the right drug, right dose, right time, right route, and right patient. The right diagnosis is incorrect.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
2. Place the phases of the nursing process in the correct order, with 1 as the first phase and 5 as the last phase. (Select all that apply.)
a. Planning
b. Evaluation
c. Assessment
d. Implementation
e. Human needs statement
ANS: A, B, C, D, E
The nursing process is an ongoing process that begins with assessing and continues with human needs statement, planning, implementing, and evaluating.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) TOP: Nursing Process: General
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Chapter 02: Pharmacologic Principles
Lilley: Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The patient is receiving two different drugs. At current dosages and dosage forms, both drugs have the same concentration of the active ingredient. Which term is used to identify this principle?
a. Bioequivalent
b. Synergistic
c. Prodrugs
d. Steady state
ANS: A
Two drugs absorbed into the circulation in the same amount (in specific dosage forms) have the same bioavailability; thus, they are bioequivalent. A drug’s steady state is the physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed from each dose. The term synergistic refers to two drugs, given together, with a resulting effect that is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug given alone. A prodrug is an inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
2. When given an intravenous medication, the patient says to the nurse, “I usually take pills. Why does this medication have to be given in the arm?” What is the nurse’s best answer?
a. “The medication will cause fewer adverse effects when given intravenously.”
b. “The intravenous medication will have delayed absorption into the body’s tissues.”
c. “The action of the medication will begin sooner when given intravenously.”
d. “There is a lower chance of allergic reactions when drugs are given intravenously.”
ANS: C
An intravenous (IV) injection provides the fastest route of absorption. The IV route does not affect the number of adverse effects, nor does it cause delayed tissue absorption (it results in faster absorption). The IV route does not affect the number of allergic reactions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
3. The nurse is administering parenteral drugs. Which statement is true regarding parenteral drugs?
a. Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect.
b. Absorption of parenteral drugs is affected by reduced blood flow to the stomach.
c. Absorption of parenteral drugs is faster when the stomach is empty.
d. Parenteral drugs exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream.
ANS: A
Drugs given by the parenteral route bypass the first-pass effect. Reduced blood flow to the stomach and the presence of food in the stomach apply to enteral drugs (taken orally), not to parenteral drugs. Parenteral drugs must be absorbed into cells and tissues from the circulation before they can exert their effects; they do not exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) TOP: Nursing Process: General
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
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