A group of nursing students conducts a small research project examining the most effective means to deliver medication education to older adults. Their sam... [Show More] ple consists of 100 adults from ages 55 to 101 who live in the same community. The students conclude that individuals from ages 55 to 64 prefer computerized instructions, and individuals from ages 65 to 100+ prefer typewritten instructions. What is a potential problem with this study?
A. The sample size of 100 is too small to draw any conclusions
B. The older adults ranging from 65 to 100+ were grouped into one category
C. It has been proven that older adults are not computer literate
D. The study design is not a randomized, controlled trial
B
Combining all older adults into one category is not accurate, because the age range is large and the "group" may not share many similarities. One would not consider combining 13-year-olds and 3-year-olds in the same group; this is a similar situation. A sample size of 100 may be adequate, but it is not possible to draw the conclusion that it is not based on the very limited information. The study did not concern computer literacy. A randomized, controlled trial is not possible or necessary for every study.
Which of the following statements is true about cohort effect?
A. Birth cohort is important in understanding how one experiences a world event
B. Each individual within a cohort experiences events in a similar manner
C. Cohort effect would likely cause brothers to share the same expectation for treatment
D. All generations share a similar perspective on life events
A
Groups of people born within the same decade may share a common historical context. This is important in understanding how one experiences a world event. Although cohort effect is important in understanding historical context, it does not negate individuality. Not all individuals are the same. Different groups of people may have a different world perspective based on experiences of major world events
The nurse working in a clinic setting provides care to an ethically diverse population of older adult clients. During the assessment process, which nursing actions show that the nurse understands the LEARN model? (Select all that apply)
A. Recognizes that the client's hands are clenched as she answers the assessment questions
B. Asks the client to describe what he thinks will help him feel better
C. Explains to the client that herbal remedies may not be sufficient treatment for his chest congestion
D. Acknowledges that the client has a different view of the appropriate treatment
E. Suggests to the client that it would be beneficial if she would trust her health care provider to prescribe the correct treatment
A B, C, D
The LEARN model implements active listening to both the client's verbal and non-verbal communication as a means of obtaining insight into the client's perspective of his or her medical problem. This model also encourages the nurse to recognize that the perceptions may differ and to explain the differences in perceptions to the client. The model advocates arriving at a mutually agreed upon treatment plan rather than encouraging the client to surrender personal autonomy in the decision-making.
According to Erikson's developmental stages, the task for later life is referred to as which of the following?
A. Ego maturation vs stagnation
B. Ego transcendence vs ego preoccupation
C. Generativity
D. Ego integrity
D
Erikson's last developmental stage is ego integrity. Ego maturation vs. stagnation is not one of Erikson's stages. Ego transcendence vs. ego preoccupation is not one Erikson's stages; it is one of Peck's developmental stages. Peck expanded on the work of Erikson. Generativity is Erikson's developmental stage for middle age.
Serious and well controlled research studies on aging have been available
A. Only in the past 50 years
B. Since the turn of the 20th century
C. Following the great depression
D. Since the year 2000
A
Only in the past 50 years have serious and carefully controlled research studies flourished. Before that, anecdotal evidence was used to illustrate issues assumed to be universal, making all the remaining options incorrect.
An older adult client shares with the nurse, "I don't know what it is but as I am getting older, it seems that I need more light for reading or even watching television." Which of the following statements best explains the reason for this client's statement?
A. There is a slower ability of the pupil to adjust to changes in lighting
B. The Marcus seniles has an impact on visual acuity
C. There is flattening and thinning of the cornea
D. Retinal changes begin to occur with aging
A
A slowed ability of the pupil to accommodate to changes in light accounts for the need of this patient to have more light in order to read. Arcus senilis does not affect vision. It is true that the cornea becomes flatter and thinner with aging, which results in astigmatism. Astigmatism does not account for the need for increased light that this patient is reporting. The changes in the retina do not account for the need for increased light that this patient is reporting
When caring for an ill older adult client, why is the nurse concerned about the client's ability to communicate well?
A. Assessment, planning of care, and even the therapeutic relationship is based on effective communication
B. Communication is the social connection that all individuals base interpersonal relationships upon
C. How well an individual communicates is a reflection on both their physical and emotional well-being
D. The need to communicate is a basic need of all individuals
A
In order for the nurse to provide effective care that meets the individual needs of a client, it is important the client is able to appropriate communicate those needs [Show Less]
