NUR 239 EXAM 2 - 4 BUNDLE $33.45 Add To Cart
3 Items
NUR 239 Exam 2 - Questions with Verified Answers A hospital client was swabbed on admission for antibiotic-resistant organisms and has just been informed... [Show More] that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is present in his groin. The client has a normal core temperature and white blood cell count. This client is experiencing Colonization Which most accurately describes the characteristics of saprophytes? The Derive energy from decaying organic matter Which of the following are accurate characteristics of prions? Select all that apply. Disease usually progresses slowly. The primary manifestation includes ataxia and dementia. Prions tend to aggregate into amyloid-like plaques in the brain. Although both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are capable of causing infectious diseases in humans, eukaryotes are unique because they have a/an: Organized nucleus Some viruses have the ability to transform host cells into cancer cells. For which of the following viruses should the client be assessed regularly for the potential development of cancer? Select all that apply. Hepatitis B Human papillomavirus Although growth rate is variable among types of bacteria, the growth of bacteria is dependent on: Availability of nutrients Which of the following outpatients are at a greater risk for developing Treponema pallidum, the cause of syphilis? Select all that apply. A homeless adolescent female performing oral sex for money A male who frequents clubs catering to exotic dancers and sexual favors An older adult female living in a condominium who regularly has sex with three to four different men/week Chlamydiaceae have characteristics of both viruses and bacteria and are a rather common sexually transmitted infectious organism. After entry into the host, they transform into a reticulate body. The health care provider should monitor which of the following clients for this possible infection? Select all that apply. An adult male who raises a number of exotic birds in his home A drug abuser looking to share needles/syringes A newborn with a noticeable eye infection A client has been diagnosed with Coxiella burnetii infection. She asked the health care provider how she could have gotten this disease. The health care provider's best response is: "Drinking contaminated milk." A teenage male develops a severe case of "athlete's foot." He asks, "How did I get this?" The health care worker explains that certain fungi become infectious (called dermatophytes) and exhibit which of the following characteristics? Limited to cooler cutaneous surfaces Which of the following individuals is experiencing a health problem that is the result of a parasite? A man who acquired malaria while on a tropical vacation When skin is broken, germs can enter. Transmission of infectious agents is directly related to the: Number of pathogens absorbed A 33-year-old client who is a long-term intravenous user of heroin has been recently diagnosed with hepatitis C. Which of the following portals of entry most likely led to the client's infection? Penetration A public health nurse notes an increase in regional throat cancer cases. Upon epidemiological studies, many of the throat cancer clients also had oral exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV). This exposure to HPV would be considered by: Direct contact with infected secretions Which of the following would be considered an example of transmitting an infection from person-to-person through shared inanimate objects (fomites)? HIV from a contaminated IV drug user needle Although bacterial toxins vary in their activity and effects on host cells, a small amount of gram-negative bacteria endotoxin: In the cell wall activates inflammation A 9-month-old infant has been diagnosed with botulism after he was fed honey. The child's mother was prompted to seek care because of this child's sudden onset of neuromuscular deficits, which were later attributed to the release of substances by Clostridium botulinum. Which virulence factor contributed to this child's illness? Exotoxins While explaining evasive factors by microbes to evade various components of the host's immune system, the instructor uses which of the following examples? H. Pylori being able to survive in an acidic environment A client with a long-standing diagnosis of Crohn disease has developed a perianal abscess. Which of the following treatments will this client most likely require? Surgical draining In the usual course (stages) after a pathogen has entered the host body, the stage when the host initially develops the appearance of signs/ symptoms like a mild fever and body aches is: Prodromal A premature neonate in the ICU suspected of having an infection has blood drawn for class specific antibodies. Which of the following confirms that the neonate has developed a congenital infection? IgM antibodies are elevated. A client's primary care provider has ordered direct antigen detection in the care of a client with a serious symptomatology of unknown origin. Which of the following processes will be conducted? Introduction of monoclonal antibodies to a blood sample from the client A client has begun taking acyclovir, an antiviral medication, to control herpes simplex outbreaks. What is this drug's mechanism of action? Interference with viral replication processes A client with cancer has been receiving amphotericin B intravenously. The client asks, "How will this help with my fungal disease?" The health care provider responds: "This drug binds to ergosterol and forms holes in the cell membrane, killing the fungus." Which of the following is an example of how international travel has contributed to increased prevalence and incidence of nonindigenous diseases? Outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome related to contaminated salad being shipped to various regions A female patient has been treated for strep throat with ampicillin by mouth. She visits the occupational health nurse and states she has vaginal itching. What organism is the cause of the vaginal itching? Candida albicans An elderly patient is treated for pneumonia with clindamycin (Cleocin). One week after the completion of the medication, she develops diarrhea. What is the most probable cause of the diarrhea? Change in normal flora A patient with burns has developed a wound infection. This patient is experiencing what type of wound infection? Opportunistic infection An elderly man who is a resident of a skilled nursing facility develops methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. What type of infection has this man developed? Nosocomial infection A nurse is instructing a patient on the antibiotic regimen for the treatment of pneumonia. Which of the following is most important to teach the patient? Complete the entire prescription of medication. A patient is to be started on an antibiotic. Which of the following is most important to take into consideration before beginning the antibiotic regimen? Culture and sensitivity A patient has presented to the emergency department after suffering a severe laceration to his hand in a workplace accident. During the subsequent process of acute inflammation, what physiological event took place first? The patient's blood vessels constricted. A 12-year-old boy was bitten by a dog, and inflammation took place at the site of the injury. During the process of opsonization, what physiological event occurred? Antigens were coated, marking them for phagocytosis. An adult patient with an autoimmune disorder regularly takes oral corticosteroids. The nurse knows that corticosteroids can be used in the successful treatment of inflammation but that they also create a risk for Infection The family members of a geriatric patient are angered that she has been colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus during her stay in the hospital. The nurse should explain what characteristic of colonization to the members of the family? The bacteria are present but are not causing infection. Mr. Garcia has been taking antibiotics at home for the treatment of a respiratory infection for the past 6 days, and there is no evident improvement in his infection. Which of the following nursing assessments is most appropriate? Assess Mr. Garcia's adherence to his medication regimen. An adult female patient has been living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for several years but has recently been admitted to the hospital after being diagnosed with herpes simplex. How would this patient's herpes infection most likely be characterized? Opportunistic infection A group of nursing students are learning about the factors that underlie recent increases in the incidence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. What factor is known to contribute to antibiotic resistance? Overuse of antibiotics A 4-month-old baby has been brought to the emergency department by her parents, and initial assessment is highly suggestive of bacterial meningitis. Consequently, the baby has been admitted, and empiric antibiotic therapy has been ordered. The nurse should understand what characteristic of this infant's current treatment plan? Culture and sensitivity results of the infant's cerebrospinal fluid are still pending. A patient with an infection has not responded appreciably to antibiotic therapy, and the nurse suspects antibiotic resistance. What phenomenon is known to contribute to acquired antibiotic resistance? The strongest microorganisms survive antibiotic treatment while the weakest are eradicated. When participating in the care of a patient who is being treated with antimicrobials, the nurse can promote the appropriate use of these medications in which of the following ways? Encouraging the use of narrow-spectrum, rather than broad-spectrum, antibiotics A critically ill patient has developed a fever of 38.9°C, and blood cultures have been drawn and sent to the laboratory for culture and sensitivity testing. Determination of the culture will tell the care team the exact identity of the infectious microorganism. A medical nurse on a night shift is reviewing a patient's medication administration record for the following day. The nurse notes that a combination antimicrobial drug is ordered. What is implied by the fact that the patient has been ordered a combination drug? The patient may have an infection caused by multiple microorganisms. A hospital nurse is aware that nosocomial infections pose a significant threat to many patients' health status. In order to reduce the spread of nosocomial infections, the nurse should prioritize which of the following actions? Vigilant and thorough hand hygiene An 81-year-old female patient has been admitted to the hospital after a urinary tract infection developed into urosepsis. What assessments should the nurse prioritize when monitoring the course of this patient's infection? Select all that apply. White blood cell count Temperature [Show Less]
NUR 239 Exam 3 - Questions with Verified Answers Upon admission assessment, the nurse hears a murmur located at the fifth intercostal space, midclavicula... [Show More] r line. The client asks, "What does that mean?" The nurse will base her answer on which of the following physiologic principles? "You have a heart valve that is diseased." A client is diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm that the physician just wants to "watch" for now. When teaching the client about signs/symptoms to watch for, the nurse will base the teaching on which of the following physiological principles? As the aneurysm grows, more tension is placed on the vessel wall, which increases the risk for rupture. A client has entered hypovolemic shock after massive blood loss in a car accident. Many of the client's peripheral blood vessels have consequently collapsed. How does the Laplace law account for this pathophysiologic phenomenon? Blood pressure is no longer able to overcome vessel wall tension. Which of the following statements about vascular compliance is accurate? Veins can act as a reservoir for storing large quantities of blood. In the days following a tooth cleaning and root canal, a client has developed an infection of the thin, three-layered membrane that lines the heart and covers the valves. What is this client's most likely diagnosis? Endocarditis Following several weeks of increasing fatigue and a subsequent diagnostic workup, a client has been diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. Failure of this heart valve would have which of the following consequences? Backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium Heart muscle differs from skeletal muscle tissue by being able to generate: Action potentials When discussing the AV node's role in the electrical conduction of the heart with a client newly diagnosed with an AV block, which of the following statements are accurate? Select all that apply. A block at the AV bundle of His interferes with the normal delay of the impulse, thereby interfering with complete ejection of blood from the atria prior to ventricular contraction. When there is an AV block, impulses from the atria and ventricles beat independently of each other so, the heart rhythm is usually chaotic and not regular. If the parasympathetic neurotransmitter releases acetylcholine, the nurse should anticipate observing what changes in the ECG pattern? Slowing of heart rate to below 60 beats/minute When explaining a new diagnosis of complete heart block to a client/family, the nurse should include which of the following statements? "One consequence of this type of block is a very slow heart rate that limits circulation to the brain." A male client with a history of angina has presented to the emergency department with uncharacteristic chest pain, and his subsequent ECG reveals T-wave elevation. This finding suggests an abnormality with which of the following aspects of the cardiac cycle? Ventricular repolarization During ventricular systole, closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves coincides with: Isovolumetric contraction A heart failure client has an echocardiogram performed revealing an ejection fraction (EF) of 40%. The nurse knows this EF is below normal and explains to the client: "This means your heart is not pumping as much blood out of the heart with each beat." A client with a history of heart failure has been referred for an echocardiogram. Results of this diagnostic test reveal the following findings: heart rate 80 beats/minute; end-diastolic volume 120 mL; and end-systolic volume 60 mL. What is this client's ejection fraction? 50% Preload represents the volume work of the heart and is largely determined by: Venous blood return A client with a diagnosis of secondary hypertension has begun to experience signs and symptoms that are consistent with decreased cardiac output. Which of the following determinants of cardiac output is hypertension most likely to affect directly? Afterload Hypoxia is said to have a negative inotropic effect on the heart, which means: There will be interference in the generation of ATP, which is needed for muscle contraction. A large increase in heart rate can cause: Decreased stroke volume Which of the following statements about calcium channel-blocking (CCB) drugs is accurate? CCB drugs work on β-adrenergic receptors to close the channels, so vasodilation occurs. Following a hypertensive crisis, a client's family asks, "Why are the client's eyes so bloodshot?" The nurse responds that high arterial pressure: Damages more fragile blood vessels like those in the eyes to the point of rupture A client who lives with angina pectoris has taken a sublingual dose of nitroglycerin to treat the chest pain he experiences while mowing his lawn. This drug facilitates release of nitric oxide, which will have what physiologic effect? Smooth muscle relaxation of vessels Following a kitchen accident with a knife, the client's cut has experienced a decrease in the amount of bleeding and has developed a clot. The nurse knows this is primarily a result of humoral control of blood flow with the release of: Serotonin A client has had a myocardial infarction (MI) that damaged the right atrium, which has interfered with the SA node. The compensatory mechanism, the AV node, becomes the pacemaker of the heart and beats how many times/minute? 45 to 50 beats/minute A client asks why he has not had major heart damage since his cardiac catheterization revealed he has 98% blockage of the right coronary artery. The nurse's best response is: "You have small channels between some of your arteries, so you can get blood from a patent artery to one severely blocked." The parasympathetic nervous system causes a slowing of the heart rate by increasing: Cardioinhibitory center A client asks, "Why do I have clogged arteries but my neighbor has higher 'bad cholesterol' levels and yet he is just fine?" The health care provider bases the reply on which of the following physiological principles about lipoprotein? "You more than likely have small, dense type of 'bad cholesterol' (LDL)." Which of the following would be considered a major cause of secondary hyperlipoproteinemia since it increases the production of VLDL and conversion to LDL? High-calorie diet Which elevated serum marker for systemic inflammation is now considered a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and vascular disease? C-reactive protein The most important complication of atherosclerosis that may cause occlusion of small heart vessels is: Thrombosis In addition to direct invasion of the vascular wall by an infectious agent, this pathogenic mechanism is a common cause of vasculitis? Immune-mediated inflammation Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease is symptomatic with at least 50% occlusion. The primary peripheral symptom, due to ischemia, is: Calf pain A client with a history of disabling claudication now is in the emergency department with a lower limb that is turning dark purple to black associated with faint Doppler pedal pulses. The client will more than likely undergo: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement A health care provider was asked by a client, "Why do my hands turn blue when I drive my car in the winter without gloves?" Which of the following is the best response? "Your arteries in your hands/fingers are going into spasm, which decreases blood flow and circulating oxygen." Because of its location, the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm may first be manifested as: A pulsating mass While lecturing on blood pressure, the nurse will emphasize that the body maintains its blood pressure by adjusting the cardiac output to compensate for changes in which of the following physiologic processes? Peripheral vascular resistance A client asks why his blood pressure pills seem to make him go to the bathroom to urinate frequently when they are not water pills (diuretics). Which of the following physiologic processes explains the long-term regulation of blood pressure most accurately? Renal monitoring and adjustment of extracellular fluid volume A client consistently has an elevated systolic BP greater than 150 mm Hg but a diastolic pressure in the 80s. The health care provider should be assessing for which of the following complications? Crackles in bilateral lung bases caused by left-sided heart failure Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor for the development of primary hypertension? African American raceA 52-year-old man who is moderately obese has recently been diagnosed with hypertension by his primary care provider. Which of the client's following statements indicates a need for further health promotion teaching? "I'm resolving to eat organic foods from now on and to drink a lot more water." A client with a diagnosis of chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes has seen a gradual increase in her blood pressure over the past several months, culminating in a diagnosis of secondary hypertension. Which of the following has most likely resulted in the client's increased blood pressure? Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism A client with persistent, primary hypertension remains apathetic about his high blood pressure, stating "I don't feel sick, and it doesn't seem to be causing me any problems that I can tell." How could the nurse best respond to this client's statement? "You may not sense any problems, but it really increases your risk of heart disease and stroke." A client's primary care provider has added 20 mg of Lasix (furosemide) to his medication regimen to treat his primary hypertension. How does this agent achieve its therapeutic effect? By decreasing vascular volume by increasing sodium and water excretion A 29-year-old woman who considers herself active and health conscious is surprised to have been diagnosed with preeclampsia-eclampsia in her second trimester. What should her care provider teach her about this change in her health status? "We don't really understand why some women get high blood pressure when they're pregnant." Which of the following children may be considered high risk for developing hypertension? Select all that apply. Diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta as an infant Recent scan showing a pheochromocytoma Takes cyclosporine daily since a kidney transplant An elderly client newly diagnosed with systolic hypertension asks her health care provider why this happens. The most accurate response would be: "With age, your arteries lose their elasticity and are replaced with collagen, which makes your arteries stiffer." Which of the following clients should most likely be assessed for orthostatic hypotension? An 80-year-old elderly client who has experienced two falls since admission while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom [Show Less]
NUR 239 Exam 4 - Questions with Verified Answers When explaining genetic coding to a group of students, the instructor discusses gene activation and deac... [Show More] tivation. It was stressed that inactivation of a gene requires which of the following processes? Methylation of histone amino acid When an infant is born with gene mutations in his cells, the nurse explains to the parents that accidental errors may be a result of: Select all that apply. Loss of one or more base pairs Substitution of one base pair for another Rearrangement of the base pairs Which of the following statements is true of genetic mutations? Mutations may result from environmental agents. While explaining the individual differences in physical traits in the family group, the health care provider states this is usually a result of: Small DNA sequence variation Which genetic disorders (body system) have a high requirement for oxidative metabolism associated with mitochondrial DNA? Neuromuscular disorders Which of the following statements is true of messenger RNA (mRNA)? mRNA provides the template for protein synthesis. When comparing and contrasting the various forms of RNA, the pathophysiology instructor identifies that ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is unique in that it: Is produced in the nucleolus A physiology instructor asks the students about the purpose of the promoter region on a DNA strand. Which student response is most accurate? Contains amino acids that the RNA polymerase recognized and binds to, thus starting the replication process Splicing of mRNA during processing permits a cell to: Form different proteins A genetic test result returns noting that the specimen (client) has inclusion bodies in the sample. The health care provider can associate this result with the development of which pathologic disease process? Select all that apply. Alzheimer disease Parkinson disease Which of the following would be an example of gene expression? Select all that apply. Control of insulin expression so it gives a signal for blood glucose regulation Increasing the amount of UV light exposure to end up with darker skin Identifying the genetic sex of a child is based on finding intracellular Barr bodies that consist of: Inactive chromatin material Prenatal genetic testing that counts the number of Barr bodies in a chromosome is able to determine: The genetic sex of a child Crossing-over of chromatid segments during meiosis division 1 results in: New gene combinations When discussing upcoming chromosome studies, a client asks, "What kind of sample are they going to take to do these tests?" The nurse replies, "The most common cells used for this purpose are: Lymphocytes from a venous blood specimen." While lecturing on inheritance patterns, a student asks, "My mother has blue eyes and my father has brown eyes. All my siblings have brown eyes except me. How can this happen?" Which of the following is the most accurate response? Phenotypically, the brown-eyed persons are the same, but genotypically they are different. The gene responsible for a particular congenital cardiac anomaly is said to have complete penetrance. What are the clinical implications of this fact? All the individuals who possess the gene will exhibit the anomaly. A pregnant female has been told she is a carrier for fragile X syndrome. She asks, "What does that mean?" The health care provider explains that she is heterozygous for fragile X recessive trait, but this will only be a problem if: The expressed pairing becomes homozygous. A child with cystic fibrosis (CF) asks the nurse why he has this disease, but his parents are perfectly healthy. The nurse explains: Both parents are carriers and have a recessive genotype with alleles for CF. When discussing linkage studies, the instructor mentions that colorblindness is found in a small section of the X chromosome and has been linked to development of which of the following diseases? Select all that apply. Hemophilia A Adrenal hyperplasia A client diagnosed with a cancer has been prescribed monoclonal antibodies as a treatment option. He asks the health care provider, "What are you talking about? I've never heard of this treatment. Is it experimental?" The health care provider explains somatic cell hybridization to the client by explaining that: Researchers inject mice with an antigen from human cancer cells. They then harvest the antibody-producing cells from the mice and individually fuse them with a cancerous cell. From the following list, which medications have been developed utilizing recombinant DNA technology? Select all that apply. Insulin, for clients with diabetes Erythropoietin to help the body generate more RBCs Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to dissolve a clot in the brain When a client with a kidney transplant develops graft versus host disease, a suicide gene transfer can be accomplished by: Infusion of donor lymphocytes Which of the following facts underlies the application of RNA interference in the treatment of disease? Faulty gene activity that produces unwanted proteins can sometimes be stopped. Which of the following is an application of recombinant DNA technology? Production of human insulin Genetic disorders that involve a single-gene trait are characterized by: Mendelian patterns of transmission In one family, a son was born with polydactyly toes while his sister had polydactyly fingers. In explaining this phenomenon in genetic terms to the parents, which concept should be addressed? Variable expressivity of a gene A woman who is a carrier for which of the following diseases possesses the greatest likelihood of passing the disease to her future children when heterozygous pairing exists? Neurofibromatosis A 16-year-old male presents to the clinic complaining of headaches, trouble hearing the teacher in the front of the classroom, and ringing in the ears. He also revealed that every time he goes swimming underwater, he gets disorientated (which never happened when he was younger). Given these manifestations, the health care provider is going to start testing for: Neurofibromas Which of the following statements is true of autosomal recessive disorders? Effects are typically the result of alterations in enzyme function. Following routine newborn testing, an infant has been diagnosed with an elevated phenylalanine level. The nurse teaches the parents to follow a strict low-protein diet to prevent which of the following major complications for the infant? Impaired brain development When a male child inherits an X-linked disorder from his heterozygous carrier mother: Some of his sisters will be carriers. When quizzing obstetrical nursing students regarding tissues affected by mitochondrial DNA mutations, the instructor accepts which of the following responses? Select all that apply. Retinal degeneration Deafness Which of the following statements about multifactorial inheritance disorders are accurate to share with a family of a child born with a cleft lip and palate? Multifactorial inheritance disorders: Select all that apply. Carry the same risk for recurrence with future pregnancies Have an increased risk among first-degree relatives of the affected person The parents of a newborn infant are relieved that their baby was born healthy, with the exception of a cleft lip that will be surgically corrected in 10 or 12 weeks. Which of the nurse's following statements to the parent's best conveys the probable cause of the infant's cleft lip? "Your child's cleft lip likely results from the interplay between environment and genes." Which of the following practitioners is most likely to be of immediate assistance in the first 24 hours following delivery of an infant with a cleft lip? Lactation consultant The newborn has been born with distinctive physical features of trisomy 21, Down syndrome. The mother asks the nurse, "What is wrong? My baby looks different than his brother." The nurse assesses the infant and notes which of the following characteristics that correlate with trisomy 21? Select all that apply. Upward slanting of eyes Large tongue sticking out the mouth Flat facial profile A 41-year-old woman has made the recent decision to start a family and is eager to undergo testing to mitigate the possibility of having a child with Down syndrome. Which of the following tests is most likely to provide the data the woman seeks? Prenatal blood tests Aneuploidy of the X chromosome can result in a monosomy or polysomy disorder. The clinical manifestations of a female with monosomy X include: Select all that apply. A short-stature female individual Difficulty with fine motor skills Nonpitting lymphedema of the feet Genetic testing has revealed that a male infant has been born with an extra X chromosome. What are the most likely implications of this finding? The child: Is likely to have no manifestations of this chromosomal abnormality A teratogenic environmental agent can cause birth defects when: Exposed during early pregnancy Which of the following variables determine the extent of teratogenic drug effects? Select all that apply. Molecular weight of the drug Stage of pregnancy when the drug was taken Duration of drug exposure Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is unlike other teratogens in that the harmful effects on the fetus: Extend throughout the pregnancy A woman who has just learned that she is pregnant for the first time has sought advice from her health care provider about the safe use of alcohol during pregnancy. What advice should the clinician provide to the woman? "It's likely best to eliminate alcohol from your diet while you're pregnant." A newly pregnant female is worried about her baby. She recently returned from a mission trip to Africa. She was told there was a rubella outbreak in the next village. She has been given a TORCH screening test. If she has exposed her fetus to rubella, the nurse would expect the infant to display which of the following possible birth defects? Blindness Which of the following meals would be considered high in folic acid intake? Green leafy salad, beef and bean burrito on whole-wheat shell A first-time pregnant mother asks, "Why do I need an ultrasound? I'm worried that my insurance won't cover it." The nurse responds that an ultrasonography can diagnose prenatal abnormalities like which of the following? Select all that apply. Skeletal defects like facial structural problems Congenital heart defects A pregnant client's α-fetoprotein (AFP) returns elevated. The couple ask the health care worker to explain what this means. Which of the following is the best response? "Elevated levels means your baby is at risk of having a neural tube defect like spina bifida (an opening in the spine)." An older mother (age 41) is worried about having a baby with birth defects. She wants to get tested so she can be prepared for the outcome. Which of the following tests should the clinic nurse prepare the client for? Select all that apply. A blood test (circulating cell-free DNA) will tell if the baby is mentally retarded. Withdrawing a sample of amniotic fluid will reveal any chromosomal defects. A pregnant mother (16 weeks' gestation) forgot and emptied her cat's litter box without gloves. She is extremely anxious and wants tested right away. Which test would the nurse prepare her for that would give rapid cytogenic analysis? Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling Which of the following clients are more than likely experiencing impairment of the mucociliary blank with cilia dysfunction? Select all that apply. A smoker who smokes 2 packs of cigarettes/day and currently hospitalized with pneumonia A mountain skier who spends all day outside teaching ski lessons A nursing home client diagnosed with H1N1 influenza with fever of 102°F Above the glottis that opens and closes for speech, the epiglottis performs which physiologic functions during swallowing? Cover the larynx A child with asthma is walking outside and develops a bronchospasm. The school nurse knows this bronchospasm has what effects on bronchioles with airflow? Select all that apply. Narrowing of bronchioles Impairs airflow A client with a history of emphysema from long-term cigarette smoking has loss of many alveoli. When comparing the type I alveolar cell physiologic function with the primary role of type II alveoli, the nurse would be aware that the type II alveoli are responsible for: Production of surfactant Bronchial circulation differs from the pulmonary circulation by providing blood for the: Conducting airways When a client with a history of asthma takes a walk outside on a windy day with high pollen counts, she may experience an asthma attack, resulting in an increase in respiration rate and wheezing. The body's response is likely related to which pathophysiological principle? Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation resulting in airway constriction A client who is in a room at 1 atmosphere (760 mm Hg) is receiving supplemental oxygen therapy that is being delivered at a concentration of 50%. What is the consequent PO2? 380 mm Hg. A college student is training for a marathon in the mountains. One day, she experiences a sharp pain and suddenly becomes short of breath. At the emergency room, chest x-ray reveals a spontaneous pneumothorax. The client asks the nurse to explain why this happened. The nurse states, "For unknown reasons, you lose intrapleural negative pressure. This means your lungs collapsed and expelled its air when you lose negative pressure." A respiratory therapist has asked a client to breathe in as deeply as possible during a pulmonary function test. Inspiration is normally the result of which of the following phenomena? Decreased intrathoracic pressure The client with emphysema should be educated about changes in lung tissue that may include which of the following changes? Select all that apply. Loss of elastic recoil Difficulty exhaling due to inability to recoil Increased lung compliance Clients who have been bed-ridden for a long time likely will experience: Shallow, quiet breathing, which impairs the spreading of surfactant When thinking in terms of airway radius with regard to resistance, the lung structure responsible for the most airway resistance to airflow would be: The bronchioles near the trachea Completion of a client's pulmonary function study has yielded the following data: tidal volume, 500 mL; inspiratory reserve, 3100 mL; expiratory reserve, 1200 mL; residual volume, 1200 mL; functional residual capacity, 2400 mL. What is this client's inspiratory capacity? 3600 mL. A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is undergoing pulmonary function testing. Which of the following instructions should the technician provide in order to determine the client's forced vital capacity (FVC)? "I'll ask you to breathe in as deep as you can, and then blow out as much of that air as possible." Clients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) may experience airway closure at the end of normal instead of low lung volumes, which result in: Trapping of large amounts of air that cannot participate in gas exchange Respiratory movement of air that does not participate in alveolar gas exchange is known as alveolar dead space. Dead space increases when alveolar/alveoli: Air supply exceeds blood flow. Generalized acute hypoxia in lung tissue, when alveolar oxygen levels drop below 60 mm Hg, causes pulmonary: Vasoconstriction Following surgery, a client had a chest x-ray that reported some opacities in the lung bases likely due to atelectasis. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes will result from this condition? Perfusion without ventilation Diffusion of gases in the lung is decreased, as in pulmonary edema or pneumonia, by causing an increase in alveolar: Capillary membrane thickness Which of the following clients are likely experiencing a shift to the right in the dissociation curve? Select all that apply. A client with respiratory influenza with a temperature of 102.6°F A COPD client with pneumonia with blood gas pH level of 7.31 A renal failure client with admitting hemoglobin level of 8.0 mg/dL While discussing carbon dioxide transport within the body, the instructor asks, "What enzyme helps carbon dioxide with water to form bicarbonate?" Which student response is correct? Carbonic anhydrase A client arrives in the emergency department suffering a traumatic brain injury as a result of a car accident. While assessing this client, the nurse notices the client has an irregular breathing pattern consisting of prolonged inspiratory gasps interrupted by expiratory efforts. The underlying physiological principle for these signs would include: Damage has occurred at the connection between the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers. COPD clients live with persistently elevated PCO2 levels. Therefore, which assessment finding would likely initiate a stimulus for ventilation in this client population? PO2 level of 50 mm Hg A client has experienced a bout of coughing after aspirating some of his secretions. The client's coughing was triggered by which of the following? Signals from receptors in the tracheobronchial wall The sensation of chest tightness due to an impending asthmatic attack appears to be related to which of the following physiological causes? Input from lung receptors that monitor bronchial constriction. A client with a history of emphysema is experiencing hypoxemia after a taxing physical therapy appointment. Which of the following physiologic phenomena will occur as a consequence of hypoxemia? Increased heart rate An elderly client who has been restricted to bed by numerous comorbidities for several weeks has been diagnosed with a large pleural effusion. Which of the following treatment modalities is most likely to resolve the client's most recent health problem? Thoracentesis Pleuritic chest pain associated with respiratory movements is usually described as: Localized A man sustained a puncture injury to his chest that caused a tension pneumothorax to form. This is a life-threatening condition because: Trapped, inspired air collapses the lung. [Show Less]
$33.45
14
0
$33.45
DocMerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students.
Northwestern University
I find DocMerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. Now is my chance to help others.
University Of Arizona
One of the most useful resource available is 24/7 access to study guides and notes. It helped me a lot to clear my final semester exams.
Devry University
DocMerit is super useful, because you study and make money at the same time! You even benefit from summaries made a couple of years ago.
Liberty University