chain of command and line authority -
organization - a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose (goals, pe... [Show More] ople, structure)
non managerial employees - people who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others
managers - individuals in an organization who direct the activities of others
top managers - individuals who are responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization and establishing policies that affect all organizational members
middle managers - individuals who are typically responsible for translating goals set by top managers into specific details that lower-level managers will see get done
first-line managers - supervisors responsible for directing the day-to-day activities of non managerial employees
management - the process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, through and with other people
efficiency - doing things right, or getting the most output from the least amount of inputs
effectiveness - doing the right things, or completing activities so that organizational goals are attained
planning - defining goals, establishing strategy, developing plans to coordinate activities (part of achieving the organization's stated purpose)
organizing - determining what needs to be done, how it will be done, and who is to do it (part of achieving the organization's stated purpose)
leading - directing and coordinating the work activities of an organization's people (part of achieving the organization's stated purpose)
controlling - monitoring activities to ensure that they are accomplished as planned (part of achieving the organization's stated purpose)
external environment - factors, forces, situations, and events outside the organization that affect its performance
components of the external environment - political/legal, demographics, economic, sociocultural, technological, global
sharing economy - an economic environment in which asset owners share with other individuals through a peer-to-peer service, for a set fee, their underutilized physical assets or their knowledge, expertise, skills or time; collaborative consumption
omnipotent view of management - the view that managers are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure
symbolic view of management - the view that much of an organization's success of failure is due to external forces outside managers' control
demographics - the characteristics of a population used for purposes of social studies; the size and characteristics of a country's population can have a significant effect on what it's able to achieve; age is important
technology - any equipment, tools, or operating methods that are designed to make work more efficient
3 ways the external environment constrains and challenges managers - 1. through its impact on jobs and employment 2. through the environmental uncertainty that is present 3. through the various stakeholder relationships that exist between an organization and its external constituencies
environmental uncertainty - the degree of change and complexity in an organization's environment
environmental complexity - the number of components in an organization's environment and the extent of the knowledge that the organization has about those components
stakeholders - any constituencies in an organization's environment that are affected by that organization's decisions and actions
organizational stakeholders - internal & external
organizational culture - the shared values, principles, traditions, and ways of doing things that influence the way organizational members act
culture is... - perceived, descriptive & shared
dimensions of organizational culture - an organization's culture may be shaped by one particular cultural dimension more than the others
where does culture come from? - 1. reflects the vision or mission 2. what the organization should be & what its values are 3. founders "impose" their vision on employees because of new organization's small size 4. members create a shared history that binds them into a community [Show Less]
