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NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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NRP 8TH EDITION FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the manifestations of pernicious anemias? CORRECT ANSWER - Enlarged, red, sore, shiny tongue - Digestive discomfort - nausea - Diarrhea - ... [Show More] tingling/ burning sensation - Ataxia What is thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER low platelet count What is Petechiae? CORRECT ANSWER -Flat, red, pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin that tends to bleed excessively Where does thrombocytopenia bleeding commonly occur? CORRECT ANSWER in the mouth who normally gets thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - acute viral infections in children 6 months or younger - autoimmune reactions in adults What autoimmune diseases cause thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Who normally is at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - Adults - Mainly young women - HIV patients What normally puts someone at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - HIV infections - hepatomegaly - splenomegaly - Some drugs What are the characteristics of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Red blood cells have a short life span - Megaloblasts What is a megaloblast? CORRECT ANSWER immature nucleated blood cells What is the pathophysiology of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Deficiency of intrinsic factor in gastric secretions resulting in decreased vitamin B12 absorption What are some interventions that will treat pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Oral supplements - Vitamin B12 injections (replacement therapy) What are characteristics of the red blood cells in Iron deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC will be microcytic - RBC will be hypochromic - Decreased hemoglobin production What does microcytic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Small cells What does hypochromic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Less color What is the etiology of Iron Deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Decrease dietary intake of iron (malnutrition) - Malabsorption of iron - blood loss - Severe liver disease What treatments can be used to treat Iron Deficiency Anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Iron supplements - Iron rich foods - Treat underlining cause of iron deficiency What are characteristics of the RBC in Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER -RBC elongate -RBC harden when O2 levels are low -RBC turn into a sickle shape -RBC have short lifespan What is the etiology of Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Autosomal recessive inheritance What is the treatments one can utilize for sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Use of hydroxyurea - Dietary supplementation with folic acid (Folate) - Avoid strenuous activity - Avoid high altitudes - Treatment of symptoms What is the characteristics of RBC in Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC are often normal - RBC tend to by pancytopenia What is pancytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER decrease in RBC numbers What causes Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Bone marrow damage or failure How can one treat aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - treat underlying cause - removal of bone marrow suppressant drugs - blood transfusion - Bone marrow transplantation in younger patients - Chemotherapy - Radiation - Stem cells What is leukemia? CORRECT ANSWER Undifferentiated immature, unfunctional cells that multiply uncontrollably in bone marrow causes a large quantity to be released into blood circulation - infiltrates lymph nodes, liver, brain, and other organs What is hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER A genetic blood-clotting disorder related to a deficit of factor VIII What is the bleeding time / PT test results in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are normal What tests are prolonged times in patients with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER -PTT -APTT -Coagulation time What are the serum levels and factor VIII levels in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are low What is orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER difficulty breathing while lying down What causes orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER increase in fluid accumulation in lungs in recumbent positions How does plague form in atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER - Endothelial injury causes inflammation leading to elevated CRP levels - WBC and lipids accumulate in the intima and in the muscle layer - smooth muscle cells begin to multiply - Plaque forms and inflammation persists - platelets adhere to arterial wall causes a thrombus to form - lipids continue to build up / fibrous tissue begins to build up which causes more platelets to adhere -Platelets release prostaglandin that causes inflammation to worsen What WBC accumulate during atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER Monocytes macrophages What are risk factors associated with atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER -smoking -obesity -diabetes -family history What are the categories of Angina pectoris? CORRECT ANSWER -Classic (exertional) -variant -unstable what is variant angina? CORRECT ANSWER vasospasm occurring at rest What is unstable angina? CORRECT ANSWER -prolonged chest pain at rest -may precede myocardial infarction What are manifestations of anginas? CORRECT ANSWER - pallor skin color - diaphoresis - nausea - chest pain - varying severity of pain with attacks What is the manifestations of right-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER - would show systemic signs and symptoms -swelling of the ankles -swelling of lower extremities What are the manifestations of left-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER -symptoms would be related to lungs (pulmonary symptoms) - shortness of breath on exertion or laying down What is hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER High blood pressure consisting over 140/90 What is the three classifications of hyper tension? CORRECT ANSWER Primary (essential) hypertension Secondary hypertension malignant (resistant) hypertension What is primary (essential) hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - 95% of all cases - onset usually <55 yrs. old What is secondary hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -results from renal or endocrine disease -can result from pheochromocytoma What is a malignant hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER A hypertensive emergency with extremely high blood pressure What is pheochromocytoma? CORRECT ANSWER tumor of the adrenal medulla What are some manifestations of hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue -malaise -Morning headache -BP constantly above 140/90 What are some interventions with hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - life style changes - reduction in salt - reduce BMI - increase cardiovascular fitness What is varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER --irregular dilated and tortuous areas of superficial or deep veins -commonly found in lower extremities What is the cause of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - defect or weakness in the vein walls or valves - weakness of vein walls from familial history -trauma -intravenous administration of fluids - thrombophlebitis -standing for long periods of time -crossing legs -weight lifting What are some signs of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER -superficial varicosities on legs that appear as irregular, purplish bulging structures -edema in feet -fatigue -aching pain -shiny, pigmented and hairless skin What are some treatments of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - keep legs elevated - supportive stockings - avoid restrictive clothing - avoid crossing legs [Show Less]
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NR 565 PHARM MIDTERM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWER
What are the manifestations of pernicious anemias? CORRECT ANSWER - Enlarged, red, sore, shiny tongue - Digestive discomfort - nausea - Diarrhea - ... [Show More] tingling/ burning sensation - Ataxia What is thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER low platelet count What is Petechiae? CORRECT ANSWER -Flat, red, pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin that tends to bleed excessively Where does thrombocytopenia bleeding commonly occur? CORRECT ANSWER in the mouth who normally gets thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - acute viral infections in children 6 months or younger - autoimmune reactions in adults What autoimmune diseases cause thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Who normally is at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - Adults - Mainly young women - HIV patients What normally puts someone at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - HIV infections - hepatomegaly - splenomegaly - Some drugs What are the characteristics of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Red blood cells have a short life span - Megaloblasts What is a megaloblast? CORRECT ANSWER immature nucleated blood cells What is the pathophysiology of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Deficiency of intrinsic factor in gastric secretions resulting in decreased vitamin B12 absorption What are some interventions that will treat pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Oral supplements - Vitamin B12 injections (replacement therapy) What are characteristics of the red blood cells in Iron deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC will be microcytic - RBC will be hypochromic - Decreased hemoglobin production What does microcytic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Small cells What does hypochromic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Less color What is the etiology of Iron Deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Decrease dietary intake of iron (malnutrition) - Malabsorption of iron - blood loss - Severe liver disease What treatments can be used to treat Iron Deficiency Anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Iron supplements - Iron rich foods - Treat underlining cause of iron deficiency What are characteristics of the RBC in Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER -RBC elongate -RBC harden when O2 levels are low -RBC turn into a sickle shape -RBC have short lifespan What is the etiology of Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Autosomal recessive inheritance What is the treatments one can utilize for sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Use of hydroxyurea - Dietary supplementation with folic acid (Folate) - Avoid strenuous activity - Avoid high altitudes - Treatment of symptoms What is the characteristics of RBC in Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC are often normal - RBC tend to by pancytopenia What is pancytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER decrease in RBC numbers What causes Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Bone marrow damage or failure How can one treat aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - treat underlying cause - removal of bone marrow suppressant drugs - blood transfusion - Bone marrow transplantation in younger patients - Chemotherapy - Radiation - Stem cells What is leukemia? CORRECT ANSWER Undifferentiated immature, unfunctional cells that multiply uncontrollably in bone marrow causes a large quantity to be released into blood circulation - infiltrates lymph nodes, liver, brain, and other organs What is hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER A genetic blood-clotting disorder related to a deficit of factor VIII What is the bleeding time / PT test results in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are normal What tests are prolonged times in patients with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER -PTT -APTT -Coagulation time What are the serum levels and factor VIII levels in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are low What is orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER difficulty breathing while lying down What causes orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER increase in fluid accumulation in lungs in recumbent positions How does plague form in atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER - Endothelial injury causes inflammation leading to elevated CRP levels - WBC and lipids accumulate in the intima and in the muscle layer - smooth muscle cells begin to multiply - Plaque forms and inflammation persists - platelets adhere to arterial wall causes a thrombus to form - lipids continue to build up / fibrous tissue begins to build up which causes more platelets to adhere -Platelets release prostaglandin that causes inflammation to worsen What WBC accumulate during atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER Monocytes macrophages What are risk factors associated with atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER -smoking -obesity -diabetes -family history What are the categories of Angina pectoris? CORRECT ANSWER -Classic (exertional) -variant -unstable what is variant angina? CORRECT ANSWER vasospasm occurring at rest What is unstable angina? CORRECT ANSWER -prolonged chest pain at rest -may precede myocardial infarction What are manifestations of anginas? CORRECT ANSWER - pallor skin color - diaphoresis - nausea - chest pain - varying severity of pain with attacks What is the manifestations of right-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER - would show systemic signs and symptoms -swelling of the ankles -swelling of lower extremities What are the manifestations of left-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER -symptoms would be related to lungs (pulmonary symptoms) - shortness of breath on exertion or laying down What is hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER High blood pressure consisting over 140/90 What is the three classifications of hyper tension? CORRECT ANSWER Primary (essential) hypertension Secondary hypertension malignant (resistant) hypertension What is primary (essential) hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - 95% of all cases - onset usually <55 yrs. old What is secondary hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -results from renal or endocrine disease -can result from pheochromocytoma What is a malignant hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER A hypertensive emergency with extremely high blood pressure What is pheochromocytoma? CORRECT ANSWER tumor of the adrenal medulla What are some manifestations of hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue -malaise -Morning headache -BP constantly above 140/90 What are some interventions with hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - life style changes - reduction in salt - reduce BMI - increase cardiovascular fitness What is varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER --irregular dilated and tortuous areas of superficial or deep veins -commonly found in lower extremities What is the cause of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - defect or weakness in the vein walls or valves - weakness of vein walls from familial history -trauma -intravenous administration of fluids - thrombophlebitis -standing for long periods of time -crossing legs -weight lifting What are some signs of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER -superficial varicosities on legs that appear as irregular, purplish bulging structures -edema in feet -fatigue -aching pain -shiny, pigmented and hairless skin What are some treatments of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - keep legs elevated - supportive stockings - avoid restrictive clothing - avoid crossing legs [Show Less]
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NR601
What are the manifestations of pernicious anemias? CORRECT ANSWER - Enlarged, red, sore, shiny tongue - Digestive discomfort - nausea - Diarrhea - ... [Show More] tingling/ burning sensation - Ataxia What is thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER low platelet count What is Petechiae? CORRECT ANSWER -Flat, red, pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin that tends to bleed excessively Where does thrombocytopenia bleeding commonly occur? CORRECT ANSWER in the mouth who normally gets thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - acute viral infections in children 6 months or younger - autoimmune reactions in adults What autoimmune diseases cause thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Who normally is at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - Adults - Mainly young women - HIV patients What normally puts someone at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - HIV infections - hepatomegaly - splenomegaly - Some drugs What are the characteristics of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Red blood cells have a short life span - Megaloblasts What is a megaloblast? CORRECT ANSWER immature nucleated blood cells What is the pathophysiology of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Deficiency of intrinsic factor in gastric secretions resulting in decreased vitamin B12 absorption What are some interventions that will treat pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Oral supplements - Vitamin B12 injections (replacement therapy) What are characteristics of the red blood cells in Iron deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC will be microcytic - RBC will be hypochromic - Decreased hemoglobin production What does microcytic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Small cells What does hypochromic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Less color What is the etiology of Iron Deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Decrease dietary intake of iron (malnutrition) - Malabsorption of iron - blood loss - Severe liver disease What treatments can be used to treat Iron Deficiency Anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Iron supplements - Iron rich foods - Treat underlining cause of iron deficiency What are characteristics of the RBC in Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER -RBC elongate -RBC harden when O2 levels are low -RBC turn into a sickle shape -RBC have short lifespan What is the etiology of Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Autosomal recessive inheritance What is the treatments one can utilize for sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Use of hydroxyurea - Dietary supplementation with folic acid (Folate) - Avoid strenuous activity - Avoid high altitudes - Treatment of symptoms What is the characteristics of RBC in Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC are often normal - RBC tend to by pancytopenia What is pancytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER decrease in RBC numbers What causes Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Bone marrow damage or failure How can one treat aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - treat underlying cause - removal of bone marrow suppressant drugs - blood transfusion - Bone marrow transplantation in younger patients - Chemotherapy - Radiation - Stem cells What is leukemia? CORRECT ANSWER Undifferentiated immature, unfunctional cells that multiply uncontrollably in bone marrow causes a large quantity to be released into blood circulation - infiltrates lymph nodes, liver, brain, and other organs What is hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER A genetic blood-clotting disorder related to a deficit of factor VIII What is the bleeding time / PT test results in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are normal What tests are prolonged times in patients with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER -PTT -APTT -Coagulation time What are the serum levels and factor VIII levels in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are low What is orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER difficulty breathing while lying down What causes orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER increase in fluid accumulation in lungs in recumbent positions How does plague form in atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER - Endothelial injury causes inflammation leading to elevated CRP levels - WBC and lipids accumulate in the intima and in the muscle layer - smooth muscle cells begin to multiply - Plaque forms and inflammation persists - platelets adhere to arterial wall causes a thrombus to form - lipids continue to build up / fibrous tissue begins to build up which causes more platelets to adhere -Platelets release prostaglandin that causes inflammation to worsen What WBC accumulate during atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER Monocytes macrophages What are risk factors associated with atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER -smoking -obesity -diabetes -family history What are the categories of Angina pectoris? CORRECT ANSWER -Classic (exertional) -variant -unstable what is variant angina? CORRECT ANSWER vasospasm occurring at rest What is unstable angina? CORRECT ANSWER -prolonged chest pain at rest -may precede myocardial infarction What are manifestations of anginas? CORRECT ANSWER - pallor skin color - diaphoresis - nausea - chest pain - varying severity of pain with attacks What is the manifestations of right-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER - would show systemic signs and symptoms -swelling of the ankles -swelling of lower extremities What are the manifestations of left-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER -symptoms would be related to lungs (pulmonary symptoms) - shortness of breath on exertion or laying down What is hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER High blood pressure consisting over 140/90 What is the three classifications of hyper tension? CORRECT ANSWER Primary (essential) hypertension Secondary hypertension malignant (resistant) hypertension What is primary (essential) hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - 95% of all cases - onset usually <55 yrs. old What is secondary hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -results from renal or endocrine disease -can result from pheochromocytoma What is a malignant hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER A hypertensive emergency with extremely high blood pressure What is pheochromocytoma? CORRECT ANSWER tumor of the adrenal medulla What are some manifestations of hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue -malaise -Morning headache -BP constantly above 140/90 What are some interventions with hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - life style changes - reduction in salt - reduce BMI - increase cardiovascular fitness What is varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER --irregular dilated and tortuous areas of superficial or deep veins -commonly found in lower extremities What is the cause of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - defect or weakness in the vein walls or valves - weakness of vein walls from familial history -trauma -intravenous administration of fluids - thrombophlebitis -standing for long periods of time -crossing legs -weight lifting What are some signs of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER -superficial varicosities on legs that appear as irregular, purplish bulging structures -edema in feet -fatigue -aching pain -shiny, pigmented and hairless skin What are some treatments of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - keep legs elevated - supportive stockings - avoid restrictive clothing - avoid crossing legs [Show Less]
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NR 283 QUIZ 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the manifestations of pernicious anemias? CORRECT ANSWER - Enlarged, red, sore, shiny tongue - Digestive discomfort - nausea - Diarrhea - ... [Show More] tingling/ burning sensation - Ataxia What is thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER low platelet count What is Petechiae? CORRECT ANSWER -Flat, red, pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin that tends to bleed excessively Where does thrombocytopenia bleeding commonly occur? CORRECT ANSWER in the mouth who normally gets thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - acute viral infections in children 6 months or younger - autoimmune reactions in adults What autoimmune diseases cause thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Who normally is at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - Adults - Mainly young women - HIV patients What normally puts someone at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - HIV infections - hepatomegaly - splenomegaly - Some drugs What are the characteristics of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Red blood cells have a short life span - Megaloblasts What is a megaloblast? CORRECT ANSWER immature nucleated blood cells What is the pathophysiology of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Deficiency of intrinsic factor in gastric secretions resulting in decreased vitamin B12 absorption What are some interventions that will treat pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Oral supplements - Vitamin B12 injections (replacement therapy) What are characteristics of the red blood cells in Iron deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC will be microcytic - RBC will be hypochromic - Decreased hemoglobin production What does microcytic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Small cells What does hypochromic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Less color What is the etiology of Iron Deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Decrease dietary intake of iron (malnutrition) - Malabsorption of iron - blood loss - Severe liver disease What treatments can be used to treat Iron Deficiency Anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Iron supplements - Iron rich foods - Treat underlining cause of iron deficiency What are characteristics of the RBC in Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER -RBC elongate -RBC harden when O2 levels are low -RBC turn into a sickle shape -RBC have short lifespan What is the etiology of Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Autosomal recessive inheritance What is the treatments one can utilize for sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Use of hydroxyurea - Dietary supplementation with folic acid (Folate) - Avoid strenuous activity - Avoid high altitudes - Treatment of symptoms What is the characteristics of RBC in Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC are often normal - RBC tend to by pancytopenia What is pancytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER decrease in RBC numbers What causes Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Bone marrow damage or failure How can one treat aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - treat underlying cause - removal of bone marrow suppressant drugs - blood transfusion - Bone marrow transplantation in younger patients - Chemotherapy - Radiation - Stem cells What is leukemia? CORRECT ANSWER Undifferentiated immature, unfunctional cells that multiply uncontrollably in bone marrow causes a large quantity to be released into blood circulation - infiltrates lymph nodes, liver, brain, and other organs What is hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER A genetic blood-clotting disorder related to a deficit of factor VIII What is the bleeding time / PT test results in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are normal What tests are prolonged times in patients with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER -PTT -APTT -Coagulation time What are the serum levels and factor VIII levels in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are low What is orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER difficulty breathing while lying down What causes orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER increase in fluid accumulation in lungs in recumbent positions How does plague form in atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER - Endothelial injury causes inflammation leading to elevated CRP levels - WBC and lipids accumulate in the intima and in the muscle layer - smooth muscle cells begin to multiply - Plaque forms and inflammation persists - platelets adhere to arterial wall causes a thrombus to form - lipids continue to build up / fibrous tissue begins to build up which causes more platelets to adhere -Platelets release prostaglandin that causes inflammation to worsen What WBC accumulate during atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER Monocytes macrophages What are risk factors associated with atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER -smoking -obesity -diabetes -family history What are the categories of Angina pectoris? CORRECT ANSWER -Classic (exertional) -variant -unstable what is variant angina? CORRECT ANSWER vasospasm occurring at rest What is unstable angina? CORRECT ANSWER -prolonged chest pain at rest -may precede myocardial infarction What are manifestations of anginas? CORRECT ANSWER - pallor skin color - diaphoresis - nausea - chest pain - varying severity of pain with attacks What is the manifestations of right-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER - would show systemic signs and symptoms -swelling of the ankles -swelling of lower extremities What are the manifestations of left-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER -symptoms would be related to lungs (pulmonary symptoms) - shortness of breath on exertion or laying down What is hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER High blood pressure consisting over 140/90 What is the three classifications of hyper tension? CORRECT ANSWER Primary (essential) hypertension Secondary hypertension malignant (resistant) hypertension What is primary (essential) hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - 95% of all cases - onset usually <55 yrs. old What is secondary hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -results from renal or endocrine disease -can result from pheochromocytoma What is a malignant hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER A hypertensive emergency with extremely high blood pressure What is pheochromocytoma? CORRECT ANSWER tumor of the adrenal medulla What are some manifestations of hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue -malaise -Morning headache -BP constantly above 140/90 What are some interventions with hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - life style changes - reduction in salt - reduce BMI - increase cardiovascular fitness What is varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER --irregular dilated and tortuous areas of superficial or deep veins -commonly found in lower extremities What is the cause of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - defect or weakness in the vein walls or valves - weakness of vein walls from familial history -trauma -intravenous administration of fluids - thrombophlebitis -standing for long periods of time -crossing legs -weight lifting What are some signs of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER -superficial varicosities on legs that appear as irregular, purplish bulging structures -edema in feet -fatigue -aching pain -shiny, pigmented and hairless skin What are some treatments of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - keep legs elevated - supportive stockings - avoid restrictive clothing - avoid crossing legs [Show Less]
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NR 283 FINAL EXAM REVIEW CHAMBERLAIN QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the manifestations of pernicious anemias? CORRECT ANSWER - Enlarged, red, sore, shiny tongue - Digestive discomfort - nausea - Diarrhea - ... [Show More] tingling/ burning sensation - Ataxia What is thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER low platelet count What is Petechiae? CORRECT ANSWER -Flat, red, pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin that tends to bleed excessively Where does thrombocytopenia bleeding commonly occur? CORRECT ANSWER in the mouth who normally gets thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - acute viral infections in children 6 months or younger - autoimmune reactions in adults What autoimmune diseases cause thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Who normally is at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - Adults - Mainly young women - HIV patients What normally puts someone at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - HIV infections - hepatomegaly - splenomegaly - Some drugs What are the characteristics of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Red blood cells have a short life span - Megaloblasts What is a megaloblast? CORRECT ANSWER immature nucleated blood cells What is the pathophysiology of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Deficiency of intrinsic factor in gastric secretions resulting in decreased vitamin B12 absorption What are some interventions that will treat pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Oral supplements - Vitamin B12 injections (replacement therapy) What are characteristics of the red blood cells in Iron deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC will be microcytic - RBC will be hypochromic - Decreased hemoglobin production What does microcytic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Small cells What does hypochromic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Less color What is the etiology of Iron Deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Decrease dietary intake of iron (malnutrition) - Malabsorption of iron - blood loss - Severe liver disease What treatments can be used to treat Iron Deficiency Anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Iron supplements - Iron rich foods - Treat underlining cause of iron deficiency What are characteristics of the RBC in Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER -RBC elongate -RBC harden when O2 levels are low -RBC turn into a sickle shape -RBC have short lifespan What is the etiology of Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Autosomal recessive inheritance What is the treatments one can utilize for sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Use of hydroxyurea - Dietary supplementation with folic acid (Folate) - Avoid strenuous activity - Avoid high altitudes - Treatment of symptoms What is the characteristics of RBC in Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC are often normal - RBC tend to by pancytopenia What is pancytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER decrease in RBC numbers What causes Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Bone marrow damage or failure How can one treat aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - treat underlying cause - removal of bone marrow suppressant drugs - blood transfusion - Bone marrow transplantation in younger patients - Chemotherapy - Radiation - Stem cells What is leukemia? CORRECT ANSWER Undifferentiated immature, unfunctional cells that multiply uncontrollably in bone marrow causes a large quantity to be released into blood circulation - infiltrates lymph nodes, liver, brain, and other organs What is hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER A genetic blood-clotting disorder related to a deficit of factor VIII What is the bleeding time / PT test results in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are normal What tests are prolonged times in patients with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER -PTT -APTT -Coagulation time What are the serum levels and factor VIII levels in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are low What is orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER difficulty breathing while lying down What causes orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER increase in fluid accumulation in lungs in recumbent positions How does plague form in atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER - Endothelial injury causes inflammation leading to elevated CRP levels - WBC and lipids accumulate in the intima and in the muscle layer - smooth muscle cells begin to multiply - Plaque forms and inflammation persists - platelets adhere to arterial wall causes a thrombus to form - lipids continue to build up / fibrous tissue begins to build up which causes more platelets to adhere -Platelets release prostaglandin that causes inflammation to worsen What WBC accumulate during atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER Monocytes macrophages What are risk factors associated with atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER -smoking -obesity -diabetes -family history What are the categories of Angina pectoris? CORRECT ANSWER -Classic (exertional) -variant -unstable what is variant angina? CORRECT ANSWER vasospasm occurring at rest What is unstable angina? CORRECT ANSWER -prolonged chest pain at rest -may precede myocardial infarction What are manifestations of anginas? CORRECT ANSWER - pallor skin color - diaphoresis - nausea - chest pain - varying severity of pain with attacks What is the manifestations of right-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER - would show systemic signs and symptoms -swelling of the ankles -swelling of lower extremities What are the manifestations of left-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER -symptoms would be related to lungs (pulmonary symptoms) - shortness of breath on exertion or laying down What is hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER High blood pressure consisting over 140/90 What is the three classifications of hyper tension? CORRECT ANSWER Primary (essential) hypertension Secondary hypertension malignant (resistant) hypertension What is primary (essential) hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - 95% of all cases - onset usually <55 yrs. old What is secondary hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -results from renal or endocrine disease -can result from pheochromocytoma What is a malignant hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER A hypertensive emergency with extremely high blood pressure What is pheochromocytoma? CORRECT ANSWER tumor of the adrenal medulla What are some manifestations of hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue -malaise -Morning headache -BP constantly above 140/90 What are some interventions with hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - life style changes - reduction in salt - reduce BMI - increase cardiovascular fitness What is varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER --irregular dilated and tortuous areas of superficial or deep veins -commonly found in lower extremities What is the cause of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - defect or weakness in the vein walls or valves - weakness of vein walls from familial history -trauma -intravenous administration of fluids - thrombophlebitis -standing for long periods of time -crossing legs -weight lifting What are some signs of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER -superficial varicosities on legs that appear as irregular, purplish bulging structures -edema in feet -fatigue -aching pain -shiny, pigmented and hairless skin What are some treatments of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - keep legs elevated - supportive stockings - avoid restrictive clothing - avoid crossing legs [Show Less]
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NRNP 6560 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WIH CORRECT ANSWERS
ANSWERS Tolerance CORRECT ANSWER increased doses of the medication are required to obtain the same therapeutic response Physical Dependence CORRECT ANS... [Show More] WER the body gets used to the drug and you cannot stop it abruptly or else withdrawal will happen. Have to wean person off drug Addiction CORRECT ANSWER the patient takes the medication not as prescribed, often for pleasure Most patients... CORRECT ANSWER take opioid medications as prescribed without any issues PCA pump CORRECT ANSWER Patient controlled analgesic administered intravenously with a machine and a button. How do PCAs Pumps work? CORRECT ANSWER The patient presses a button and they will get medication. They can only press the button a certain amount of times per hour. PCA pump order example CORRECT ANSWER Patient can get 1 mg every 8 minutes, but no more than 5 doses per hour -There are certain lock out features on the pump that will not allow patient medication if they take too many doses. PCA pump education CORRECT ANSWER The patient may only press PCA button, not family or visitors, even if they think patient in pain. Medication often given via PCA pump: CORRECT ANSWER Morphine Opioid Antidote CORRECT ANSWER Naloxone Adverse effects from opioid use: CORRECT ANSWER respiratory depression constipation urinary retention orthostatic hypotension biliary colic- muscle spasm emesis miosis cough suppression increased ICP itchiness 1st generation antihistamine CORRECT ANSWER diphenhydramine diphenhydramine will... CORRECT ANSWER make patient sleepy when they take it 2nd generation antihistamines are: CORRECT ANSWER non-drowsy What do we need to educate patient when they take diphenhydramine? CORRECT ANSWER take in evening before bedtime since it can make patient sleepy. they should take 2nd generation antihistamine in the morning if they need it. if they accidentally take it in the morning, they must be advised it will make them sleepy! No driving! What should patient do if they have daytime sleepiness often CORRECT ANSWER report it to the HCP as there are many medications out there to help with that. Helps to determine cause also! 2nd generation antihistamines (non-drowsy) names? CORRECT ANSWER Cetirizine Fenofexadine Loratadine Antidote for acetaminophen CORRECT ANSWER acetylcysteine Adverse effects for acetaminophen CORRECT ANSWER Very few at normal disease Steven Johnsons Syndrome: full body rash from the medication use. Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis: pustules erupt due to drug usage Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: skin peeling and blistering due to medication use Hepatotoxicity what should we never take when we use acetaminophen? CORRECT ANSWER alcohol Early s/s of acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER N, V, D, sweating, ABD pain Late s.s of acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER hepatic failure, coma, death What will happen when we give acetylcysteine for acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER all the toxicity s/s will reverse What might happen if the patient taking a steroid stops taking it cold turkey? CORRECT ANSWER they cannot produce own since adrenal insufficiency occur so they may die from the response! Must wean and taper! Cushing syndrome is similar to steroid use. What are S/S of Cushing's Syndrome? CORRECT ANSWER moon face buffalo hump osteoporosis hirsutism obesity thin skin striae ecchymosis and purport amenorrhea high blood glucose high BP What should patient taking steroids wear? CORRECT ANSWER medical alert bracelet What must patient keep on them at all times? CORRECT ANSWER Scripts for steroid refill or extra pills! They cannot run out! A patient taking steroids comes down with the flu. The nurse in the clinic may tell the patient to do what? CORRECT ANSWER Take extra dose of steroids as extra stress situations or illness may need extra steroids and cortisol to help! A patient leaving the hospital questions the nurse about why he has to use insulin while he is at home since her is not a diabetic, but is taking a steroid. What must the nurse educate here? CORRECT ANSWER Steroids cause hyperglycemia. He must take his blood sugar and use insulin to correct it as needed. Adverse effects of steroid use CORRECT ANSWER Hyperglycemia Slows growth in children hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and edema Adrenal insuffiency Osteoporosis Pneumonia from immunosuppression Myopathy- increase in muscle due to enlargement Psychological s/s like memory issues and confusion and depression Cataracts and glaucoma PUD [Show Less]
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NREMT PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH 100.
ANSWERS Tolerance CORRECT ANSWER increased doses of the medication are required to obtain the same therapeutic response Physical Dependence CORRECT ANS... [Show More] WER the body gets used to the drug and you cannot stop it abruptly or else withdrawal will happen. Have to wean person off drug Addiction CORRECT ANSWER the patient takes the medication not as prescribed, often for pleasure Most patients... CORRECT ANSWER take opioid medications as prescribed without any issues PCA pump CORRECT ANSWER Patient controlled analgesic administered intravenously with a machine and a button. How do PCAs Pumps work? CORRECT ANSWER The patient presses a button and they will get medication. They can only press the button a certain amount of times per hour. PCA pump order example CORRECT ANSWER Patient can get 1 mg every 8 minutes, but no more than 5 doses per hour -There are certain lock out features on the pump that will not allow patient medication if they take too many doses. PCA pump education CORRECT ANSWER The patient may only press PCA button, not family or visitors, even if they think patient in pain. Medication often given via PCA pump: CORRECT ANSWER Morphine Opioid Antidote CORRECT ANSWER Naloxone Adverse effects from opioid use: CORRECT ANSWER respiratory depression constipation urinary retention orthostatic hypotension biliary colic- muscle spasm emesis miosis cough suppression increased ICP itchiness 1st generation antihistamine CORRECT ANSWER diphenhydramine diphenhydramine will... CORRECT ANSWER make patient sleepy when they take it 2nd generation antihistamines are: CORRECT ANSWER non-drowsy What do we need to educate patient when they take diphenhydramine? CORRECT ANSWER take in evening before bedtime since it can make patient sleepy. they should take 2nd generation antihistamine in the morning if they need it. if they accidentally take it in the morning, they must be advised it will make them sleepy! No driving! What should patient do if they have daytime sleepiness often CORRECT ANSWER report it to the HCP as there are many medications out there to help with that. Helps to determine cause also! 2nd generation antihistamines (non-drowsy) names? CORRECT ANSWER Cetirizine Fenofexadine Loratadine Antidote for acetaminophen CORRECT ANSWER acetylcysteine Adverse effects for acetaminophen CORRECT ANSWER Very few at normal disease Steven Johnsons Syndrome: full body rash from the medication use. Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis: pustules erupt due to drug usage Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: skin peeling and blistering due to medication use Hepatotoxicity what should we never take when we use acetaminophen? CORRECT ANSWER alcohol Early s/s of acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER N, V, D, sweating, ABD pain Late s.s of acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER hepatic failure, coma, death What will happen when we give acetylcysteine for acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER all the toxicity s/s will reverse What might happen if the patient taking a steroid stops taking it cold turkey? CORRECT ANSWER they cannot produce own since adrenal insufficiency occur so they may die from the response! Must wean and taper! Cushing syndrome is similar to steroid use. What are S/S of Cushing's Syndrome? CORRECT ANSWER moon face buffalo hump osteoporosis hirsutism obesity thin skin striae ecchymosis and purport amenorrhea high blood glucose high BP What should patient taking steroids wear? CORRECT ANSWER medical alert bracelet What must patient keep on them at all times? CORRECT ANSWER Scripts for steroid refill or extra pills! They cannot run out! A patient taking steroids comes down with the flu. The nurse in the clinic may tell the patient to do what? CORRECT ANSWER Take extra dose of steroids as extra stress situations or illness may need extra steroids and cortisol to help! A patient leaving the hospital questions the nurse about why he has to use insulin while he is at home since her is not a diabetic, but is taking a steroid. What must the nurse educate here? CORRECT ANSWER Steroids cause hyperglycemia. He must take his blood sugar and use insulin to correct it as needed. Adverse effects of steroid use CORRECT ANSWER Hyperglycemia Slows growth in children hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and edema Adrenal insuffiency Osteoporosis Pneumonia from immunosuppression Myopathy- increase in muscle due to enlargement Psychological s/s like memory issues and confusion and depression Cataracts and glaucoma PUD [Show Less]
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NR599.
ANSWERS Tolerance CORRECT ANSWER increased doses of the medication are required to obtain the same therapeutic response Physical Dependence CORRECT ANS... [Show More] WER the body gets used to the drug and you cannot stop it abruptly or else withdrawal will happen. Have to wean person off drug Addiction CORRECT ANSWER the patient takes the medication not as prescribed, often for pleasure Most patients... CORRECT ANSWER take opioid medications as prescribed without any issues PCA pump CORRECT ANSWER Patient controlled analgesic administered intravenously with a machine and a button. How do PCAs Pumps work? CORRECT ANSWER The patient presses a button and they will get medication. They can only press the button a certain amount of times per hour. PCA pump order example CORRECT ANSWER Patient can get 1 mg every 8 minutes, but no more than 5 doses per hour -There are certain lock out features on the pump that will not allow patient medication if they take too many doses. PCA pump education CORRECT ANSWER The patient may only press PCA button, not family or visitors, even if they think patient in pain. Medication often given via PCA pump: CORRECT ANSWER Morphine Opioid Antidote CORRECT ANSWER Naloxone Adverse effects from opioid use: CORRECT ANSWER respiratory depression constipation urinary retention orthostatic hypotension biliary colic- muscle spasm emesis miosis cough suppression increased ICP itchiness 1st generation antihistamine CORRECT ANSWER diphenhydramine diphenhydramine will... CORRECT ANSWER make patient sleepy when they take it 2nd generation antihistamines are: CORRECT ANSWER non-drowsy What do we need to educate patient when they take diphenhydramine? CORRECT ANSWER take in evening before bedtime since it can make patient sleepy. they should take 2nd generation antihistamine in the morning if they need it. if they accidentally take it in the morning, they must be advised it will make them sleepy! No driving! What should patient do if they have daytime sleepiness often CORRECT ANSWER report it to the HCP as there are many medications out there to help with that. Helps to determine cause also! 2nd generation antihistamines (non-drowsy) names? CORRECT ANSWER Cetirizine Fenofexadine Loratadine Antidote for acetaminophen CORRECT ANSWER acetylcysteine Adverse effects for acetaminophen CORRECT ANSWER Very few at normal disease Steven Johnsons Syndrome: full body rash from the medication use. Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis: pustules erupt due to drug usage Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: skin peeling and blistering due to medication use Hepatotoxicity what should we never take when we use acetaminophen? CORRECT ANSWER alcohol Early s/s of acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER N, V, D, sweating, ABD pain Late s.s of acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER hepatic failure, coma, death What will happen when we give acetylcysteine for acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER all the toxicity s/s will reverse What might happen if the patient taking a steroid stops taking it cold turkey? CORRECT ANSWER they cannot produce own since adrenal insufficiency occur so they may die from the response! Must wean and taper! Cushing syndrome is similar to steroid use. What are S/S of Cushing's Syndrome? CORRECT ANSWER moon face buffalo hump osteoporosis hirsutism obesity thin skin striae ecchymosis and purport amenorrhea high blood glucose high BP What should patient taking steroids wear? CORRECT ANSWER medical alert bracelet What must patient keep on them at all times? CORRECT ANSWER Scripts for steroid refill or extra pills! They cannot run out! A patient taking steroids comes down with the flu. The nurse in the clinic may tell the patient to do what? CORRECT ANSWER Take extra dose of steroids as extra stress situations or illness may need extra steroids and cortisol to help! A patient leaving the hospital questions the nurse about why he has to use insulin while he is at home since her is not a diabetic, but is taking a steroid. What must the nurse educate here? CORRECT ANSWER Steroids cause hyperglycemia. He must take his blood sugar and use insulin to correct it as needed. Adverse effects of steroid use CORRECT ANSWER Hyperglycemia Slows growth in children hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and edema Adrenal insuffiency Osteoporosis Pneumonia from immunosuppression Myopathy- increase in muscle due to enlargement Psychological s/s like memory issues and confusion and depression Cataracts and glaucoma PUD [Show Less]
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NR599 NURSING INFORMATICS FINAL QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS.docx
ANSWERS Tolerance CORRECT ANSWER increased doses of the medication are required to obtain the same therapeutic response Physical Dependence CORRECT ANS... [Show More] WER the body gets used to the drug and you cannot stop it abruptly or else withdrawal will happen. Have to wean person off drug Addiction CORRECT ANSWER the patient takes the medication not as prescribed, often for pleasure Most patients... CORRECT ANSWER take opioid medications as prescribed without any issues PCA pump CORRECT ANSWER Patient controlled analgesic administered intravenously with a machine and a button. How do PCAs Pumps work? CORRECT ANSWER The patient presses a button and they will get medication. They can only press the button a certain amount of times per hour. PCA pump order example CORRECT ANSWER Patient can get 1 mg every 8 minutes, but no more than 5 doses per hour -There are certain lock out features on the pump that will not allow patient medication if they take too many doses. PCA pump education CORRECT ANSWER The patient may only press PCA button, not family or visitors, even if they think patient in pain. Medication often given via PCA pump: CORRECT ANSWER Morphine Opioid Antidote CORRECT ANSWER Naloxone Adverse effects from opioid use: CORRECT ANSWER respiratory depression constipation urinary retention orthostatic hypotension biliary colic- muscle spasm emesis miosis cough suppression increased ICP itchiness 1st generation antihistamine CORRECT ANSWER diphenhydramine diphenhydramine will... CORRECT ANSWER make patient sleepy when they take it 2nd generation antihistamines are: CORRECT ANSWER non-drowsy What do we need to educate patient when they take diphenhydramine? CORRECT ANSWER take in evening before bedtime since it can make patient sleepy. they should take 2nd generation antihistamine in the morning if they need it. if they accidentally take it in the morning, they must be advised it will make them sleepy! No driving! What should patient do if they have daytime sleepiness often CORRECT ANSWER report it to the HCP as there are many medications out there to help with that. Helps to determine cause also! 2nd generation antihistamines (non-drowsy) names? CORRECT ANSWER Cetirizine Fenofexadine Loratadine Antidote for acetaminophen CORRECT ANSWER acetylcysteine Adverse effects for acetaminophen CORRECT ANSWER Very few at normal disease Steven Johnsons Syndrome: full body rash from the medication use. Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis: pustules erupt due to drug usage Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: skin peeling and blistering due to medication use Hepatotoxicity what should we never take when we use acetaminophen? CORRECT ANSWER alcohol Early s/s of acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER N, V, D, sweating, ABD pain Late s.s of acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER hepatic failure, coma, death What will happen when we give acetylcysteine for acetaminophen toxicity CORRECT ANSWER all the toxicity s/s will reverse What might happen if the patient taking a steroid stops taking it cold turkey? CORRECT ANSWER they cannot produce own since adrenal insufficiency occur so they may die from the response! Must wean and taper! Cushing syndrome is similar to steroid use. What are S/S of Cushing's Syndrome? CORRECT ANSWER moon face buffalo hump osteoporosis hirsutism obesity thin skin striae ecchymosis and purport amenorrhea high blood glucose high BP What should patient taking steroids wear? CORRECT ANSWER medical alert bracelet What must patient keep on them at all times? CORRECT ANSWER Scripts for steroid refill or extra pills! They cannot run out! A patient taking steroids comes down with the flu. The nurse in the clinic may tell the patient to do what? CORRECT ANSWER Take extra dose of steroids as extra stress situations or illness may need extra steroids and cortisol to help! A patient leaving the hospital questions the nurse about why he has to use insulin while he is at home since her is not a diabetic, but is taking a steroid. What must the nurse educate here? CORRECT ANSWER Steroids cause hyperglycemia. He must take his blood sugar and use insulin to correct it as needed. Adverse effects of steroid use CORRECT ANSWER Hyperglycemia Slows growth in children hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and edema Adrenal insuffiency Osteoporosis Pneumonia from immunosuppression Myopathy- increase in muscle due to enlargement Psychological s/s like memory issues and confusion and depression Cataracts and glaucoma PUD [Show Less]
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PATHO NR 283 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWER
What are the manifestations of pernicious anemias? CORRECT ANSWER - Enlarged, red, sore, shiny tongue - Digestive discomfort - nausea - Diarrhea - ... [Show More] tingling/ burning sensation - Ataxia What is thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER low platelet count What is Petechiae? CORRECT ANSWER -Flat, red, pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin that tends to bleed excessively Where does thrombocytopenia bleeding commonly occur? CORRECT ANSWER in the mouth who normally gets thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - acute viral infections in children 6 months or younger - autoimmune reactions in adults What autoimmune diseases cause thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Who normally is at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - Adults - Mainly young women - HIV patients What normally puts someone at risk for chronic thrombocytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER - HIV infections - hepatomegaly - splenomegaly - Some drugs What are the characteristics of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Red blood cells have a short life span - Megaloblasts What is a megaloblast? CORRECT ANSWER immature nucleated blood cells What is the pathophysiology of pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Deficiency of intrinsic factor in gastric secretions resulting in decreased vitamin B12 absorption What are some interventions that will treat pernicious anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Oral supplements - Vitamin B12 injections (replacement therapy) What are characteristics of the red blood cells in Iron deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC will be microcytic - RBC will be hypochromic - Decreased hemoglobin production What does microcytic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Small cells What does hypochromic mean? CORRECT ANSWER Less color What is the etiology of Iron Deficiency anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Decrease dietary intake of iron (malnutrition) - Malabsorption of iron - blood loss - Severe liver disease What treatments can be used to treat Iron Deficiency Anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Iron supplements - Iron rich foods - Treat underlining cause of iron deficiency What are characteristics of the RBC in Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER -RBC elongate -RBC harden when O2 levels are low -RBC turn into a sickle shape -RBC have short lifespan What is the etiology of Sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Autosomal recessive inheritance What is the treatments one can utilize for sickle-cell anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - Use of hydroxyurea - Dietary supplementation with folic acid (Folate) - Avoid strenuous activity - Avoid high altitudes - Treatment of symptoms What is the characteristics of RBC in Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - RBC are often normal - RBC tend to by pancytopenia What is pancytopenia? CORRECT ANSWER decrease in RBC numbers What causes Aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER Bone marrow damage or failure How can one treat aplastic anemia? CORRECT ANSWER - treat underlying cause - removal of bone marrow suppressant drugs - blood transfusion - Bone marrow transplantation in younger patients - Chemotherapy - Radiation - Stem cells What is leukemia? CORRECT ANSWER Undifferentiated immature, unfunctional cells that multiply uncontrollably in bone marrow causes a large quantity to be released into blood circulation - infiltrates lymph nodes, liver, brain, and other organs What is hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER A genetic blood-clotting disorder related to a deficit of factor VIII What is the bleeding time / PT test results in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are normal What tests are prolonged times in patients with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER -PTT -APTT -Coagulation time What are the serum levels and factor VIII levels in a patient with hemophilia A? CORRECT ANSWER Results are low What is orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER difficulty breathing while lying down What causes orthopnea? CORRECT ANSWER increase in fluid accumulation in lungs in recumbent positions How does plague form in atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER - Endothelial injury causes inflammation leading to elevated CRP levels - WBC and lipids accumulate in the intima and in the muscle layer - smooth muscle cells begin to multiply - Plaque forms and inflammation persists - platelets adhere to arterial wall causes a thrombus to form - lipids continue to build up / fibrous tissue begins to build up which causes more platelets to adhere -Platelets release prostaglandin that causes inflammation to worsen What WBC accumulate during atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER Monocytes macrophages What are risk factors associated with atherosclerosis? CORRECT ANSWER -smoking -obesity -diabetes -family history What are the categories of Angina pectoris? CORRECT ANSWER -Classic (exertional) -variant -unstable what is variant angina? CORRECT ANSWER vasospasm occurring at rest What is unstable angina? CORRECT ANSWER -prolonged chest pain at rest -may precede myocardial infarction What are manifestations of anginas? CORRECT ANSWER - pallor skin color - diaphoresis - nausea - chest pain - varying severity of pain with attacks What is the manifestations of right-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER - would show systemic signs and symptoms -swelling of the ankles -swelling of lower extremities What are the manifestations of left-sided heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER -symptoms would be related to lungs (pulmonary symptoms) - shortness of breath on exertion or laying down What is hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER High blood pressure consisting over 140/90 What is the three classifications of hyper tension? CORRECT ANSWER Primary (essential) hypertension Secondary hypertension malignant (resistant) hypertension What is primary (essential) hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - 95% of all cases - onset usually <55 yrs. old What is secondary hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -results from renal or endocrine disease -can result from pheochromocytoma What is a malignant hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER A hypertensive emergency with extremely high blood pressure What is pheochromocytoma? CORRECT ANSWER tumor of the adrenal medulla What are some manifestations of hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue -malaise -Morning headache -BP constantly above 140/90 What are some interventions with hypertension? CORRECT ANSWER - life style changes - reduction in salt - reduce BMI - increase cardiovascular fitness What is varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER --irregular dilated and tortuous areas of superficial or deep veins -commonly found in lower extremities What is the cause of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - defect or weakness in the vein walls or valves - weakness of vein walls from familial history -trauma -intravenous administration of fluids - thrombophlebitis -standing for long periods of time -crossing legs -weight lifting What are some signs of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER -superficial varicosities on legs that appear as irregular, purplish bulging structures -edema in feet -fatigue -aching pain -shiny, pigmented and hairless skin What are some treatments of varicose veins? CORRECT ANSWER - keep legs elevated - supportive stockings - avoid restrictive clothing - avoid crossing legs [Show Less]
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