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NCE and CPCE Study Guide (4 sets) Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT
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NCE and CPCE Study Guide 247 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT
NCE and CPCE Study Guide 247 Questions with Verified Answers What does CACREP stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER the Council for the Accreditation and Cou... [Show More] nseling Related Educational Programs What does CCE stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Center for Credentialing and Education, inc What does REBT stand for and who is the main theorist associated with it? - CORRECT ANSWER Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy; Ellis. Name Freud's Psychosexual stages of development. - CORRECT ANSWER Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital. (Mnemonic device: Oh, Anthony, Please Let's Go!) Describe Erik Erikson's stages. - CORRECT ANSWER Erik Erikson is an Ego psychologist and a disciple of Freud. His 8 stages focus on social relationships, therefore they are called psychosocial. Each stage has a crisis that must be overcome in order to move on to the next stage. His stages are Trust v. Mistrust; Autonomy v. Shame/doubt; Industry v. Inferiority; Initiative vs. Guilt; Identity v. Role confusion; Intimacy v. Isolation; Generativity vs. Stagnation; Integrity vs. Despair. (Mnemonic device: The Air In Iceland Is Icy, Greenland Isn't.) define psychometric. - CORRECT ANSWER pertaining to mental testing and measurement define psychodiagnostic - CORRECT ANSWER the study of personality through interpretation of behavior and non-verbal cues; or labeling a client in a diagnostic category. define psychopharmacology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of the effects drugs have on psychological functions. What is the id? - CORRECT ANSWER the basic instinct principle in Freudian theory. It is the seat of aggression and sexual impulse. It is devoid of logic and time orientation. It is chaotic and bodily focused. What is the ego? - CORRECT ANSWER this is the reality principle in Freudian theory. It indicates power of reasoning and control over behavior. It helps keep the impulses of the id in check. What is the superego? - CORRECT ANSWER the superego is the moralistic and idealistic principle in the Freudian theory. Which group of theorists believe "if you can't measure it, it doesn't exist"? - CORRECT ANSWER Behaviorists. They focus on O.O.B. The observable, objective behaviors. (My AP psych teacher in HS called it the O.O.B. tampon. gross, but it helped me remember it!) Who is the only psychoanalyst with a developmental theory that covered the entire lifespan? - CORRECT ANSWER Erik Erikson's Psychosocial stages covered the entire lifespan. Each stage has a crisis or turning point. What theory is A. A. Brill associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER Career theory Milton H. Erickson is associated with... - CORRECT ANSWER Brief psychotherapy and hypnosis. What field is Jean Piaget associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive Child Development Who is Jay Haley and what is the nature of his contribution to counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Haley is most famous for his work on strategic and problem-solving therapy, more specifically with his use of the paradox technique. He also studied with Milton Erickson. Arnold Lazarus - CORRECT ANSWER He is a known behavioral therapist who worked specifically with methods of desensitization and phobias. He is most associated with Multimodal Therapy. William Perry - CORRECT ANSWER He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifically with college students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking" among college students, where everything is either black or white. (Memory technique: think of Katy Perry's song Hot and Cold to associate Perry with dualism.) Ed Neukrug - CORRECT ANSWER Also a cognitive developmentalist. His work is similar to Perry's. He noted that college students initially think that their professor has all the answers (dualistic), but gradually get to a more relativistic way of thinking and realize that answers exist that are relative to a given situation. (Memory technique: "What do you THINK about Ed nuking the rug??" Think= cognitive dev, Ed Neukrug.) Robert Kegan - CORRECT ANSWER Yet another adult cognitive developmentalist. SPecifically with interpersonal development. His theory was called the Constructive Model of Development- people construct reality throughout the lifespan. What are Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development in order? - CORRECT ANSWER Sensorimotor; Preoperational; Concrete; Formal. These stages must occur in order, but may be experienced at varying ages. What is the major critique of Jean Piaget's research? - CORRECT ANSWER He spent too much time observing his own kids, and thus drawing his conclusions from a small, specific, population. Who formulated the very first intelligence test? - CORRECT ANSWER Alfred Binet. In France. Oh la la! What is a t test? - CORRECT ANSWER Also known as the Student's t, it is a statistical test used in formal experiments to determine if a statistical significance exists between the means of two normally distributed groups. Define Conservation. - CORRECT ANSWER A substance's mass, weight, and volume remain the same even if it changes shape. It most likely refers to volume and mass, though. A child who has not mastered this concept will not have flexible thinking. (Mastered during Piaget's Concrete Operational stage 7-11 years) Symbolic Schema - CORRECT ANSWER A schema is a system where the child tests out things in the physical world. An example of a symbolic schema is when a child uses a pie plate as a steering wheel (because it fits into the schema they have created for "Steering Wheel") This occurs in the Preoperational Stage. David Elkind's research supports what Piagetian concept? - CORRECT ANSWER Elkind's statistical research supports Piaget's principle of conservation, with mass being the first and most easily understood concept for children, followed by weight and volume respectively. Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of what type of development? - CORRECT ANSWER Moral development. Define Epigenetic - CORRECT ANSWER Epigenetic is the biological term borrowed from embryology. Each stage emerges from the one before it. It is systematic and follows a specific order. Who is the father of American Behaviorism? - CORRECT ANSWER John B. Watson. He coined the term "behaviorism" in 1912. define Reversability. - CORRECT ANSWER the notion that one can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial shape. Lev Vygotsky disagreed with Piaget's theory on what point(s)? - CORRECT ANSWER He did not think that developmental stages take place naturally, rather the stages unfold due to educational intervention. What theorists are considered to have epigenetic theories? - CORRECT ANSWER Kohlberg, Erikson, and Maslow. Who is the leading theorist of Moral Development? - CORRECT ANSWER Lawrence Kohlberg A 6 year old child in Preoperational thought said, "the rain is following me". This is an example of what characteristic? - CORRECT ANSWER Egocentrism: a child cannot view the world from the vantage point of another person. Name Kohlberg's stages of moral development. - CORRECT ANSWER Preconventional, Conventional, and Post-Conventional The Post-Conventional stage is also called the.... - CORRECT ANSWER Personal Integrity, or Morality of Self-Accepted Principles level What is the Heinz Story designed to help assess? - CORRECT ANSWER It is part of Kohlberg's morality development model and it is designed to help assess the level of morality a person has achieved by their reactions and reasonings based on the Heinz scenario. Who is the father of Analytic Psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER Carl Jung Who is the father of Psychoanalysis? - CORRECT ANSWER Sigmund Freud What is biofeedback? - CORRECT ANSWER Biofeedback is a technique utilized to help individuals learn to control bodily processes more effectively. The most ground-breaking work in this area occurred at the Menninger Clinic in Kansas, even though it is a traditional psychoanalytic foothold. From who's work do we get the term "identity crisis"? - CORRECT ANSWER Erik Erikson, because his psychosocial stages involve a crisis in order to proceed to the next stage. RS factors - CORRECT ANSWER RS stands for Religious and Spiritual. RS factors are often examined by counselors who are attempting to integrate the practice of "positive psychology" into their work. What is Positive Psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER a term coined by Abraham Maslow (humanistic perspective) and popularized by Martin Segliman, refers to the study of human strengths such as joy, wisdom, altruism, ability to love, and happiness. What concept is Martin Segliman known for? - CORRECT ANSWER The concept of Learned Helplessness- in the cases of abuse or maltreatment, humans and animals can be trained to think "there is no way out" even if one is clearly present. What branch of psychology is Alfred Adler known for? - CORRECT ANSWER he is the founder of Individual Psychology, and stresses the inferiority complex. What are the charateristics of Kohlberg's Preconventional stage of moral development? - CORRECT ANSWER child responds to consequences. Reward and punishment influence behavior. What are the charateristics of Kohlberg's Conventional stage? - CORRECT ANSWER individual wants to meet the standards of family, society, and the nation. What are the characteristics of Kohlberg's Postconventional stage? - CORRECT ANSWER (also known as self-accepted stage) individual is concerned with universal, ethical principles of justice, dignity, and equality of human rights, where the common good is a key issue. (He did not believe that most people reached this level) Approximately how many middle class urban males did Kohlberg think would reach the Postconventional level? - CORRECT ANSWER under 40%. What are some examples of people believed to have reached the Postconventional stage of moral development? - CORRECT ANSWER Ghandi, Socrates, Martin Luther King, Jr. What is the first stage of Erikson's Psychosocial stages? - CORRECT ANSWER Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 1 year) Harry Stack Sullivan - CORRECT ANSWER postulated the stages of infancy, childhood, juvenile, preadolescence, early adolescence, and late adolescence. what is Psychiatry of Interpersonal Relations? - CORRECT ANSWER similar to Erikson, biological determination is seen as less important than interpersonal issues and the soci-cultural demands of society A person who has mastered Erikson's first 7 stages would then enter into which stage? - CORRECT ANSWER Integrity vs. Despair (60-death) Integrity implies the individual is mostly satisfied with life and feels it has been worthwhile. What is a Periodic Fugue State? - CORRECT ANSWER an individual experiencing amnesia leaves home, often with the intention of changing jobs and identities. (I have no idea why we would ever need to know this, unless we decided to quit counseling, move to Hollywood, and become screen writers...) Counter-Conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER A behavioristic technique in which the goal is to weaken or eliinate a learned response by pairing it with a stronger or desirable response. (systematic desensitization by Arnold Lazarus is a good example) Good boy/good girl orientation - CORRECT ANSWER is a sublevel of the conventional stage of moral development in which a person is concerned with approbation and the ability to please others in order to achieve recognition. Hedonism - CORRECT ANSWER a concept that arises in the preconventional stage of moral development. the child thinks, "if I am nice to others, others will be nice and give me what I want". What is the Zone of Proximal Development - CORRECT ANSWER pioneered by Lev Vygotsky; describes the difference between a child's performance on a task without the aid of a teacher, and his performance with the aid of a teacher. (natural capacity vs. capacity through learning) what theory is organ inferiority associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER Alfred Adler's individual psychology. Maturationist Theory - CORRECT ANSWER behavior is guided exclusively by hereditary factors, but certain behaviors will not manifest themselves until the necessary stimuli are present in the environment. ALso suggests that neural development must reach a certain level of maturity for the behavior to unfold. What would be the primary goal of a maturationist counselor? - CORRECT ANSWER to unleash the inborn abilities, instincts, and drives of the client. The client's childhood and past are seen as important therapeutic topics. John Bowlby - CORRECT ANSWER he is most associated with attachment and bonding theory. HE though that attachment had a survival value, called adaptive significance. He suggested that a child must bond with an adult before the age of 3 in order to live a healthy social life. object loss - CORRECT ANSWER Bowlby- if a child does not make an attachment to an adult before the age of 3, he will suffer object loss, which is said to be the breeding ground for abnormal behaviors. symbiosis - CORRECT ANSWER Mahler's term for a child's absolute dependence on a female caregiver. Difficulties in symbiotic relationship can result in adult psychosis. In what stage and age does the "midlife crisis" occur? - CORRECT ANSWER Erikson's Generativity vs. Stagnation (or Self-Absorption) stage. Occurs between the ages of 35-45 for men and 5 years earlier for women. It begins when they realize their lives are half way over and seek to change the goals and aspirations they have not yet realized. Generativity= productive, happy, looks out for others. Daniel Levinson - CORRECT ANSWER wrote Seasons of a Man's Life and Seasons of a Woman's Life. He viewed midlife crises as positive things, stating that those who do not face a midlife crisis could become stagnant later in life- avoiding the crises could lead to a lack of vitality later. Harry Harlow - CORRECT ANSWER the researcher known for his work with maternal deprivation and rhesus monkeys. He believed that attachment is an innate tendancy. Monkeys in isolation developed abnormal behaviors, and showed signs of dysfunction when placed with normal monkeys. Who continued Harlow's research and provided evidence to support his attachment theories extend to humans? - CORRECT ANSWER Rene Spitz- noted that kids raised in impersonal institutions cried more, had trouble sleeping,had more health-related issues, and developed anaclitic depression. Anaclitic Depression - CORRECT ANSWER term coined by Rene Spitz denoting infants that are raising in an isolating environment have trouble forming close relationships in life. Arnold Gesnell - CORRECT ANSWER maturationist; pioneer in using 1 way mirrors for observing children. He believed that development was determined by genetics, therefore a child must be ready in order to accept a certain level of education. What are Freud's Stages considered? - CORRECT ANSWER Psychosexual (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) What are Erik Erikson's Stages considered? - CORRECT ANSWER Psychosocial (Birth-18 months: Trust vs. Mistrust, 18 months-3 years: Autonomy vs. Shame, 3-5: Initiative vs. Guilt, 6-12: Industry vs. Inferiority, 12-18: Identity vs. Role Confusion, 18-35: Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation, 35-55/65: Generativity vs. Self-absorption or Stagnation, 55/65-Death: Integrity vs. Despair What is emphasized in Freudian Theory? - CORRECT ANSWER Instincts What is emphasized with Ego psychologist (like Erik Erikson)? - CORRECT ANSWER man's powers of reasoning to control behavior Who created a developmental theory that encompasses the entire life span? - CORRECT ANSWER Erik Erikson What does Freud also call the pleasure principle and houses the animalistic instincts? - CORRECT ANSWER The id What is also known as the reality principle? - CORRECT ANSWER The Ego What concept does William Perry stress? - CORRECT ANSWER Dualistic Thinking What is Dualistic Thinking? - CORRECT ANSWER common in teens things are conceptualized as good or bad, right or wrong. Very black or white. What is relativistic thinking? - CORRECT ANSWER Happens in adulthood where an individual now has the ability to understand not everything is right or wrong, but an answer can exist for a specific situation. There is more then one way to view the world. What does Robert Kegan stress? - CORRECT ANSWER A model on Interpersonal Development What is Interpersonal Development? - CORRECT ANSWER A "Constructive Model of Development" meaning individuals construct reality throughout the lifespan. List Jean Piaget's stages in order. - CORRECT ANSWER Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations. What does conservation mean in Piaget's theory? - CORRECT ANSWER the notion that a substance's weight, mass, and volume remain the same even if it changes shape. According to Piaget when does a child master conservation? - CORRECT ANSWER During Concrete Operations Stage (7-11 years old). This occurs during the time they are able to count mentally as well. Who is the leading theorist in Moral Development? - CORRECT ANSWER Lawrence Kohlberg Who expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of Moral Development? - CORRECT ANSWER Lawrence Kohlberg According to Lev Vygotsky why do stages unfold? - CORRECT ANSWER Due to educational intervention Define Epigenetic. - CORRECT ANSWER Each developmental stage emerges from the one before it. Who is the father of American Behaviorism? - CORRECT ANSWER John B. Watson (he coined Behaviorism in 1912). Define the concept of reversibility and when does it occur according to Piaget? - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs in the 3rd Stage, Concrete Operations. Says one can undo an action, hence an object can return to it's initial shape. How are kids generally in Piaget's Preoperational Thought Stage? - CORRECT ANSWER Egocentric (the rain is following me). The child can not view the world from the vantage point of someone else. How many levels of moral development does Kohlberg's Theory have and name them? - CORRECT ANSWER Three Levels. Preconventional, Convential, and Postconventional. (Each level is then broken down into two stages). What does the Heinz Story do for Kohlberg? - CORRECT ANSWER It is a way to assess the level and stage of moral development one is at. Where does the term "Identity Crisis" come from? - CORRECT ANSWER Erik Erikcon What is Alfred Adler the founder of? - CORRECT ANSWER Individual Psychology, which stresses the inferiority complex. Describe each of Kohlberg's Level of Morality. - CORRECT ANSWER Preconvential- child responds to consequences, reward and punishment play a big role here. Conventional- individual wants to meet the standards of the family, society, and even the nation. Postconvential- hard to reach. Individual is concerned with universal, ethical principles of justice, dignity, and equality of human rights. A key issue is the common good of society. What is Harry Stack Sullivan's Theory? - CORRECT ANSWER Psychiatry of Interpersonal Relations. Biological determination is seen as less important then interpersonal issues and the sociocultural demands of society. (similar to Erik Erikson's) In Kohlberg's first or preconvential level what is the individual's moral behavior guided by? - CORRECT ANSWER Consequences What did Lev Vygotsky pioneer? - CORRECT ANSWER The Zone of Proximal Development (it describes the difference between a child's performance without a teacher vs. that which he or she is capable of with an instructor). What can Frued and Erikson be classified as? - CORRECT ANSWER Maturationists. The client's childhood and past are seen as important therapeutic topics. John Bowlby's name is most closely associated with what? - CORRECT ANSWER Bonding and attachment. He believes a child must have a bond with an adult by age 3 and if this bond is lost at an early age it is called "object loss." In which Erikson stage does the midlife crisis occur? - CORRECT ANSWER Generativity vs. Stagnation What is Harry Harlow known for? - CORRECT ANSWER His work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys. He believed that attachment was an innate tendency and not one which is learned. What was Freud's structural Theory of the mind? - CORRECT ANSWER Id, Ego, and Superego What does Manifest mean? - CORRECT ANSWER Describes the dream material as it is presented to the dreamer. What does Latent content mean? - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to the hidden meaning of the dream (which is seen as far more important by the Freudians). When is the fear of death greatest? - CORRECT ANSWER Middle Age In Freudian Theory when does attachment being a major factor evolve? - CORRECT ANSWER During the Oral Stage, the first psychosexual stage. What did Stanley Coopersmith find? - CORRECT ANSWER That child-rearing methods seem to have tremendous impact on self-esteem. Define Cephalocaudal. - CORRECT ANSWER Head to foot. What is the Oedipus Complex and when does it occur in Freud's Stages of Development? - CORRECT ANSWER The boy's wish to marry his mother and rage toward his father. It occurs during the phallic stage (ages 3-5 years old). Define Electra Complex. - CORRECT ANSWER When the female child fantasizes about sexual relations with the parent of the opposite sex. Who is the Father of Psychoanalysis? - CORRECT ANSWER Freud What do Empiricists believe? - CORRECT ANSWER That development merely consists of quantitative changes. Scientists can only learn from objective facts. Experience is the source of acquiring knowledge. The forerunner of behaviorism. Who thought up Empiricism? - CORRECT ANSWER John Locke A theorist who believes developmental strides are qualitative is? - CORRECT ANSWER A Organicism. (Gestalt psychologists) According to Piaget, what stage do reflexes play the greatest role in? - CORRECT ANSWER The first one, the Sensorimotor Stage. This is also where "object permanence" is emphasized. What does Ethology refer to and whose work is it associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER It means the study of animals behavior in their natural environment. It's associated with Konrad Lorenz. Define centration and what stage of Piaget's does it occur in? - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs in the preoperational stage. Characterized by focusing on a key feature of a given object without noticing the rest of it. Who is the Father of Reality Theory? - CORRECT ANSWER William Glasser During what Piaget Stage do children acquire a symbolic schema? - CORRECT ANSWER Preoperational Stage (2-7 years old). Define Negative Reinforcement. - CORRECT ANSWER When the removal of a stimulus increases the probability that an antecedent behavior will occur. Define Positive Reinforcement. - CORRECT ANSWER The addition of a stimulus strengthens or increases a behavior. What does BASIC-ID stand for and who thought up this acronym? - CORRECT ANSWER Behavior Affective Responses Sensations Imagery Cognitions Interpersonal Relationships Drugs By behaviorist Arnold Lazarus Define Animism as it pertains to Piaget's developmental stages in children. - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs when a child acts as if nonliving objects have lifelike abilities or tendencies. It occurs in the Preoperational Period (2-7 years old). A rock or car can talk to them. Who is the Father of Analytic Psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER C.G. Jung Define Ego Identity as associated with Erik Erikson. - CORRECT ANSWER Associated with is fifth stage, identity vs. role confusion. When an adolescent is able to integrate all his or her previous roles into a single self-concept this is achieved. Which theorist was most concerned with Maternal deprivation? - CORRECT ANSWER Harry Harlow (worked with the monkeys) Who developed REBT? - CORRECT ANSWER Albert Ellis (teacher clients to think in a more scientific and logical manner) Who pioneered the technique of systematic desensitization? - CORRECT ANSWER Joseph Wolpe (a behavioristic technique used to ameliorate phobic reactions) Where did Freud believe morality developed from? - CORRECT ANSWER The Superego. (composed of the shoulds, oughts, and musts aka The Parent Ego) Who is the Father of Guidance? - CORRECT ANSWER Frank Parsons Define imprinting as believed by Konrad Lorenz. - CORRECT ANSWER An instinct in which a newborn will follow a moving object. Define Equilibration. - CORRECT ANSWER The balance between assimilation and accommodation. (Piaget) As defined by Robert Kegan, what does a "holding environment" mean? - CORRECT ANSWER A place where the client can make meaning in the face of a crisis and can find new direction. Name Robert Kegan's 6 Stages of Life Span Development. - CORRECT ANSWER Incorporative, impulsive, imperial, interpersonal, institutional, and interindividual. Name 6 things Culture Refers to. - CORRECT ANSWER Customs, Values, Attitudes, belief, art, and language. What two theorists believe in the "Innate aggression theory?" - CORRECT ANSWER Freud and Lorenz ("Instinct Theorist") Who wrote Seasons of a Man's Life and Season's of a Women's Life? - CORRECT ANSWER Daniel Levinson Why was Carol Gilligan critical of Kohlberg's Theory? - CORRECT ANSWER She felt it was more applicable to males then females. Define Prognosis - CORRECT ANSWER What a counselor means when they speak of the probable outcome in a case. It refers to the probability that one can recover from a condition. Who is the frustration-aggression theory associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER John Dollard and Neal Miller (believe frustration leads to aggression). What theory did Festinger come up with? - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive Dissonance Theory (a popular balance theory in social psychology) Define Mores (Social and Cultural Foundations Chapter). - CORRECT ANSWER Beliefs regarding the rightness or wrongness of behavior. Explain the difference between Mores and Folkways. - CORRECT ANSWER If you break a Mos (mores is plural form) then you are causing harm to others or threatening the existence of the group (robbing a bank). If you break a Folkway generally it results only in embarrassment (drinking soup out of a communal bowl). Define Folkways. - CORRECT ANSWER Correct, normal, or habitual behavior. Who is considered the first social reformer (along with their associates) concerned with guidance in the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER Frank Parsons (wrote Choosing a Vocation) What does Emory Bogardus' social distance scale evaluate? - CORRECT ANSWER How an individual feels about other ethnic groups. Name the two steps of the foot-in-the-door technique. - CORRECT ANSWER Step 1: Get the person to first agree to a less repugnant request Step 2: He or she will be more likely to comply with a request which is even more distasteful. How is a culture defined? - CORRECT ANSWER Primarily via norms and values. How does a society differ from a culture? - CORRECT ANSWER A society is a self-perpetuating independent group which occupies a definitive territory. Define Ethnocentrism. - CORRECT ANSWER when one uses their own culture as a yardstick to measure all others. Conveys the notion that one's own group is superior. Define Modal Personality. - CORRECT ANSWER the personality which is characteristic or typical of the group in question. What does the Cognitive Dissonance Theory predict? - CORRECT ANSWER The person will look for things which are consistent with his or her behavior. What type of model works best with persons who respond well to an authority figure? - CORRECT ANSWER An Active-Directive Model. What does Cognitive Dissonance Research deal mainly with? - CORRECT ANSWER Cognition and Attitude formation. What type of counseling has been used more then other models to help promote understanding between cultures and races? - CORRECT ANSWER Rogerian Person-Centered counseling. What are three major barriers to intercultural counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.- Culture-Bond Values 2.- Class-Bound Values 3.- Language Differences Define Emic (multicultural counseling). - CORRECT ANSWER This viewpoint emphasizes that each client is an individual with individual differences. Very culture-specific on how you work with each client. Define Etic (multicultural counseling). - CORRECT ANSWER This viewpoint adheres to the theory that humans are humans, regardless of background and culture-thus the same theories and techniques can be applied to any client the counselor helps. Talk about the difference of autoplastic/alloplastic viewpoints when it pertains to intercultural helping. - CORRECT ANSWER Autoplastic- asserts that change comes from within. Alloplastic- the client can cope best by changing or altering external factors in the environment. What did R.H. Allport create? - CORRECT ANSWER The concept of social facilitation. What is the concept of social facilitation? - CORRECT ANSWER Proves that a person will perform better at a task when he or she is part of a group. Even when no verbal interaction. (number example in book) In social psychology what does the sleeper effect assert? - CORRECT ANSWER That after a period of time, one forgets the communicator but remembers the message. The communication may have more impact after some times has passed. What two authors helped to introduce social psychology in America? - CORRECT ANSWER McDougall and Ross. Who coined the term Group Therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Jacob Moreno. What noted psychologist is associated with obedience and authority? - CORRECT ANSWER Stanley Milgram (disturbing shock therapy example in book). Define Dysthymia as in the DSM. - CORRECT ANSWER A longstanding depressed mood (1 year for children/adolescents and 2 years for adults). AKA neurotic depression or depressive neurosis. Name the three basic categories of conflict. - CORRECT ANSWER 1.- Approach-Approach Conflict (easiest to help client work through and least anxiety involved) 2.- Approach-Avoidance Conflict (presents a positive factor with a negative factor) 3.- Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict (two negative alternatives) What did the "Robbers' Cave Experiment" conclude? - CORRECT ANSWER That the most effective way to reduce hostility between groups is to give them an alternative goal that requires a joint effort by both groups together. Define acculturation. - CORRECT ANSWER Integrating one's own cultural beliefs and behaviors with the dominant culture. What is converion/reparative therapy intended to do? - CORRECT ANSWER Convert homosexuals to heterosexuals. What did Alfred Adler create? Father of what? - CORRECT ANSWER Individual Psychology. What did Carl Jung create? Father of what? - CORRECT ANSWER Analytic Psychology. Name Eric Berne's (Father of Transactional Analysis) 3 Ego States of Transactional Analysis (TA). - CORRECT ANSWER The Child, the Adult, the Parent. In TA what is the conscience, or ego, state concerned with moral behavior? What is it in Freudian Theory? - CORRECT ANSWER Parent in TA Superego in Freudian Theory Define Transference. - CORRECT ANSWER When the client displaces emotion felt toward a significant other onto the analyst, counselor, or therapist. What is the Ego refered to as by Freudians? - CORRECT ANSWER The executive administrator of the personality and the reality principle. The mediator. In Freudian Theory a client who threatens a self-destructive act is being ruled primarily by who? - CORRECT ANSWER Thanatos. What means love of the life in Freudian Theory? - CORRECT ANSWER Eros. Define Free Association. - CORRECT ANSWER Instructing the client to say whatever comes to mind. Dreams have what two forms of content? - CORRECT ANSWER Manifest and latent. Manifest is the surface content. Latent is hidden meaning. Describe the little Albert experiment, who did it, and what it showed. - CORRECT ANSWER Little Albert was conditioned to have a fear of furry animals. John Watson did this and it proved a behavioristic concept that fears are learned. What type of counseling uses less sessions, no couch, and more face-to-face time then classical psychoanalysis? - CORRECT ANSWER Psychodynamic Counseling T or F: Rogerians do not emphasize diagnosis or giving advice. - CORRECT ANSWER True What 3 things does Freud's Structural Theory of the personality consist of? - CORRECT ANSWER Id, ego, and the superego. What is the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS)? - CORRECT ANSWER A concept used in forming a hierarchy to perform Wolpe's systematic desensitization (a rating system 0-100 to rate the most threatening situation). What is the conscious mind aware of? - CORRECT ANSWER The immediate environment. What is the preconscious mind capable of? - CORRECT ANSWER Bringing ideas, images, and thoughts into awareness with minimal difficulty. It can access information from the conscious and unconscious mind. What is the unconscious mind composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER Material which is normally unknown or hidden from the client. Define Reaction Formation. - CORRECT ANSWER When a person can't accept a given impulse and thus behaves in the opposite manner. when the person acts the opposite of the way he or she actually feels. (porn example in book). Define Sublimation. - CORRECT ANSWER When a person acts out an unconscious impulse in a socially acceptable way. For example.: an aggressive person becomes a boxer. What defense mechanism occurs when the person attributes unacceptable qualities of his or her own to others? - CORRECT ANSWER Projection. What is the oldest major form of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Freud's psychoanalysis. What is the purpose of interpretation in counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER The make the clients aware of their unconscious processes. Whose work relates mainly to Organ Inferiority? - CORRECT ANSWER Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology Define Organ Inferiority. - CORRECT ANSWER Organ inferiority was a term coined by Alfred Adler ,the famous psychologist, to describe how people who found themselves born with certain psychical defects develop feelings of inferiority and start taking actions to compensate for their weaknesses. Who is the Father of Analytic Psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER Carl Jung. Jung used drawings balanced around a center point to analyze himself, his clients, and dreams. What are these called? - CORRECT ANSWER Mandalas. Name some Neo-Freudian Counselors. - CORRECT ANSWER Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Erik Erikson, Harry Stack Sullivan, Erich Fromm. What did Neo-Freudians emphasize that contrasted with Freud? - CORRECT ANSWER Social Factors. (Cultural issues, interpersonal relations. Define Archetypes. - CORRECT ANSWER The material that makes up the collective unconscious, which is passed from generation to generation. Jung spoke of this. What is an Eclectic Counselor? - CORRECT ANSWER One who attempts to choose the best theoretical approach based on the client's attributes, resources, and situation. Define Associationism and who are the pioneers? - CORRECT ANSWER This asserts that ideas are held together by associations. John Locke, David Hume, James Mill, David Hartley. B.F. Skinner's Reinforcement Theory elaborated on what other theory? - CORRECT ANSWER Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect. What is the "law of effect?" - CORRECT ANSWER That responses accompanied by satisfaction will be repeated, while those which produce unpleasantness or discomfort will be stamped out. What are the 7 Key Modalities of Lazarus' BASICID? - CORRECT ANSWER B=behavior including acts, habits. and reactions. A=affective responses such as emotions, feelings, and mood S=sensations, including hearing, touch, sight, smell, and taste I=images/the way we perceive ourselves, including memories and dreams C=Cognitions, such as our thoughts, insights, and even our philosophy of life I=interpersonal relationships (the way we interact with others) D=Drugs, that would include alcohol, legal, illegal, and prescription drug usage, diet and nutritional supplementation. Who did Classical Conditioning? - CORRECT ANSWER Ivan Pavlov An association that Naturally exists is called what? - CORRECT ANSWER Unconditioned. What else is Skinner's operant conditioning referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWER Instrumental Learning. What is Pavlovian Conditioning referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWER Respondent (reflexes). What is Skinner's conditioning referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWER Instrumental/operant. A professional counselor determines fees for monthly consultation services on a job-by-job basis. This is an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedules? - CORRECT ANSWER Variable Ratio When persons who are characteristically shy and withdrawn participate in "assertiveness training," initially they experience uncertainty and self-doubt. Counselors refer to this social psychological concept as: - CORRECT ANSWER cognitive dissonance Which type of group is more product than process oriented? - CORRECT ANSWER Behavioral A counselor who structures a career counseling group to help group members understand a "fields and levels" approach to careers is following the theory of: - CORRECT ANSWER Roe The concept of "career maturity" has been described and researched most extensively by: - CORRECT ANSWER Crites What is the most effective time interval between the CS and US? - CORRECT ANSWER .5 or 1/2 of a second. When does Stimulus Generalization, also called "second order conditioning," occur? - CORRECT ANSWER When a stimulus similar to the CS produces the same reaction. T or F.: Behavior Modification is more Skinnerian? - CORRECT ANSWER True T of F.: Behavior Therapy is more Pavlovian? - CORRECT ANSWER True. A counselor who says they practice depth psychology technically bases their treatment on what hypothesis? - CORRECT ANSWER Freud's topographic hypothesis. What is a paradigm? - CORRECT ANSWER A model. What is Concreteness also known as and what is the counselors reason for using this? - CORRECT ANSWER Specificity. In an attempt to eliminate vague language. What does biofeedback provide the client and helper with? - CORRECT ANSWER Biological Information. These devices teach clients to relax or to control autonomic nervous system functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, or hand temperature. Any behavior that is not elicited by an obvious stimulus is what? - CORRECT ANSWER An operant. What does an EEG do? - CORRECT ANSWER Secure feedback related to brain wave rhythms. What is the most difficult intermittent schedule to extinguish? - CORRECT ANSWER The Variable Ratio. What is a back-up reinforcer? - CORRECT ANSWER An item or an activity which can be purchased using tokens. Logotherapy means healing through what? - CORRECT ANSWER Meaning. What is logotherapy based off of? - CORRECT ANSWER Existentialism. Define Existentialism. - CORRECT ANSWER A humanistic form of helping in which the counselor helps the client discover meaning in their life by doing a deed (an accomplishment), experiencing a value (love), or suffering. Stresses growth and self-actualization. What three worlds do Existentialists speak of? - CORRECT ANSWER Umwelt-Phyiscal Mitwelt- Relationship Eigenwelt- Identity Define Phenomenology? - CORRECT ANSWER The client's internal personal experience of events. (existential). Define Ontology? - CORRECT ANSWER The philosophy of being and existing. (existential). What is William Glasser the Father of? - CORRECT ANSWER Reality Therapy. What does choice theory assert? - CORRECT ANSWER The only behavior we can control is our own. Does Glasser and Reality therapist agree with mental illness labels? - CORRECT ANSWER No, they believe it gives clients permission to act sick or irresponsible. Who is the Father of REBT and what is it? - CORRECT ANSWER Albert Ellis. It assumes that the client's emotional disturbance is the result of irrational thoughts and ideas and that the cure is a high dose of rational thinking. What is the ABC theory of personality as suggested by REBT? - CORRECT ANSWER A- Activating event B- Belief system C- Emotional consequence Who is the Father of RBT? - CORRECT ANSWER Maxie C. Maultsby. RBT is similar to REBT but emphasizes a written self-analysis. TA therapists are most likely to incorporate what other type of therapy into the treatment process? - CORRECT ANSWER Gestalt Therapy. What three Ego States did Eric Berne suggest? - CORRECT ANSWER P- The Parent (composed of values internalized from significant others in childhood). A- The Adult (processes facts not feelings). C- The Child (the little kid within). [Show Less]
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CPCE Study Guide 1945 Questions with Answers 2023,100% CORRECT
CPCE Study Guide 1945 Questions with Answers 2023 The Sensorimotor period is part of whose developmental stage theory? - CORRECT ANSWER Piaget Pres... [Show More] enting stimuli in different sequences to reduce "order of presentation" influences in an experiment is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Counterbalancing The Eskimo word "piblokto" refers to "arctic hysteria," characterized by uncontrolled screaming and crying that is often accopanied by running through the snow naked. This is an example of what kind of disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER Culture-specific Intervention performed with three or more clients at a time is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Group therapy Who is known for person-centered counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Carl Rogers Research that compares findings across many studies is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Meta-analysis If a therapist has a good ability to perceive and appreciate his/her client's subjective reality (i.e., emotions and cognitions), the therapist is said to have: - CORRECT ANSWER Empathic understanding Changes in human growth and development which are qualitative are: - CORRECT ANSWER Changes in structure or organization Jim's new therapist believes in the uniqueness of each individual. She talks about the importance of social influences on a person. She tells Jim that everybody has a sense of inferiority, and as a result is always striving to attain superiority. Her counseling goals are to help Jim understand his lifestyle, or unified life plan, which gives meaning to his experiences, and to help him identify social and community interests most appropriate for him. She also wants to explain Jim to himself. The techniques she uses in her therapy include life histories, homework assignments, and paradoxical intentions. Describe the therapeutic modality that best describes this therapist's approach. - CORRECT ANSWER Individual Psychology What is NOT a measure of central tendency? - CORRECT ANSWER Norm (Median, Mean, and Mode are). What is NOT a characteristic of test reliability? - CORRECT ANSWER Predictive (Stability, Equivalence, and Internal consistency are). According to Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axlerad, and Herma's developmental theory, occupational choice passes through three periods. Which is NOT one of the main periods they identified? - CORRECT ANSWER Transition. (Fantasy, Tentative, and Realistic are). Career counseling based on Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes all these concepts EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWER Positive uncertainty. (Personal agency, Self-efficacy, and Vicarious learning are). Managing a counseling program requires skills in these areas? - CORRECT ANSWER Program design and development Marketing and public relations Budgeting. What is NOT considered underlying principles of ethical decision making? - CORRECT ANSWER Informed consent and confidentiality (Beneficence and nonmaleficience, Justice, fidelity, autonomy and self-determination are). Pat's therapist tells her that "self-talk" and "crooked thinking" cause emotional disturbances. He believes we all have the potential to think rationally. He uses techniques like role-playing and imagery to help Pat work through some of her issues. He also follows an A-B-C-D-E system. Pat's therapist believes that we are not influenced by the events we experience, but by our interpretation of them. Pat's therapist subscribes to which therapeutic approach? - CORRECT ANSWER Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (Ellis) How does consultation differ from counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER It is a voluntary, work-related process. What is NOT a common role for a member of a therapy group? - CORRECT ANSWER Autocratic (Facilitative, Maintenance, and Blocking are). Jenny recently lost her job and fell behind in her mortgage payments, so now she is facing foreclosure. She is seeing a counselor to help her cope with the stress in her life. She feels like a failure and wants her self-esteem to be higher, and she feels that she is not living up to her potential. Her counselor tells her that her first priorities are to fulfill her more basic needs, such as applying for food stamps so she will not go hungry and getting help with her housing situation so that she meets her needs for safety and physical security. The counselor tells her that once she has addressed these basic needs, she can then address her higher-order needs for self-esteem and fulfilling her potential as a person. Which theorist has most influenced Jenny's counselor? - CORRECT ANSWER Abraham Maslow Elisabeth Kubler-Ross identified five stages that dying people experience. Which of these accurately identifies these five stages? - CORRECT ANSWER Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance What is meant by the term "regression toward the mean?" - CORRECT ANSWER It means that most scoring very high or low on a pretest will score nearer the mean on a posttest. Which neo-Freudian theorist most strongly believed that behavior can be understood best in terms of social interactions and interpersonal relationships? - CORRECT ANSWER Harry Stack Sullivan Four broad stages of development in the first three years of life are identified in Object Relations Theory. What is the correct chronological order of these four stages? - CORRECT ANSWER Fusion with mother; Symbiosis with mother; Separation/Individuation; Constancy of self and object. What represents the beliefs and practices of Carl Rogers? - CORRECT ANSWER The focus of counseling is based on the client's phenomenological world and feelings. What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning? - CORRECT ANSWER Classical conditioning evokes involuntary responses; operant evokes voluntary responses. What is the correct chronological order of the five stages of development identified by Sigmund Freud? - CORRECT ANSWER Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital Which demographic is projected about the U.S. population by the year 2050? - CORRECT ANSWER All of the minority groups combined will outnumber the Non-Hispanic White population. People born after the year 1976 in America are commonly referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER Millennials In Donald Super's developmental approach to careers, which vocational developmental task did Super associate with the period of ages 18 to 21? - CORRECT ANSWER Specification What are John Holland's six personality types? - CORRECT ANSWER Realistic and Investigative, Artistic and Social, Enterprising and Conventional Which does use John Hollands's typology for determining a person's career type? - CORRECT ANSWER The Vocational Preference Inventory, The Self-Directed Search, and The Career Assessment Inventory. Counselors should be familiar with the distribution of test scores within the normal, or bell curve. ie.: - CORRECT ANSWER 68% makes up one standard deviation from the mean, 13.5% makes up two, and 4% makes up three. What is true about the correlation coefficient? - CORRECT ANSWER A correlation coefficient shows the relationship between two sets of numbers. What is true of quantitative research? - CORRECT ANSWER This kind of research tends to investigate with a goal of finding causal relationships. What is true of qualitative research? - CORRECT ANSWER This kind of research is descriptive, correlational, and historical. What tools/methods are characteristic of experimental research design? - CORRECT ANSWER Control groups and randomization Who established the very first psychological laboratory in history? - CORRECT ANSWER Wilhelm Wundt In the landmark 1976 Tarasoff case, the California court ruled that failure to warn an intended victim is professionally irresponsible. Out of what event did this ruling come? - CORRECT ANSWER A client of a university psychologist murdered Tatiana Tarasoff and her family sued. Developmental changes do not occur in____________but does occur in Physical, cognitive, and pyschosocial development. - CORRECT ANSWER Sociocultural development An infant first sucks on a nipple to nurse. Then the infant sucks on other things--a toy, Daddy's finger, etc. Later this infant discovers other things to do with objects beyond sucking on them such as grasping them, shaking them, and otherwise manipulating them, for example. These two behaviors were labeled by Jean Piaget with what terms, in order of their occurrence? - CORRECT ANSWER Assimilation and accommodation People are said to be products of five different cultures. Two are inevitable culture sources (a culture of human biology and a culture of ecology, which refers to the climates in which people live). What are the other three? - CORRECT ANSWER Racio-ethnic Regional National Which are a central concept in existential therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Guilt, Anxiety, and search for meaning are How did Albert Ellis view "self-talk" in his theory? - CORRECT ANSWER As the source of our emotional disturbances Which two psychologist Most emphasize freedom of choice and responsibility in their theories? - CORRECT ANSWER William Glasser and Rollo May Which psychologists' theories completely ignore the unconscious? - CORRECT ANSWER Glasser's Reality Therapy, Rogerian Counseling, and Behaviorism Who is best known for the terms "collective unconscious" and "archetypes?" - CORRECT ANSWER Carl Jung A group that is focused on a central theme, such as anger management or learning job seeking skills, is know as as: - CORRECT ANSWER Structured group What are two contrasting elements of group dynamics - CORRECT ANSWER Content and process Styles of group leadership have been described as_______,_______,and_______. But NOT : - CORRECT ANSWER Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez faire. (But not) Effective. Who developed the Archway Model of self-concept determinants? - CORRECT ANSWER Donald Super What is the correct chronological order of the four career development stages identified by Linda Gottfredson? - CORRECT ANSWER Orientation to size and power, Orientation to sex roles, Orientation to social valuation, Orientation to the internal unique self. What is true regarding validity and reliability of tests? - CORRECT ANSWER A test may be reliable, but not valid. What is an example of noninteractive research? - CORRECT ANSWER Historical ananlysis Theree are many confounding variables that can threaten an experiment's validity, but what is a threat to both internal validity and external validity? - CORRECT ANSWER Selection of subjects What are the four levels of data measurement used to determine the statistics used? - CORRECT ANSWER Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio Who first established the trait-factor guidance approach? - CORRECT ANSWER Frank Parsons Arnold Gesell believed that: - CORRECT ANSWER Development was genetically pre-ordained and realized via maturation What is correct regarding the notion of world views? - CORRECT ANSWER An etic world view is the belief we are more similar than different. In Ellis' Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), what do the A, B, and C, stand for in his A-B-C-D-E modalities' taxonomy? - CORRECT ANSWER Action, Belief, Consequent affect In Ellis' Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), what do the D and E stand for in his A-B-C-D-E modalities' classification? - CORRECT ANSWER Disputing, Effect What would G.L. Harrington or William Glasser most likely say regarding transference? - CORRECT ANSWER It impedes progress and need not occur if the therapist is genuine. If a group has co-leaders, what is true - CORRECT ANSWER Different reactions from co-leaders can help stimulate group energy and discussions. What are parts of the process in Frank Parsons' actuarial or Trait-Factor approach to career counseling - CORRECT ANSWER Study the individual, survey occupations, and make a match When E.G. Williamson expanded the trait-Factor approach, he included these steps: - CORRECT ANSWER Synthesis, Counseling, Follow-up John Crites' comprehensive model of career counseling includes three diagnoses of a career problem: - CORRECT ANSWER Differential diagnosis, Dynamic diagnosis Decisional diagnosis Convergent validation and discriminant validation occur within what type of validity? - CORRECT ANSWER Construct validity You are given the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS-IV) by a psychologist. When showing you your results, the tester compares your score on the vocabulary subtest to your score on the digit span subtest and your score on the block design subtest, etc. This type of assessment is: - CORRECT ANSWER Ipsatively interpreted What are the types of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)? - CORRECT ANSWER One-way, factorial, and multivariate You give a questionnaire to a group of respondents to measure their opinions on certain topics. Each question has seven possible choices: Strongly Agree, Agree Somewhat, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Disagree Somewhat, and Strongly Disagree. This measurement technique is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER A Likert scale Gilbert Wren's book "The Counselor in a Changing World" (1962) stressed the role of the counseling profession as being focused on: - CORRECT ANSWER Developmental needs What did passage of the Smith-Hughes Act accomplish? - CORRECT ANSWER It granted federal funds for vocational education and guidance Identify the very first professional counseling association and its founding year. - CORRECT ANSWER The National Vocational Guidance Association in 1913 What is accreditation - CORRECT ANSWER A process whereby an institution or program receives public recognition for meeting standards Antony is a child who has lately been having tantrums. His pediatrician tells his mother that this is perfectly normal at his age, as he is trying to assert his independence. At which of Erikson's developmental stages and resulting virtues would this child most likely be? - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomy vs. shame/doubt (positive resolution:will) A survey researcher has asked Larry and Carol about their attitudes toward obeying laws. They are asked what they would do in certain hypothetical situations, for example, if the only way to help someone and/or to avoid harming someone would involve breaking the law. "Law, schma," responds Carol, "what's important is doing the right thing." "True," concedes Larry, "we should do what's right, but we've also made an agreement with society to follow its rules, and we should try to do that too, but I agree that a lot of it depends on the situation." Identify where Larry and Carol fit in Kohlberg's stages of moral development: - CORRECT ANSWER Larry is in Stage 5 and Carol is in Stage 6 Raphael's family has just moved to a new neighborhood where he is now culturally in the minority. In his old neighborhood, Raphael's culture was the predominant one. Now Raphael is feeling uncertain about his sense of self. He feels some conflict between depreciation and appreciation of his self. According to the Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, Raphael is experiencing: - CORRECT ANSWER Dissonanace Would Freud's psychodynamic approach and Albert Ellis' REBT favor the emic or the etic approach? - CORRECT ANSWER They would both favor the etic approach Eric's counselor uses Narrative Therapy. Eric has written a "story" to describe his life as his counselor asked him to do. Now the therapist helps Eric to find exceptions and strengths to write a new story that fits better with how Eric would like his life to be. This therapeutic technique is an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER Re-authoring What is an accurate statement regarding integrative counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Integrative counseling synthesizes processes and techniques from various theoretical views. In Existential therapy, what do Umwelt, Mitwelt, and Eigenwelt mean, respectively? - CORRECT ANSWER Physical system; relationships; identity of self Christine's new therapist believes that clients' problems have social and political sources, and that one's personal and social identities are interconnected. The therapist also believes that the therapeutic relationship is a collaborative process between equals, and that androcentric norms are to be rejected. To what type of theory does Christine's therapist likely adhere? - CORRECT ANSWER Feminist therapy Justin has not always had problems, but currently needs some help adjusting to changes in college. His therapist sets specific goals right away. She tells him that he does not necessarily need to entirely understand his problems in order to find solutions. She also uses a scale of 1-10 to measure changes. What type of therapy is Justin undergoing? - CORRECT ANSWER Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) For a therapy group composed of adults with a single group leader, what is generally considered to be the optimum group size? - CORRECT ANSWER 8 What is an accurate statement regarding the duration of a therapy group? - CORRECT ANSWER When a therapy group is first formed, the leader should set its duration and advise the members What are Donald Super's nine major life roles? - CORRECT ANSWER Child, student, citizen-Spouse, homemaker, parent-Worker, leisurite, pensioner According to Linda Gottfredson, young children around age 6 tend to choose occupations based upon: - CORRECT ANSWER Their sex or gender Ann Roe believed that these elements influenced occupational selection? - CORRECT ANSWER Genetic factors, environmental influences, Parent-child relationships What is the best synonym for the term Appraisal? - CORRECT ANSWER Evaluation If you give two tests and the correlation between them is .80, what is the true variance they have in common? - CORRECT ANSWER 64% What are the coefficient of determination and the coefficient of nondetermination? - CORRECT ANSWER The coefficient of determination is the degree of common variance and the coefficient of nondetermination is the error variance or unique variance. What is NOT true about purposeful sampling? - CORRECT ANSWER The researchers intend to generalize their findings to the population What is stratified sampling? - CORRECT ANSWER This refers to selecting from major subgroups of the population What are suggested minimum sample sizes for the kinds of research named? - CORRECT ANSWER 15 for experimental research, 30 for correlational research, and 100 for survey research What is the difference between confidentiality and privileged communication? - CORRECT ANSWER Confidentiality is an ethical concept and privileged communication is a legal concept What is reciprocity? - CORRECT ANSWER A process whereby one agency accepts another's credentials as equivalent to its own What is correct regarding a release of information? - CORRECT ANSWER This document is signed by the client before confidential information can be given to another professional or agency. What is true about professional liability insurance for counselors? - CORRECT ANSWER This insurance is not required by law, but it is highly recommended Daniel Levinson's work has been criticized as being too limited because: - CORRECT ANSWER He only studied the structure of life for males and excluded females Roger Gould believed that there were different "protective devices" people have. What is an accurate definition of protective devices according to Gould? - CORRECT ANSWER False assumptions Mannie and Moe were Eastern European Jewish brothers who came to America in the early 1920's. Both became naturalized U.S. citizens. Mannie worked in the garment district, enjoyed going to baseball games and eating (kosher) hot dogs, and proudly flew an American flag in front of his house. He also still attended shut (temple) in his new country and celebrated all Jewish holidays, and his wife would light candles every Friday night in observance of the Sabbath. Moe also flew an American flag, went to ball games and ate hot dogs; however, he also altered his last name so it would not sound Jewish, did not attend a synagogue, married a woman who was not Jewish, joined a non-Jewish country club, and worked on Wall Street as a stockbroker. He and his family would put up a Christmas tree and decorations every year. What terms correctly identifies each brother's cultural process? - CORRECT ANSWER Mannie's process was acculturation and Moe's process was assimilation Andrew would like to talk to a counselor about some things he has on his mind. He wonders just what his life means and what the point is to our existence. He feels considerable anxiety over many things, and he frequently feels guilty as well. He is very introspective and is always seeking to understand himself better. Which type of therapy would probably make a good fit for Andrew? - CORRECT ANSWER Existential therapy Robert Carkhuff proposed a five-point scale to measure the quality of a counselor's empathic responses. Which level does the following example best represent? Client: Oh, my wife yelled at me so bad you wouldn't believe it! It just killed me!! Counselor: What did she say? - CORRECT ANSWER Level 1 Madelyn has been in a long-term psychotherapy group for the past five years, and the group's leader often encourages members to explore issues originating in their childhoods. According to Gerald Caplan's model, this would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER A tertiary therapy group Kathleen is not excessively troubled, but she is quite shy. She is a member of a counseling group with a focus on minimizing aspects of shyness and preventing their occurrence in social situations. According to Caplan, this would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER A secondary group Ken belongs to a group whose aim is to prevent substance abuse among teens and young adults. In this group, the leader teaches members various coping skills and healthy behaviors. According to Caplan, this would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER A primary group Donald Super identified four theaters of life in which we play roles. They are: - CORRECT ANSWER Home, community, school, and workplace Jason is a computer programmer. He is an excellent engineer but is not good at technical support because he doesn't know how to converse easily with people. His wife, Sallie, is a teacher and she is great at explaining things. Children and others love her. However, she can never get her computer to work. John Holland would identify Jason and Sallie respectively as which of his six personality types or styles? - CORRECT ANSWER Jason is mainly an Investigative type and Sallie is mainly a Social type What are Ann Roe's eight occupational fields? - CORRECT ANSWER Managerial, general cultural arts and entertainment, technology outdoor work, scientific work Tiedeman's decision-making model saw career decisions as being made up of two phases. What were these? - CORRECT ANSWER Anticipation or preoccupation and implementation or adjustment Dr. Miller wants to investigate certain variables in his college class. He is going to test his statement that all of the students in his class with IQ scores above 120 will finish the term with higher grades than all of the students in his class with IQ scores below 120. This statement is an example of a: - CORRECT ANSWER Directional hypothesis If you are conducting an experiment and you choose a significance level of .01, what does that mean? - CORRECT ANSWER It means you are willing to accept the possibility of erring in accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis one time out of one hundred. What is a Type I (alpha) error? - CORRECT ANSWER A Type I error means rejecting the null hypothesis when it is correct What do "title and practice-control" laws mean? - CORRECT ANSWER These are laws stating one cannot practice counseling without a Professional Counselor license What does Title IX of the educational amendments provide? - CORRECT ANSWER A ban on sex discrimination A formal mental status examination covers which areas? - CORRECT ANSWER It covers: appearance and behavior; thought processes; mood and affect; intellectual functioning; sensorium What are some examples of culture-bound values (vs. class-bound values) in counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Culture-bound values include individual-centered counseling, emotional expression, and intimacy Harry is a little boy whose parents have taken him to a behavior therapist. The parents want some help getting him to clean up his room, go to bed on time, get dressed for school in the morning, and complete other similar daily activities without a struggle or a big fight. The therapist makes a chart for Harry. Every time he completes a desired behavior, he gets a gold star on the chart for that activity. At the end of each week, he and his parents count his gold stars, and he gets a reward based on the number of stars--a pizz or ice cream treat, a movie, etc.--something he values. What is the technique that Harry's therapist is using? - CORRECT ANSWER Token economy Which of the following does NOT correctly pair a model of consultation with the person who developed it? Caplan - mental health consultation model Bandura - social learning consultation model Bergan - process consultation model Schein - purchase consulation model - CORRECT ANSWER Bergan - process consultation model The acronym EMDR stands for: - CORRECT ANSWER Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing What is included in the study of kinesics and proxemics? - CORRECT ANSWER Facial expressions, physical body gestures, seating arrangements B. Tuckman identifies the five states of a therapy group with which words? - CORRECT ANSWER Forming;storming Conforming;swarming Mourning;adjourning Irvin Yalom identified four states of a therapy group. The first stage he identified was Orientation. The other three include all BUT which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Definition (Conflict, cohesion, termination, are) In a decision-making model of career development, factors include: - CORRECT ANSWER The person's investment(s) personal values style of taking risks In career self-efficacy theory, what are the three elements that will be influenced by an individual's expectations? - CORRECT ANSWER Choice, performance,and persistence. What is the difference between "undecided" and "indecisive" in terms of career counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER An undecided individual needs more information The Standard Error of Measurement is: - CORRECT ANSWER A measure of reliability, The Confidence Band, and confidence Limits How is the Standard Error of Measurement used? - CORRECT ANSWER It is calculated after the test has been taken and scored Which intelligence test has multiple forms for administration to differently aged subjects? - CORRECT ANSWER Wechsler Intelligence Scales What correctly states the relationship between significance level and Type I error? - CORRECT ANSWER As the significance level decreases, so does the level of Type I error. What correctly states the relationship between significance level and Type II error? - CORRECT ANSWER As the significance level decreases, the level of Type II error increases What correctly states the relationship between Type I and Type II error? - CORRECT ANSWER Type I error will decrease and Type II error will increase if the significance level goes down What is true of an EAP? - CORRECT ANSWER It may be inside or outside a company In the steps of developing a counseling program, which of the following should come FIRST? - CORRECT ANSWER Conduct a pilot study What accurately identifies the five axes of the DSM-IV-TR with the srets of disorders that they respectively describe? - CORRECT ANSWER Axis I: Clinical; Axis II: Personality and MR; Axis III: General medical; Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental; Axis V: GAF - Overall functioning In Stanley Stron's Social Influence model of counseling, what are the characteristics of the counselor that Strong identified as those a client might view as valuable? - CORRECT ANSWER Expertness, Attractiveness, and Trustworthiness In Salvador Minuchin's structural family therapy, there are_______between family subsystems; if these are too rigid, they lead to ______, and if they are too diffuse, they can lead to ________. - CORRECT ANSWER Boundaries; disengagement; enmeshment What are major common features between Nathan Ackerman's psychodynamic theory of family counseling, Carl Whitaker's experiential family counseling, Salvador Minuchin's structural family therapy, and narrative family therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER The goal of making changes in the family and the counselor's interactive role in the family. Identify the units of study for each of the following theoretical models of family therapy by selecting from the options provided below. The Psychodynamic model has a ________ unit of study; the Experiential model has a _______ unit of study; the Transgenerational model has a ______ unit study; and the Strategic model has a ______ unit of study. - CORRECT ANSWER Monadic; dyadic; triadic; dyadic and triadic Irvin Yalom specified that the functions of a therapy group leader should include: emotional stimulation; caring; meaning attribution; and executive leadership. Zander Ponzo found support for these same factors, and he also identified other factors found in successful groups. The factors Ponzo identified include: - CORRECT ANSWER Participation, risk-taking, and conflict-confrontation Jacob Moreno is known for the following: - CORRECT ANSWER The Theater of Spontaneity, psychodrama, and group psychotherapy In career development and counseling, what is meant by the Compensatory vs. Spillover theory of leisure? - CORRECT ANSWER Individuals who are dissatisfied with their jobs compensate by engaging in excessive leisure What is an issue for adults in career transition, which counselors should sensitively address during counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Not wanting to undergo job transition Obsolete job skills/a need for retraining Lack of information/job-seeking skills What tests is the most likely to be used in career counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Myers-Briggs Type Indicator What kind of tests are the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank and the Draw-A-Person Test? - CORRECT ANSWER Specialized personality tests What are examples of intrusive or reactive measurement? - CORRECT ANSWER Questionnaires, interviews, and open observation Dr. Stanwyck has used two different counseling approaches with two different groups of college students. Both groups had similar scores on a pre-test of self-efficacy. He gives each group the same post-test to measure their self-efficacy levels following the course of counseling. What kind of test would he most likely use to see if there is a statistically significant difference between the two group' post-test scores? - CORRECT ANSWER A t-test Dr. Stanwyck has determined that his two groups of students have significantly different scores on the post-test of self efficacy he gave to them after two different courses of counseling. Now he wants to find out whether there is also a statistically significant interaction between the two groups' mean scores. What kind of test would he be likely to use to determine this? - CORRECT ANSWER A factorial ANOVA (factorial Analysis of Variance) Dr. Stanwyck has determined that not only was there a statistically significant difference in the scores of his two groups of students following two different courses of counseling, but also that these scores had a statistically significant interaction with each other. Now he wants to see if, in addition to tested levels of self-efficacy, his subjects' levels of optimism have changed following the two kinds of counseling. Accordingly, he gives both groups a questionnaire to assess their level of optimism. (Dr. Stanwyck had planned ahead and had given both groups a pre-test assessing their baseline optimism levels before the counseling courses began) To make his analysis of the students' levels of both self-efficacy and optimism following the counseling, what kind of test will he need to use? - CORRECT ANSWER MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) Dr. Stanwyck has found a significant difference in the mean test scores of his two student groups. He has also found significant interaction between their scores. He subsequently tested for significance on a second dependent variable as well. Now he wants to make one more analysis based on the information he has obtained related to the first dependent variable he tested - that of self-efficacy. In pretesting, he noticed that the college seniors in each group had higher average scores in self-efficacy than the college juniors in each group. Therefore, he now adjusts the groups' scores statistically to control for these initial differences before he compares his two test groups. What kind of test is he using? - CORRECT ANSWER ANCOVA (Analysis of covariance) What is correct about insurance laws related to counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER In some states, insurance laws now require licensed counselors to be reimbursed for treating certain mental illnesses. Many mental health professionals apply to HMOs and PPOs to be on their provider lists. What is the reason for their doing this? - CORRECT ANSWER To allow clients to be referred to them What is correct regarding ethical issues in group counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Informed consent should be obtained from prospective group members before starting What is correct regarding ethical issues in family counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER If the counselor diagnoses a family member, it could be used later on in a court of law True or False: IDEA has a wider range of eligibility than section 504 under Rehabilitation act of 1973 - CORRECT ANSWER False. The Rehabilitation act of 1973 has the broader definition of disability What is a key difference between IDEA and Section 504 of Rehabiltation Act of 1973 - CORRECT ANSWER IDEA only applies to educational institutions, while RA1973 applies to any organization or employer in the US receiving government funding. Who qualifies for eligibility under Rehabilitation Act of 1973 section 504? - CORRECT ANSWER Anyone who has a disability, physical or psychological, that impair at least one major life activity. Individuals must have documentation of their disability True or False: under both section 504 and IDEA, if a student is eligible for disability services, the student will have a multi-disiplinary team put together a plan. - CORRECT ANSWER True. In IDEA it's called Individualized Education Plan (IEP) and in 504 it's called a 504 plan [Show Less]
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CPCE Study Guide Exam 68 Questions with Answer 2023,100% CORRECT
CPCE Study Guide Exam 68 Questions with Answer 2023 What is the most common form of prejudice? - CORRECT ANSWER Verbal behavior What is the most no... [Show More] table counseling honor society? - CORRECT ANSWER Chi Sigma Iota Erikson's first stage of development - CORRECT ANSWER Trust vs Mistrust What will a child in Erikson 2nd stage of life most likely deal with - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomy and the development of independence What is countertransference? - CORRECT ANSWER When a counselor projects onto a client What group is predicted to be the largest growing group in the next 25 years? - CORRECT ANSWER Asians What is Super associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER career rainbow, self-concept, lifespan, life-roles Asian's prefer which type of therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Family therapy Seeing one through a lens view - CORRECT ANSWER World view Tripartite Developmental Model - CORRECT ANSWER A model that describes three roles that parents can play in their children's development: interactive partner, direct instructor, and provider of opportunities. Tripartite Model of Multicultural Counseling - CORRECT ANSWER - Awareness of all cultural bias - Skills counselor can use and nonverbal cultural components - Knowledge of client's culture/background When is it appropriate to use self-disclosure? - CORRECT ANSWER Only when it benefits the client A counselor wants to evaluate the effectiveness of a program to see if it was beneficial to the clients. What type of evaluation tool would be most appropriate? - CORRECT ANSWER Needs Assessment Which is broader? Career or occupation? - CORRECT ANSWER Career Who invented the trait and factor theory? - CORRECT ANSWER Parsons Where do you find information about a specific test? - CORRECT ANSWER Mental measurement yearbook The person who is most responsible for a research project? - CORRECT ANSWER The principle researcher What is the national research act of 1974? - CORRECT ANSWER - prompted by the Tuskegee Study - created a commission to oversee ethical conduct and misconduct in research with human participants A primary benefit of converting raw scores to standard scores is that it facilitates - CORRECT ANSWER Interpretation of the results relative to a normal distribution Quasi-experimental design - CORRECT ANSWER An experiment that does not require random assignment to conditions. Cultural identity development models typically start with what stage? - CORRECT ANSWER Conformity A group leader can best enhance a group member's participation by - CORRECT ANSWER Modeling appropriate behaviors A basic assumption for the trait and factor approach to vocational counseling is that - CORRECT ANSWER There is one best career for everyone Accurate empathy - CORRECT ANSWER counselor can truly understand what the client is feeling or experiencing; nonjudgemental acceptance of reality Mike, a group member in his 20's tells a group member about a support group and a coping strategy he finds beneficial. This an example of which curative factor? - CORRECT ANSWER Imparting of information Ecosystemic Approach - CORRECT ANSWER The therapeutic view that it is important to attend to the individual, family's relationship, and to the larger systems like community, school, and work. Class-bound values - CORRECT ANSWER core beliefs of one socioeconomic class that relate principally to that class and may be inappropriate for another level of socioeconomic status How does the ethical guidelines best refer to "counseling" in the supervisee and supervisor relationship? - CORRECT ANSWER The supervisee should focus on work and supervision related topics instead of outside and personal issues. Client mentions that he has a gun, and says "my wife is going to pay." The counselor has: - CORRECT ANSWER A duty to warn Split-half reliability - CORRECT ANSWER A measure of reliability in which a test is split into two parts and an individual's scores on both halves are compared. In the Solomon Four Group which type of test does not have the the between groups design? - CORRECT ANSWER pretest only group Thantology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of death and dying Which type of experiment has been dubbed a "true experiment" - CORRECT ANSWER Between groups design When data "piles up" on one side, it can cause a ______ graphical representation. - CORRECT ANSWER skewed Psychosocial maturity - CORRECT ANSWER the complexity and sophistication of the process of individual decision-making as it is affected by a range of cognitive, emotional, and social factors Melting Pot - CORRECT ANSWER the mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples that has changed the American nation. Force Field Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER Type of analysis in which factors that can influence an outcome in either a negative or positive manner are listed and then assigned weights to indicate their relative strengths. Achievement test - CORRECT ANSWER a test designed to assess what a person has learned Catharsis - CORRECT ANSWER the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. A routine but non-interactive encounter with a minority person would most likely cause a prejudiced person to - CORRECT ANSWER maintain their prejudice - no change of opinion will occur Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - CORRECT ANSWER Extended protection to those with physical or mental handicaps In the event that a group member begins to misbehave or act out inappropriately, the counselor may choose to - CORRECT ANSWER model appropriate behavior What is the oldest career model? - CORRECT ANSWER Trait and factor Error Variance - CORRECT ANSWER numeric measure of the variability in scores that can be attributed to or is caused by the individual differences of participants in each group Observational Learning Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Theory that suggests that organisms learn new responses by observing the behavior of a model and then imitating it; aka. Social learning theory (BF Skinner) Projective tests - CORRECT ANSWER Devices or instruments used to assess personality, in which examinees are shown a standard set of ambiguous stimuli and asked to respond to the stimuli in their own way. Parametric - CORRECT ANSWER inferential statistical tests involving interval- or ratio-level data to make inferences about the population Random Sampling - CORRECT ANSWER a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion Criterion Test - CORRECT ANSWER assess students by comparing their performance to a predetermined level of mastery. Example: FCAT Free will - CORRECT ANSWER The idea that human beings are free to make their own choices (Frankl) During middle adulthood, a client may be concerned with - CORRECT ANSWER giving back to the world/community Existentialism - CORRECT ANSWER A philosophy based on the idea that people give meaning to their lives through their choices and actions Reliability - CORRECT ANSWER the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting Unfinished business (Gestalt concept) - CORRECT ANSWER unexpressed emotions often exhibited via harsh comments and displacement Non-maleficence - CORRECT ANSWER do no harm Individual has a doctorate in sociology and a Masters in Mental Health Counseling she will be opening up a private practice is representing herself by listing her name as PhD, LPC. According to the ACA code of ethics, this is - CORRECT ANSWER unethical, because the counselor is representing herself as having a doctorate in a counseling related field, when in reality, the doctorate is in another field One of your young adult male clients had a severe eating disorder as a teen. He has decided on a career as a personal trainer and professional athlete, where he must monitor his caloric, protein and carbohydrate intake. This an example of - CORRECT ANSWER sublimation What is one of the main benefits of licensure? - CORRECT ANSWER It protects client rights Fictional Finalism (Adler) - CORRECT ANSWER an imagined life goal that guides a person's behavior During a group termination session, the counselor and clients should work to develop a ______ - CORRECT ANSWER plan of action for clients to move forward with Acculturation - CORRECT ANSWER The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another. Kubler-Ross is associated with - CORRECT ANSWER Stages of death/grief (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance) The goal of Erikson's second stage, Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt, is - CORRECT ANSWER the development of independence Erkison's first stage - CORRECT ANSWER Trust vs Mistrust Which of Erikson's stages is experienced from the ages of 40-65 - CORRECT ANSWER Generativity vs Stagnation Regression - CORRECT ANSWER psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated Informed consent - CORRECT ANSWER an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate OR the document with which counselors are to discuss with their clients during an initial session that details the risks of counseling, limits to confidentiality, and practice policies - CORRECT ANSWER [Show Less]
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CPCE Study Guide Theorists Exam 46 Questions with Answers,100% CORRECT
CPCE Study Guide Theorists Exam 46 Questions with Answers Erik Erikson - CORRECT ANSWER Psychosocial theory of human development Albert Ellis - COR... [Show More] RECT ANSWER Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Change irrational self talk Caplan - CORRECT ANSWER Public health and preventative psychiatry principles Dollar and Miller - CORRECT ANSWER Anxiety learned from experiences John Crites - CORRECT ANSWER Vocational psychologist Career Maturity Inventory B.F.Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER Theory of operant conditioning Virginia Satire - CORRECT ANSWER Believed in the innate goodness of people Carl Rogers - CORRECT ANSWER Client centered therapy unconditional positive regard genuineness Jean Piaget - CORRECT ANSWER 4 stages of cognitive development Stages of Cognitive Development - CORRECT ANSWER Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational Fritz Perls - CORRECT ANSWER Gestalt whole person therapy. Ivan Pavlov - CORRECT ANSWER Classical conditioning Frank Parsons - CORRECT ANSWER Father of Vocational guidance wrote choosing a vocation book Rollo May - CORRECT ANSWER leader in existential counseling studied anxiety in depth Slavson - CORRECT ANSWER Founder group Psychotherapy Association worked with group therapy in children Carl Whitaker - CORRECT ANSWER Symbolic experiential Family therapy Fredrick Thorne - CORRECT ANSWER Proponent of eclectic counseling Vygotsky - CORRECT ANSWER constructionist cognitive development theory. Zone of proximal development John Watson - CORRECT ANSWER Father of American Behaviorism. Psychology should only deal with what can be observed and measured. Little Albert Michael White - CORRECT ANSWER narrative therapy post modern and social constructionist approach Edmond Williamson - CORRECT ANSWER directive approach to counseling. Minnesota Point of View Bandura - CORRECT ANSWER Social Learning Theory Berne - CORRECT ANSWER Transactional Analysis Bowen - CORRECT ANSWER Family Systems Therapy Abraham Maslow - CORRECT ANSWER Humanistic theorist hierarchy of needs and self actualization. Jane Loevinger - CORRECT ANSWER 10 stages of ego development Eric Lindemann - CORRECT ANSWER Developed Crisis Models dealing with trauma Arnold Lazarus - CORRECT ANSWER Multimodal Therapy Ross Kubler - CORRECT ANSWER Created grief model Kubler Ross Grief Model Stages - CORRECT ANSWER 1 shock and denial 2 anger 3 bargaining and guilt 4 hopelessness 5 acceptance Kruskal-Wallis test - CORRECT ANSWER Nonparametric stat test analogous to an ANOVA used when 3 or more groups per independent variable as well as an ordinal scaled dependent variable John Krumboltz - CORRECT ANSWER Social Learning Theory of Career Counseling valued behavior and cognition in career decisions Kolmogorov- Smirnov Z Procedure - CORRECT ANSWER Non parametric stat test like Mann-Whitney U test Best used with samples smaller than 25 Lawrence Kohlberg - CORRECT ANSWER Stages of Moral Development (criticized for being too male centered) Donald Keat - CORRECT ANSWER Basic ID for use with children Health, Emotions, Learning, Personal, Imagery, Need to know, Guidance (HELPING) Carl Jung - CORRECT ANSWER Followed Frued but broke away. Juniang Analytic Psychology John Holland - CORRECT ANSWER theory of Vocational Types. Match People to work environment. RIASEC Test. Joanne Harris-Bowlsbey - CORRECT ANSWER Computerized Vocational Systems. CVIS Discover Visions. Trains career development facilitators Harry Harlow - CORRECT ANSWER Maternal separation with monkeys Roger Gould - CORRECT ANSWER Gottfredson - CORRECT ANSWER Theory of Circumscription. Lifespan theory. Career Big on gender and prestige playing a role William Glasser - CORRECT ANSWER Reality therapy and choice therapy. Focus on role of personal choice Carol Gilligan - CORRECT ANSWER ethicist psychologist with and then against Kohlberg Arnold Gesell - CORRECT ANSWER Scales of human development. Reflects genetic unfolding Victor Frankl - CORRECT ANSWER Existential logo therapy The search for Meaning Frued - CORRECT ANSWER Father of Psychoanalysis [Show Less]
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