Medical Surgical Midterm Exam 1 - Questions and Answers, Complete Solutions Which of the following is/are the cause(s) of hydrocephalus? A) Chronic vasod... [Show More] ilation (communicating hydrocephalus) B) Impaired absorption (communicating hydrocephalus) C) Obstruction of the flow of CSF (non-communication hydrocephalus) D) Both B and C TRUE OR FALSE: Babies with hydrocephalus will present differently than toddlers and school-aged children with hydrocephalus True How will a child present with hydrocephalus in later infancy? A) Large, visible veins on the head B) They will tell you they have a headache C) Bossing (fluid build-up visible in the front of the head) D) Shrilling cry How will a child present with hydrocephalus at a toddler or school age? A) Large, visible veins on the head B) They will tell you they have a headache C) Bossing (fluid build-up visible in the front of the head) D) Shrilling cry A treatment of hydrocephalus in which a device is inserted into the skull to removes excess CSF from ventricle in brain; this tubing will have the be changed as the child grows Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt What will occur if the lining of a VP shunt obstructs? A) Increased blood pressure and bradycardia B) Decreased blood pressure and tachycardia C) Increased intracranial pressure D) Migrane ora Which of the following are signs of infection caused by a VP shunt? A) Increased intracranial pressure B) Fever C) Abdominal pain D) All of the above Which of the following are signs of increased intracranial pressure in an infant? A) Fever, poor feeding, irritability, and increased head circumference B) Confusion, poor feeding, a shrilling cry, diarrhea, pain in the ear C) Loss of developmental tasks, headache, ataxia, visual disturbances, vomiting, lethargy, confusion D) Swelling of the legs, arms, hands and feet, fever, dizziness Which of the following are signs of increased intracranial pressure in a child? A) Fever, poor feeding, irritability, and increased head circumference B) Confusion, poor feeding, a shrilling cry, diarrhea, pain in the ear C) Loss of developmental tasks, headache, ataxia, visual disturbances, vomiting, lethargy, confusion D) Swelling of the legs, arms, hands and feet, fever, dizziness Paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement; types include spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, and mixed Cerebral Palsy A type of cerebral palsy that causes the patient to have very tight and stiff muscles; caused by problems with the cerebral cortex Spastic Cerebral Palsy A type of cerebral palsy that causes the patient to have an inability to control movements; caused by problems with the basal ganglia Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy A type of cerebral palsy that causes the patient to have shaky and uncoordinated movements; caused by problems with the cerebellum Ataxic Cerebral Palsy A type of cerebral palsy that is a mix of two or more of the other types Mixed Cerebral Palsy What type of cerebral palsy is MOST COMMON? A) Spastic B) Dyskinetic C) Ataxic D) Mixed TRUE OR FALSE: About 50-60% of children with cerebral palsy have "normal" intelligence True Which of the following are complications of cerebral palsy? (Select all that apply) A) Increased risk of aspiration and pneumonia B) Increased dental caries and inflammatory gums C) Chronic Respiratory Infections D) Lack of ability to taste or smell E) Latex allergy A, B, C, E Which of the following is/are surgery(s) to manage cerebral palsy? A) Tendon lengthening/spastic muscle release/contrature correction B) Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) C) Fundoplication / G-tube insertion D) All of the above TRUE OR FALSE: Botox can be used to treat symptoms caused by cerebral palsy True The science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on health and disease Nutrition The inflammation of the gastric mucosa caused by the breakdown of the gastric mucosal barrier; two types include acute and chronic Gastritis Gastritis with a rapid onset of symptoms usually caused by dietary indiscretion Acute Gastritis Gastritis which is a prolonged inflammation caused by benign or malignant ulcers of the stomach or helicobacter pylori Chronic Gastritis A bacterium residing in the GI tract that causes peptic ulcers Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) The causes of ____________ include medications, diet, microorganisms, environmental factors, pathophysiological conditions and other factors such as endoscopic procedures etc. Gastritis Gastritis causing the wall of the stomach to be red and inflamed; a precursor to gastric ulcers Erosive Gastritis Symptoms of __________ gastritis include rapid onset of abdominal discomfort, headache, lassitude, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, and hiccuping Acute Symptoms of __________ gastritis include mild epigastric discomfort, anorexia, heartburn after eating, sour taste in mouth, nausea, vomiting, intolerance to some food; can also cause B12 deficiency Chronic A patient comes into the ER reporting chronic nausea, vomiting, heartburn, anorexia, and sour taste in the mouth. The nurse suspects the patient to have gastritis. Which test should the patient be referred to undergo to confirm the diagnosis? A) Blood work B) Breath test C) Endoscopic examination D) CT scan A patient comes into the ER and the nurse suspects the patient to have h. pylori. Which test should the patient be referred to undergo to confirm the diagnosis? A) Blood work B) Breath test C) Endoscopic examination D) CT scan Which of the following is the best way to manage acute gastritis? (Select all that apply) A) Refrain from alcohol and food until symptoms subside B) Supportive Therapy C) Pharmacological Therapy D) Avoid emetics and lavage E) Promote rest and reduce stress A, B, D Which of the following is the best way to manage chronic gastritis? (Select all that apply) A) Refrain from alcohol use B) Supportive Therapy C) Pharmacological Therapy D) Avoid emetics and lavage [Show Less]
