Families Module 3 Exam
While performing physical assessment of a 12 month-old, the nurse notes that the infant's anterior fontanel is still slightly o... [Show More] pen. Which of the following is the nurse's most appropriate action?
A. Notify the physician immediately because there is a problem.
B. Perform an intensive neurological examination.
C. Perform an intensive developmental examination.
D. Do nothing because this is a normal finding for the age.
Rationale:
The anterior fontanel typically closes anywhere between 12 to 18 months of age. Thus, assessing the anterior fontanel as still being slightly open is a normal finding requiring no further action. Because it is normal finding for this age, notifying he physician or performing additional examinations are inappropriate.
When teaching a mother about introducing solid foods to her child, which of the following indicates the earliest age at which this should be done?
A. 1 month
B. 2 months
C. 3 months
D. 4 months
Rationale:
Solid foods are not recommended before age 4 to 6 months because of the sucking reflex and the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract and immune system. Therefore, the earliest age at which to introduce foods is 4 months. Any time earlier would be inappropriate.
The infant of a substance-abusing mother is at risk for developing a sense of which of the following?
A. Mistrust
B. Shame
C. Guilt
D. Inferiority
Rationale:
According to Erikson, infants need to have their needs met consistently and effectively to develop a sense of trust. An infant whose needs are consistently unmet or who experiences significant delays in having them met, such as in the case of the infant of a substance-abusing mother, will develop a sense of uncertainty, leading to mistrust of caregivers and the environment. Toddlers develop a sense of shame when their autonomy needs are not met consistently. Preschoolers develop a sense of guilt when their sense of initiative is thwarted. School agers develop a sense of inferiority when they do not develop a sense of industry.
Which of the following toys should the nurse recommend for a 5-month-old?
A. A big red balloon
B. A teddy bear with button eyes
C. A push-pull wooden truck
D. A colorful busy box
Rationale:
A busy box facilitates the fine motor development that occurs between 4 and 6 months. Balloons are contraindicated because small children may aspirate balloons. Because the button eyes of a teddy bear may detach and be aspirated, this toy is unsafe for children younger than 3 years. A 5-month-old is too young to use a push-pull toy.
If parents keep a toddler dependent in areas where he is capable of using skills, the toddler will develop a sense of which of the following?
A. Mistrust
B. Shame
C. Guilt
D. Inferiority
Rationale:
According to Erikson, toddlers experience a sense of shame when they are not allowed to develop appropriate independence and autonomy. Infants develop mistrust when their needs are not consistently gratified. Preschoolers develop guilt when their initiative needs are not met while schoolagers develop a sense of inferiority when their industry needs are not met.
Which of the following is an appropriate toy for an 18-month-old?
A. Multiple-piece puzzle
B. Miniature cars
C. Finger paints
D. Comic book
Rationale:
Young toddlers are still sensorimotor learners and they enjoy the experience of feeling different textures. Thus, finger paints would be an appropriate toy choice. Multiple-piece toys, such as puzzle, are too difficult to manipulate and may be hazardous if the pieces are small enough to be aspirated. Miniature cars also have a high potential for aspiration. Comic books are on too high a level for toddlers. Although they may enjoy looking at some of the pictures, toddlers are more likely to rip a comic book apart.
Which of the following suggestions should the nurse offer the parents of a 4-year-old boy who resists going to bed at night?
A. "Allow him to fall asleep in your room, then move him to his own bed."
B. "Tell him that you will lock him in his room if he gets out of bed one more time."
C. "Encourage active play at bedtime to tire him out so he will fall asleep faster."
D. "Read him a story and allow him to play quietly in his bed until he falls asleep."
Rationale:
Preschoolers commonly have fears of the dark, being left alone especially at bedtime, and ghosts, which may affect the child's going to bed at night. Quiet play and time with parents is a positive bedtime routine that provides security and also readies the child for sleep. The child should sleep in his own bed. Telling the child about locking him in his room will viewed by the child as a threat. Additionally, a locked door is frightening and potentially hazardous. Vigorous activity at bedtime stirs up the child and makes more difficult to fall asleep.
The adolescent's inability to develop a sense of who he is and what he can become results in a sense of which of the following?
A. Shame
B. Guilt
C. Inferiority
D. Role diffusion
Rationale:
According to Erikson, role diffusion develops when the adolescent does not develop a sense of identity and a sense or where he fits in. Toddlers develop a sense of shame when they do not achieve autonomy. Preschoolers develop a sense of guilt when they do not develop a sense of initiative. School-aged children develop a sense of inferiority when they do not develop a sense of industry.
While performing a neurodevelopmental assessment on a 3-month-old infant, which of the following characteristics would be expected?
A. A strong Moro reflex
B. A strong parachute reflex
C. Rolling from front to back
D. Lifting of head and chest when prone
Rationale:
A 3-month-old infant should be able to lift the head and chest when prone. The Moro reflex typically diminishes or subsides by 3 months. The parachute reflex appears at 9 months. Rolling from front to back usually is accomplished at about 5 months.
By the end of which of the following would the nurse most commonly expect a child's birth weight to triple?
A. 4 months
B. 7 months
C. 9 months
D. 12 months
Rationale:
A child's birth weight usually triples by 12 months and doubles by 4 months. No specific birth weight parameters are established for 7 or 9 months. [Show Less]
