Exam 2: NR226/ NR 226 (2023/ 2024 Update) Fundamentals Patient Care Exam| Complete Guide with Verified Answers - Chamberlain
QUESTION
Hypernatremia
... [Show More] Answer: Abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood
-water deficit
QUESTION
What types of patients should you monitor for hypernatremia?
Answer: Diabetes insipidus
Osmotic diuresis
-Large amount of perspiration and respiratory water output
-Tube feedings, hypertonic parenteral fluids, or salt tablets
-Dysfunction of osmoreceptor driven thirst drive
QUESTION
Causes of hypernatremia
Answer: Excessive / rapid IV administration of normal saline, inadequate water intake and kidney disease
QUESTION
Normal range for sodium
Answer: 135-145 mEq/L
QUESTION
Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia
Answer: Confusion, dry mucous membranes, seizures flat neck veins, dry skin, intense thirst, dark urine, skin tenting
QUESTION
True or false
Answer: a patient with hypernatermia will show very similar signs of dehydration
Answer: True
QUESTION
What blood work is done to look at sodium?
Answer: Chem 7, cmp
QUESTION
Confusion is present in both hypo and hyper
Answer: Hyponatermia and hypernatremia
QUESTION
Treatment for hypernatremia
Answer: Weigh patient daily, monitor I/O, check vital signs, check skin turgor, place patient on sodium restricted diet
QUESTION
Clinical dehydration
Answer: ECV deficit and hypernatremia combined
QUESTION
What IV drugs do you want to administer for a patient experiencing hyper- natremia
Answer: Hypotonic IV fluids or Isotonic IV fluids
QUESTION
Hyponatremia
Answer: Abnormally low sodium ion concentration in the blood
QUESTION
Causes of hyponatremia
Answer: Decreased sodium intake, increased sodium excre- tion due to suctioning
QUESTION
Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia
Answer: Confusion, N/V, abdominal cramping, weigh gain, cold clammy skin, SOB, crackles, periorbital edema,
QUESTION
Treatment for hyponatremia
Answer: Provide high sodium foods, auscultate lungs
(crackles), monitor body weight and vital signs
QUESTION
What IV solutions should be hung to help with hyponatremia?
Answer: Administer hypertonic IV fluids or Hypotonic IV fluids,
QUESTION
Hyperkalemia
Answer: abnormally high potassium ion in concentration in the blood
QUESTION
Whenever potassium is off, what should the nurse be worried about?
Answer: The heart; dysrhythmias occur in both hypo and hyperkalemia
QUESTION
What should you use to help determine if a patient is experiencing a potassium imbalance?
Answer: Lab: CNP, BMP
Test: 12 lead ECG or EKG
QUESTION
Causes of hyperkalemia
Answer: Excessive potassium intake, shift of potassium from cells into the ECF
-Renal issues (oliguria)
QUESTION
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia
Answer: muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhyth- mias, numbness, tinging, irritability, flaccid paralysis, N/V/D
QUESTION
Treatment for hyperkalemia includes
Answer: sodium polystyrene and keyaxalate enemas, diet changes, no use of salt supplements
QUESTION
Keyaxalate enema
Answer: Removes excess potassium via the stool
QUESTION
Sodium polystyrene
Answer: Removes excess potassium via bowel
QUESTION
Why do you want to monitor acid base balance with hyperkalemia?
Answer: Too much potassium in the body can cause the blood to become acidic
QUESTION
With hyper and hypokalemia what test should be ran?
Answer: ECG or EKG
QUESTION [Show Less]
