BIO250_Saylor_V5
Unit 9: Microbial Genetics
Started on Wednesday, October 13, 2021, 7:33 AM
State Finished
Completed on Wednesday, October 13, ... [Show More] 2021, 8:29 AM
Time taken 55 mins 36 secs
Grade 160.00 out of 160.00 (100%)
Question 1
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A reducing medium contains
Select one:
a. sugars that can be fermented.
b. extra oxygen.
c. hemoglobin, vitamins, or other growth factors.
d. substances that remove oxygen.
e. inhibiting agents.
Question 2
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The endosymbiotic theory has been developed to explain the emergence of ______.
Select one:
a. archaea
b. bacteria
c. prokaryotes
d. eukaryotes
e. viruses
Question 3
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Which of the following is not true about enzymes?
Select one:
a. Enzymes are found in all cells.
b. Enzymes are catalysts.
c. Enzymes participate in the cell's chemical reactions.
d. Enzymes can be denaturated by heat and other agents.
e. Enzymes have high-energy bonds between phosphates.
Question 4
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You have a tube of nutrient broth, in which E. coli is growing. Upon analyzing the broth
chemistry, you find:
oxygen content has dropped a bit, but carbon dioxide has gone up
a lot
formic, acetic, and lactic acids are present
What kind of metabolism has most likely occurred?
Select one:
a. Fermentation
b. Aerobic respiration
c. Anaerobic respiration
d. Photosynthesis
Question 5
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Mediated transport of polar molecules and ions across the plasma membrane utilizes a(n)
_____ carrier that binds to the substance and causes a conformational change to allow its
movement across the membrane.
Select one:
a. protein
b. lipid
c. porind. enzyme
Question 6
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A diagram of the three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) proceeding from the Last
Universal Common Ancestor would show Archaea
Select one:
a. as the original cells from which the others derived.
b. branching off the Domain Eukarya.
c. branching off the Domain Bacteria.
Question 7
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The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus
replication is
Select one:
a. adsorption to the host cells.
b. injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell.
c. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins.
d. assembly of nucleocapsids.
e. replication of viral nucleic acid.
Question 8
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Split genes
Select one:
a. are common in bacteria and eukaryotes.
b. only have exons initially transcribed to mRNA.
c. have introns located only at the beginning and end of a coding region.
d. are acted upon by spliceosomes to excise introns and then join exons.
Question 9
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A saprobe differs from a parasite in that
Select one:
a. a saprobe derives nutrients from dead plants and animals, but a parasite derives
nutrients from living plants and animals.
b. a saprobe has a pseudohyphae morphology, but a parasite has true hyphae.
c. a saprobe has the ability to undergo meiosis to produce sexual spores, but a parasite
can only perform mitosis to produce asexual spores.
d. a saprobe is a fungus, but a parasite is a protozoan.
Question 10
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The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is ______.
Select one:
a. amphitrichous
b. atrichous
c. lophotrichous
d. monotrichous
e. peritrichous
Question 11
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If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anticodon is ______.
Select one:
a. GCA
b. CGT
c. ACG
d. CGU
e. UGC
Question 12
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What do the Gram stain, the acid-fast stain, and the endospore stain have in common?
Select one:
a. They are used on a wet mount of the specimen.
b. They use heat to force the dye into cell structures.
c. The staining outcome varies with the charge of the cell wall.
d. They use a negative stain technique.
e. They are differential stains.
Question 13
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Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from ______.
Select one:
a. inorganic compounds
b. minerals
c. water
d. organic compounds
e. salts
Question 14
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Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a
protein covering?
Select one:
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria
c. Parasites
d. Fungi
e. Yeasts
Question 15
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A pure culture contains
Select one:
a. only one identified species of microorganism.
b. only bacteria.
c. microbes from a single source.
d. a variety of species from the same genus.
Question 16
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The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called
______.
Select one:
a. flagella
b. cilia
c. fimbriae
d. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
e. sex pili
Question 17
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Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that
Select one:
a. microbes are found on dust particles.
b. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.
c. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms.
d. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom.
e. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills.
Question 18
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Which of the following metabolic system descriptions is mismatched?
Select one:
a. Cyclic - the starting molecule is regenerated to initiate another turn
b. Convergent - a linear pathway branches into two or more alternative processes
c. Linear - the product of enzyme A becomes the substrate for enzyme B
d. Divergent - one or more branches deviate from a linear path
Question 19
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Which of the following pairs of career descriptions and work tasks is not correctly matched?
Select one:
a. Industrial microbiologist -- manipulate bacterial strains to be less pathogenic
b. Agricultural microbiologist -- identify bacterial causes of crop disease
c. Public health microbiologist -- track the incidence of AIDS in a population
d. Medical microbiologist -- identify the cause of a bladder infection at a hospital lab
Question 20
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The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is the ______.
Select one:
a. prostaglandins
b. waxes
c. phospholipids
d. steroids
e. triglycerides
Question 21
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A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a ______.
Select one:
a. streptobacillus
b. Staphylobacillus
c. streptococcus
d. staphylococcus
e. palisade
Question 22
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Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called ______.
Select one:a. viroids
b. phages
c. prions
d. oncogenic viruses
e. spikes
Question 23
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Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella
Select one:
a. are used for cell motility.
b. facilitate chemotaxis.
c. facilitate phototaxis.
d. are long, whip-like structures.
e. contain microtubules.
Question 24
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Which statement is correct regarding microbial growth on food at refrigeration
temperatures?
Select one:
a. There is no growth of microbes in food in the refrigerator; the cold temperature kills or
inactivates microbial cells.b. The absence of light in the refrigerator greatly reduces the growth of most microbial
pathogens.
c. Most food does not have enough oxygen content for microorganisms to thrive.
d. The growth of microbes in food depends on their optimal growth temperature; some grow
slowly and others faster.
Question 25
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An organism that cannot grow without oxygen is a(n) ______.
Select one:
a. aerobe
b. obligate aerobe
c. facultative anaerobe
d. microaerophile
e. obligate anaerobe
Question 26
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The type of microscopy in which you would observe brightly illuminated specimens against
a black background is ______.
Select one:
a. confocal
b. dark-fieldc. phase-contrast
d. fluorescence
e. electron
Question 27
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Diagnosis of viral infections sometimes involves analyzing the patient's blood for specific
_____ that the immune system produces against the virus.
Select one:
a. glycoproteins
b. antibodies
c. complement proteins
d. antigens
Question 28
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A mutation has occurred during DNA replication while the cell was preparing to divide. As a
result of this, the codon ACU of mRNA has now become ACC. Interestingly, there is no
change to the protein being made. Why not?
Select one:
a. This is a silent mutation.
b. The original amino acid isoleucine was changed to leucine, but they are the same
variation of amino acid so no change to the protein.c. The mutation was fixed, and even though the codon is now ACC the correct amino acid
is put into place for the normal protein.
d. This is not a mutation that causes a big change, so there is no change to the protein
being made.
Question 29
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The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl group begins ______.
Select one:
a. glycolysis
b. the electron transport system
c. the Krebs cycle
d. fermentation
e. oxidative phosphorylation
Question 30
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When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins
appear as a visible, thread-like mass called ______.
Select one:
a. the nuclear envelope
b. the nucleosome
c. the nucleolusd. nucleoplasm
e. chromatin
Question 31
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Antiviral drugs are often difficult to develop, largely because
Select one:
a. viruses are obligate intracellular parasites so the drugs must enter the host cell and often
cause toxic side effects in order to destroy the virus.
b. viruses are much smaller than bacterial cells.
c. viruses are more abundant in the body than bacterial cells.
d. viruses are more pathogenic than bacterial cells.
Question 32
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In the experiments constructed by Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation, swannecked flasks were used. Why was this shape of flask used in this experiment?
Select one:
a. The glass necks needed to be open to the air, yet constructed so that bacteria would
settle in the lowest part of the neck.
b. These flask shapes were the easiest and cheapest to produce.
c. The shape of the glass neck allowed the bacteria into the flask and then into the media,
but air could not enter.d. Because the glass necks were stretched out, the heat used to sterilize the medium inside
of the flask could not kill the bacteria in the neck.
Question 33
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All bacterial cells have ______.
Select one:
a. a chromosome
b. an S-layer
c. the ability to produce endospores
d. capsules
e. flagella
Question 34
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A type of cofactor would be ______.
Select one:
a. vitamins
b. metallic ions
c. active sites
d. substrates
e. ribozymes
Question 35Correct
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A microorganism that does not have catalase or superoxide dismutase would find it difficult
to live in an environment with ______.
Select one:
a. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
c. high salt
d. temperatures above 37° C
e. high acidity
Question 36
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Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?
Select one:
a. AB → A + B
b. A + B → AB
c. AB + XY → AY + XB
d. AB + XY ↔ AY + XB
Question 37
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The Five I's of studying microorganisms include all of the following except ______.
Select one:
a. inoculation
b. incubation
c. infection
d. isolation
e. identification
Question 38
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C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 → C12 H22O11 + H2O represents
Select one:
a. the formation of a peptide bond.
b. a decomposition reaction.
c. a denaturation reaction.
d. the formation of a polysaccharide.
e. a dehydration synthesis.
Question 39
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The vesicle that originates from the Golgi apparatus and contains a variety of digestive
enzymes is the ______.
Select one:
a. centrosome
b. lysosome
c. magnetosome
d. inclusion
e. ribosome
Question 40
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Which of the following is not a type of bacterial DNA recombination?
Select one:
a. Transformation
b. Conjugation
c. Mitosis
d. Transduction [Show Less]