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NACE CP2 – EXAM question and answers latest 2023
NACE 2008 Student Manual! START OF CHAPTER 1 Corrosion is an electrochemical process involving A) flow of protons and electrons B) flow of neutrons a... [Show More] nd ions C) flow of protons and ions D) flow of electrons and ions E) flow of resistance and resistivity d Metal loss or corrosion occurs at the A) cathode B) anode C) electronic path D) metallic path b What are the four parts of the corrosion cell A) anode, resistor, electrolyte, metallic path B) anode, cathode, electron, electronic path C) anode, cathode, electrolyte, metallic path c True or False (t or f): Ions exist only in the electrolyte? t Electrons flow in a corrosion cell by which of the following paths? A) anode to cathode via electrolyte B) cathode to anode via electronic path C) anode to cathode via electronic path c At the cathodic surface in a corrosion cell, the electrons from the ____ meet ____ ions from the solution. A) cathode, hydrogen B) cathode, OH- C) anode, hydrogen D) anode, OH- c Oxidation of the metal occurs at the ____ surfaces and reduction of ____ ions occurs at the ____. A) anodic, hydrogen, cathodes B) cathode, OH-, anodic C) anodic, OH-, cathodes D) cathode, anodic, electrolyte E) cathode, hydrogen, electrolyte a True or false Is oxidation necessarily associated with oxygen? f Current flow in a corrosion cell flows which path: A) anode to metallic path to cathode B) anode to electronic path to cathode C) cathode to metallic to anode D) cathode to electrolyte to anode E) anode to electrolyte to cathode Voltage is the measure of the electrochemical difference between two electrodes in an electrolyte e _____ is the measure of the electrochemical difference between two electrodes in an electrolyte A) current B) resistance C) error D) ohms E) ohms-cm F) voltage f The ________ represents the reversible work to move a unit charge from the electrode surface through the solution to the reference electrode A) current potential B) electrode potential C) resistance potential D) ohms potential E) Faraday potential b Metals occur in nature in the form of various chemical compounds referred to as ___ A) ores B) anodic metals C) cathodic metals D) carbohydrates a The amount of energy required by a metal during the refining process determines the ___ or _______ of the metal. A) current, active state B) voltage, active state C) active resistance, voltage D) resistance, active state E) current, active resistance b During the refining stage of metal the ____ the energy, the more ____ the metal and the more tendency it has to corrode. A) higher, inactive B) lower, active C) higher, active D) lower, inactive c What is the most common iron ore? A) hemophite B) hematite C) magnesium D) calcium E) aluminum b True or false Iron is considered thermodynamically unstable? t True or false Gold is more noble than zinc? t Which of the following metals is most active? A) magnesium B) copper C) iron D) nickel E) platinum a Electromotive force (emf), is ____ in sign and magnitude to the electrode potential of the ___ less the electrode potential of the ____. A) unequal, cathode, anode B) unequal, anode, cathode C) equal, cathode, anode D) equal, anode, cathode d The driving force for electrochemical corrosion is ____ A) current B) voltage C) resistance D) ohms E) siemens-cm b In relation to a corrosion cell, ____ is the net transfer of electric charge per unit time A) current B) voltage C) resistance D) ohms E) siemens-cm a If a metallic path connects two electrodes inside an electrolyte, the ____ difference will cause a ____ to flow between them A) current, voltage B) resistance, current C) resistance, voltage D) voltage, current E) current, resistance d The more useful method of organizing metals in order of their tendency to corrode is _____ A) emf series B) pgp series C) nuclear series D) electron series E) galvanic series e The ____ expresses the exact electromotive force of a cell in terms of the activities of products and reactants of the cell A) Ernest Equation B) Faraday Equation C) Ohm's Law Equation D) Nernst Equation E) Uniform Equation d Given the Nernst Equation, using the Valence of Common Metals Table, and using the partial Standard emf Series of Metals solve: What is the potential of zinc in a 0.01 molar zinc chloride solution at 25C? A) -0.892V B) -0.287V C) -0.827V D) -0.297V E) -0.889V c E= -0.763 + (0.059/2) log (0.71 0.01/1) = -0.827V Standard conditions for pure metals in the emf series are based on one unit activity of metal ions in the electrolyte at ___ C with no impurities in the metal or electrolyte and with reference to a standard ____ electrode. A) 25, hydrogen B) 35, hydrogen C) 25, CSE D) 35, CSE E) 25, SSC F) 35, SSC a The ____ the concentration of metal ions in the electrolyte, the ____ the metal. A) lower, less active B) higher, less active C) lower, more active D) higher, less active b In reference to the temperature in a corrosion cell, in most cases, electrode at the _____ temperature becomes the ____ A) lower, anode B) higher, cathode C) lower, cathode D) higher, anode d During metal fabrication of structures, highly stressed areas of a metal will tend to be at ____ energy levels, thus more ____ than less stressed areas A) higher, active B) lower, active C) higher, inactive D) lower, inactive a True or False (t or f): Corrosion cells may form because of differences in the electrolyte t ____ cells are responsible for much of the corrosion that take place in soils, particularly in bare or poorly coated pipe A) concentration B) steady state C) carbon D) dynamic E) telluric a In many cases in naturally occurring soils, a portion of pipe lying in the more _____ soil is the ____ and in the less ____soil is the ___. A) inductive, anode / inductive, cathode B) inductive, cathode / inductive, anode C) conductive, anode / conductive, cathode D) conductive, cathode /conductive, anode c The two most common types of concentration cells involved in promoting corrosion are ____ and ____. A) oxygen, nonmettalic ion B) oxygen, calcium C) lack of oxygen, metal ion D) oxygen, metal ion d What is the most common of the cathodic depolarizers, that can maintain and promote a cathodic reaction? A) CO2 B) oxygen C) carbon D) OH- E) Hydrogen b Most corrosion on pipelines is on the ____ portion of the pipe A) sides B) top C) bottom c If a pipe is running through a section of pavement and through a section of non pavement: A) anode is the metal outside the pavement, the cathode is the metal under the pavement B) anode is the metal under the pavement, the cathode is the metal outside the pavement C) cathode is the metal under the pavement, the anode is the metal outside the pavement b In a metal ion concentration cell, the surface in contact with ____ concentration of metal ions acts as the ____ A) lower, anode B) lower, cathode C) higher, anode D) higher cathode a Theoretically, the potential of a structure changes by about ____mV for each pH unit A) 40 B) 50 C) 20 D) 70 E) 60 e The corrosion potential of a metal might be -500mV in an environment with a pH of 7, but the corrosion potential might be ____ at a pH of 8? A) -440mV B) -660mV C) -300mV D) -560mV d True or false (t or f) an acidic pH can be harmful to concrete, such as reinforced concrete structures? t A pH of less than ____ is considered to be harmful to concrete? A) 4 B) 6 C) 5 D) 2 E) 8 c The rate of corrosion is directly ____ to ____ flow? A) inproporinate, current B) inproporinate, voltage C) proportional, voltage D) proportional, current d If a 1 Amp CP system must last 40 years and the electrochemical equivalent for silicon chromium cast iron anodes is 0.75 lb/A-yr, how many pounds of anodes are needed? A) 50lbs B) 35lbs C) 25 lbs D) 45lbs E) 30lbs e All things being equal, the greater the magnitude of the difference between two voltages of metals, the ____ the current flow and rate of corrosion A) higher B) lower a True or False ( t or f) Magnesium will corrode at a slower rate when connected to steel rather than zinc? f Which reference electrode is considered a primary reference electrode because it is used to determine the potential of other secondary reference electrodes that are better suited for field use? A) CSE B) Ag/AgCI C) Calomel D) Zinc E) SHE e Most common used reference electrode for measuring potentials of underground structures? A) CSE B) Ag/AgCI C) Calomel D) Zinc E) SHE a True or false (t or f) The potential of a reference electrode in the sun can decrease from 10 to 50mV versus an electrode kept in the dark? t Which reference electrode is mostly commonly used in seawater? A) CSE B) Ag/AgCI C) Calomel D) Zinc E) SHE b [Show Less]
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NACE CP3 - Chpt 1. Mechanisms of Corrosion questions and answers 100% correct
Corrosion Zone Fe0 -> Fe++ + 2e- (soluble - reaction can keep occuring) Immunity to Passive Fe0 + 2H2O -> Fe(OH)3 + 2H+ + 2e- (insoluble - builds ... [Show More] up at the interface) Corrosion to Passive Fe++ + 3H2O -> Fe(OH)3 +3H+ + 1e- More Active (+ or -) Electronegative - Less Noble Less Active (+ or -) Electropositive - More Noble Nerst Equation A metal electrode potential is a function of the metal ion activity, which is related to metal ion concentration. As metal ion concentration increases (M^n+) the potential becomes more electropositive. At 1 molar solution of metal ions. Em = ....... ln(a^Mn+/a^Mo) Cathode Reaction Reduction Reaction Anode Reaction Oxidation Reaction SHE to CSE +316 mV SHE to SSC (SJ) +256 mV SHE to ZRE -800 mV SSC to CSE +60 mV In non-aerated soils and waters the typical reduction reaction is ... Reduction of Hydrogen H+ + e- -> Ho In aerated soils and waters the typical reduction reaction is ... Reduction of Oxygen O2 + 2H2O + 4e- -> 4OH- Corrosion Current in a Corrosion Cell Direction of positive charges flow. Anode to Cathode through the electrolyte and from cathode to anode in the metalic path. Define Polarization The electrical energy used up in the transfer of charge across the respective metal/electrolyte interfaces. Build up of product. Increase in polarization is a slowing down of the charge transfer reaction. Faraday's Law Material lost at the anode or deposited at the cathode is a function of atomic weight of the metal number of charges transferred corrosion current Cathode Depolarization Increase Anything that increases the rate of charge transfer across the interface. Increased H+ Increased aeration Increased agitation Increased temperature Increased surface area Increase iac Anode Depolarization Increase Anything that increases the rate of the oxidation reaction. Increased H+ (for steel) Increased temperature Increased Cl- Increased agitation increased surface area increased iac Cathode Polarization Increase Increased OH- (increased pH) Decreased agitation Decreased aeration Decreased temperature Decreased surface area Increased film forming ions Anode Polarization Increase Oxidation reaction at the anode is inhibited. Increased OH- (increased pH) Decreased agitation Decreased temperature Decreased surface area increased passivating ions Increased M+ concentrations Increase in Resistance in a Corrosion Cell Decreased moisture Decreased temperature Increased metal path resistance Decreased ion concentration More resistant path depolarizes both the anode and cathode. 7 Types of Corrosion Uniform Corrosion Pitting Corrosion Crevice Corrosion Galvanic Corrosion Environmentally Induced Cracking Dealloying and Dezincification - one of the alloying metals is more active. Erosion-Corrosion and Fretting [Show Less]
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NACE 1(verified answers) graded A+ already passed !2023
Anode The electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs? Anode Electrons flow away from the ______ in the external circuit. ... [Show More] Anode Corrosion usually occurs and metal ions enter the solution at the ______? Cathode The electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction is the principal reaction? Cathode Electrons flow towards the ______ of an electrochemical cell. Cathodic Protection A technique to reduce the corrosion of a metal surface by making that surface the cathode of an electrochemical cell. Corrosion The deterioration of a material, usually a metal, that results from a reaction with the environment. Corrosion Cell In order for corrosion to occur, certain conditions and elements are essential. This combination of an anode, cathode, return path and electrolyte. Crevice Corrosion Localized corrosion of a metal surface at, or immediately adjacent to, an area that is shielded from full exposure to the environment because of close proximity of the metal surface of another material. Corrosion Inhibitor A chemical substance or combination of substances that, when present in the environment, prevents or reduces corrosion. Electrolyte A chemical substance containing ions that migrate in the electric field. Galvanic Series A list of metals and alloys arranged according to their corrosion potentials in a given environment. Generalized Corrosion Corrosion that is distributed more or less uniformly over the surface of a material. Localized Corrosion This occurs at discrete sites on the metal surface. Mill Scale The oxide layer formed during hot fabrication or heat treatment of metals. Passivation A reduction of the anodic reaction rate of an electrode involved in corrosion. Pitting Corrosion Localized corrosion of a metal surface that is confined to a small area and takes the form of cavities called pits. Return Path (Metallic Pathway) This connects the anode and cathode, allowing passage of electrons, generated at the anode, to the cathode. 1 - 2 - Define Corrosion: The deterioration of a material, usually a metal, that results from a reaction with the environment. 1 - 2 - What are the elements of a corrosion cell? This combination of an anode, cathode, return path and electrolyte. 1 - 2 - Describe what happens at the anode The part that corrodes, dissolves in electrolytes, dissolves in the form of positively charges ions, electrons generated are conducted to the cathode 1 - 2 - What is the function of the electrolyte? to conduct ionic current, closes the loop in the corrosion cell, 1 - 2 - What is the function of the metallic pathway? to connect the anode to the cathode and allow passage of electrons. 1 - 2 - What is the galvanic series? a list of materials in order of their corrosion potentials, with the most easily corroded, or most active, at the top and the least active or corroded at the bottom. 1 - 2 - What is passivation? ...The formation of a protective oxide film on the surface reducing its chemical activity and its ability to corrode. 1 - 2 - The general rules of galvanic corrosion are? - When dissimilar metals are connected, the most active (or anodic) metals corrodes more rapidly, while the more noble metal is better protected and corrodes less rapidly. - As the potential difference between these two dissimilar metals increases, the rate of galvanic corrosion increases. - Corrosion rates increase as potential differences between metals increase. 1 - 2 - Name at least 5 factors that effect the rate of corrosion. Oxygen, temperature, chemical salts, humidity and pollutants and acid gases. 1 - 2 - General corrosion is: A uniform loss of material over the entire surface, easy to inspect and does not cause catastrophic failures. 1 - 2 - Localized corrosion is: discrete sites on the metal surface, pitting abd crevice, difficult to inspect. Can cause major catastrophic occurrences. 1 - 2 - List some of the common tools/methods used for corrosion control. - Design - Inhibitors - Material Selection - Cathodic Protection - Protective Coatings - Splash Zone Systems - Alteration of the environment Coatings Specifications A formal, structured document containing information on a project (such as scope, terms, schedule, inspection, etc.) Instrument Calibration History Reports Reports that normally contain information on how frequently each instrument is to be or has been calibrated. Materials Inventory Reports Reports that normally contain information on the inventory of jobsite materials, and are normally submitted periodically. MSDS A form containing data of known substances in a particular product. Quality Assurance (QA) Any systematic process that checks whether a product or service being developed is meeting specified requirements. Quality Control (QC) A procedure intended to ensure that a manufactured product or performed service meets the requirements of the client or customer. Quality Control Technician The inspector's role, primarily responsible for observing and reporting the technical aspects of a coating project and its conformance or deviation from the project specifications. Standards A term applied to codes, specifications, recommended practices, procedures, classifications, test methods, and guides that provide interchangeability and compatibility. Enhance quality, safety, and economy; they are published by a standards-developing organization or group. 1 - 4 - How does NACE define the inspector's role? as that of a quality control technician who is the primarily responsible for observing and reporting the technical aspects of a coating project and its conformance or deviation from the project specifications. Supervision is NOT considered to be part of the inspector's role. Duties are to observe, test, verify conformance (with documentation) and report. 1 - 4 - What is the inspector's responsibility when it comes to safety on a project? Safety enforcement is not the responsibility of inspector, however, it is their responsibility to report any issues that may affect the project. 1 - 4 - Name some tests that may need to be conducted during surface preparation and coating operations. - Check ambient conditions for proper relative humidity and dew-point parameters. - Ensure the surface temp. is in the required range. - Visually check for surface contaminants and perform needed tests for invisible contaminants before surface prep begins. - Check abrasive media to ensure that it is the proper size and shape per the specification - Check abrasives for cleanliness - Check air compressor for air cleanliness with a blotter test - check blast hose for proper air supply - check the blast nozzle for size and wear conditions - Check blasted surface for proper surface profile/anchor pattern - verify the blasted surface for the specified level of cleanliness - check the viscosity of the coating and its temp. - examine the application equip. to be used, ensure that equip. is functional and in good working order with correct setups. - check the DFT of each coat and verify that there are no drips, runs or holidays - check surface contaminants between applications of additional coatings - check product data sheets and material safety data sheets to ensure the proper paint is at the job site - check and document the batch numbers - check the mixing process ensure adherence to proper induction time - make sure pot life is not exceeded - verify the recoat windows 1 - 4 - Name some of the documentation/reports that may be required to be maintained on a coatings project. - daily written report using standardized forms - inspection log or notebook to record all inspection activity - routine reports - notes from weekly progress meetings - other reports, as required by the client 1 - 4 - What are the most important characteristics of a good report. - what was coated - what materials were used - when coating was done - how it was done - by whom it was done - at what overall cost it was done - what knowledge was retained in lessons learned 1 - 4 - What is the inspector's primary responsibility and what should the inspector not do as it pertains to the specification. ... 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Wenner practice NACE CP1 Exam - Do Tests (Start with Terms) correctly answered 2023
Corrosion A) is defined by NACE International as the deterioration of a material, usually a metal that results from a reaction with its environment. B)... [Show More] is produced when acids dissociate , when cation takes place C) is the division of chemistry that deals with the transfer of electric charge in chemical reactions D) involves the movement of electrons anode to cathode for the reduction reaction to occur E) is equal to the reciprocal of resistivity. a Atoms A) are positively charged particles in the nucleus B) are neutral particles in the nucleus C) are electrically charged atoms D) consist of a nucleus and orbiting electrons, the number of protons equals the number of negatively charged electrons E) are ions formed by the gaining of electrons and is negatively charged because the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons d Protons A) are positively charged particles in the nucleus B) are neutral particles in the nucleus C) are electrically charged atoms D) consist of a nucleus and orbiting electrons, the number of protons equals the number of negatively charged electrons E) are ions formed by the gaining of electrons and is negatively charged because the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons a Neutrons A) are positively charged particles in the nucleus B) are neutral particles in the nucleus C) are electrically charged atoms D) consist of a nucleus and orbiting electrons, the number of protons equals the number of negatively charged electrons E) are ions formed by the gaining of electrons and is negatively charged because the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons b PART OF WRITTEN EXAMINATION: Ions A) are positively charged particles in the nucleus B) are neutral particles in the nucleus C) are electrically charged atoms D) consist of a nucleus and orbiting electrons, the number of protons equals the number of negatively charged electrons E) are ions formed by the gaining of electrons and is negatively charged because the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons c PART OF WRITTEN EXAMINATION: Anions A) are composed of two or more atoms, molecules are the smallest unit of a substance with the same specific chemical properties of that substance B) are metals that corrode under low and high pH levels C) are ions formed by the gaining of electrons and is negatively charged because the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons D) accelerate corrosion of metal pipe in clay environments E) is an excess of OH- c PART OF WRITTEN EXAMINATION: Cation A) are composed of two or more atoms, molecules are the smallest unit of a substance with the same specific chemical properties of that substance B) loss of electrons yielding a positively charged ion C) is the negative logarithm to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration or pH = -log[H+] D) are metals that corrode under low and high pH levels E) is an ionized solution capable of conducting electricity. b Molecules A) is produced when acids dissociate , when cation takes place B) is the term applied to the loss of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule, which forms a positively charged ion, the atom or molecule decreases in negative charge (occurs at the anode) C) are composed of two or more atoms, molecules are the smallest unit of a substance with the same specific chemical properties of that substance D) is the deviation from the open circuit potential of an electrode resulting from the passage of current E) consist of a nucleus and orbiting electrons, the number of protons equals the number of negatively charged electrons c Chemical bonding A) is the force that holds atoms of molecules together B) is the division of chemistry that deals with the transfer of electric charge in chemical reactions C) is the gain of one or more electrons to an atom or molecule, which then forms a negatively charged ion or neutral element (occurs at the cathode) D) are particles that carry a negative charge E) the ratio of metal consumed producing useful cathodic protection current to the total metal consumed a Hydrogen ion H+ A)is the force that holds atoms of molecules together B) are ions formed by the gaining of electrons and is negatively charged because the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons C) is produced when acids dissociate , when cation takes place D) is an excess of H+ ions E) is an excess of OH- c Acidic A) is an excess of OH- B) is an excess of H+ ions C) when alkali dissociate, anion D) is the division of chemistry that deals with the transfer of electric charge in chemical reactions E) loss of electrons yielding a positively charged ion b pH A) when alkali dissociate, anion B) is an excess of OH- C) is the term applied to the loss of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule, which forms a positively charged ion, the atom or molecule decreases in negative charge (occurs at the anode) D) is an ionized solution capable of conducting electricity. E) is the negative logarithm to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration or pH = -log[H+] e Hydroxyl ion OH- A) when alkali dissociate, anion B) is an excess of OH- C) is the term applied to the loss of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule, which forms a positively charged ion, the atom or molecule decreases in negative charge (occurs at the anode) D) is an ionized solution capable of conducting electricity. E) is the negative logarithm to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration or pH = -log[H+] a Alkaline A) when alkali dissociate, anion B) is an excess of H+ C) is the term applied to the loss of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule, which forms a positively charged ion, the atom or molecule decreases in negative charge (occurs at the anode) D) is an ionized solution capable of conducting electricity. E) is an excess of OH- e [Show Less]
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NACE CP2 questions well answered latest 2023
oxidation loss of electrons, positive charge atoms (anode) reduction gain of electrons, negative charged atoms (cathode) forms of corrosion... [Show More] uniform, crevice, galvanic (dissimilar metals) if two metals have to be couple then best to couple metals close together in the galvanic series, pitting, intergranular, selective leaching (dezincification, graphitization), velocity phenomena, environmental cracking (corrosion fatigue, hydrogen embrittlement, SCC (Carbonates/bicarbonates) High PH Low hydrogen, alkaline, easy polarization Low PH high hydrogen, acidic, harder to polarize High oxygen/High Hydrogen concentration harder to polarize, work at the cathode only, called cathodic depolarizers. factors affecting corrosion A. anything that affects polarization. (temp. etc...) B. concentration cells (oxygen, temp, etc.) In an oxygen concentration cell, what is the anode? (i.e. the area with more or less oxygen?) In a metal ion cell, which area is the anode (i.e. the area with the greater of lower concentration)? C. Anaerobic bacteria (MIC) Absence of oxygen, depolarizer polarization a. corrosion current reduces with polarization b. polarization increases with CP current applied c. Occurs at surface of both anode and cathode. shielding a. shorted casings b. proximity of other structures c. reinforced concrete amphoteric materials corrode at low and high pH on potential native + polarization + IR drop polarized potential (off) native + polarization kirchoff's laws a. voltage (series circuits) b. current (parallel circuits) faraday's law W=KIT relates weight loss of metal in a corrosion cell with time and current flow. rate of corrosion directly proportional to current flow cathodic protection limitations -shielding issues -attenuation -interference -excessive current density -contact with other metals (shorts) measurement methods true voltage reading voltmeter reading % error calculations effect of voltmeter resistance IR correction methods test stations allow electrical connection to structure for potential measurements and bonds. Spans allow current and direction (IR drop). inistall during construction pH measure of acidity(hydrogen ion concentration) high pH is alkaline low pH is acid pH is a log function therefore each increase in pH is a factor of 10. RECTIFIER - positive to anode -negative to structure - AC suppy -AC circuit breaker -Transformer (increase or decrease voltage) -AC fuse -rectifier bridge - diodes change AC to DC -Voltmeter and Ammeter -Surge Protection -Filters Esecondary = (Eprimary x Secondary turns) / primary turns Reference electrode location the reference electrode should be placed as close to the structure as practical. (underground piping or tanks- over the center of the structure, multiple readings along the structure as required) internal surfaces of storage tanks, waterfront and offshore structures (as close to the wall as possible) impressed current vs sacrificial impressed current- higher current, better control sacrificial- no power required, less maintenance, easy to install, less land AC considerations capacitance, inductance, and resistance hazardous AC potential - 15 Vac Safe method of connecting ground0 cable to ground then to pipe arcing hazards corrosion rates from AC (current density) switching or pulse rectifiers Reference cells CuCuSO4- most common, (soil, fresh water) AgAgCL - seawater Calomel- lab Hydrogen - standard (lab) zinc- stationary Cathodic Protection protect the cathode attempts to bring the cathode potential as negative as the anode potential NACE criteria- what are the exceptions? -high temperature -bacteria -sulfides -acid environments -dissimilar metals Isolation Requirement confine protection to protected structure thus limiting the current required for protection. use for stray current with care continuity requirement bonds are necessary for continuity: mechanical fittings (compression, bell & spigot, rebar etc.) [Show Less]
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NACE CP1 - (2) questions well solved 2023
Cathode More noble region where electrons are consumed. Reduction occurs at the cathode Anode Part of the metal that corrodes. Oxidation occurs at... [Show More] the anode Return Path Connects cathode and anode and allows passage of electrons generated at the anode to the cathode Electrolyte Medium that conducts ionic (rather than electronic) current Negative Electrode Zinc case which corresponds to the anode in a corrosion cell High Voltage Detection Types 1. Rolling Spring 2. Smooth Neoprene Flaps 3. Bristle Brush Low Voltage Detectors Battery Range is: 5-120V DC General Types of Holiday Detectors 1. Low voltage DC 2. High voltage DC 3. High voltage pulsed DC 4. High voltage AC Adhesion Failures May be Caused by: 1. Contaminated surface 2. Wrong surface prep. 3. Insufficient profile 4. Exceeding topcoat window Checking can be Described as: Line cracks in the coating surface Causes of Cracking 1. Stress from movement 2. Internal stress as coating ages Common Cause of Blistering Surface contaminants: oil, moisture, and/or grease Pinholes are: Small holes in the coating Vacoules or voids are typically caused by: Air trapped in coating during mixing Cratering may be caused by: Air trapped in coating A powdery, friable layer on the surface of a coating common with epoxy coatings is: Chalking Runs, sags and wrinkles are caused by: 1. Coating applied too thickly 2. Too much thinner 3. Surface too hot 4. Improper spray technique Problems caused by amine blush 1. Surface tackiness 2. Incomplete cure 3. Poor adhesion Non drying films may be caused by: 1. Environmental issues 2. Wrong/contaminated thinner 3. Manufacturer coating issues MSDS contains following 1. Stability and reactivity 2. Handling and storage 3. PPE 4. Physical and chemical properties Coating product data sheets contain 1. Generic type 2. Description 3. Features 4. Color 5. Finish 6. Proper use 7. Performance data 8. VOC values 9. Application methods 3 ways coating is applied 1. Brush 2. Roller 3. Spray High temp concerns 1. Slow solvent evaporation 2. leaves moisture on coating surface Low temp concerns 1. Slow cure times 2. Increased viscosity Guide to enclosures SSPC Technical Update #6 Project inspection documentation provides 1. QC records 2. Management Information 3. Verification of work 4. Details of non-conformance work Good records allow management to: 1. Detect design defects 2. Evacuate coating performance 3. Develop ongoing maintenance program 4. Determine annual cost data Inspection records show: 1. Environmental conditions 2. pretreatment details 3. Cleaning details 4. Materials information 5. Coating applications 6. Tests results Documentation may include 1. Dail reports 2. Inspection logs 3. Routine reports 4. Monthly/quarterly reports People who may be required to attend 1. Owner 2. Engineer 3. Ops personnel 4. Specifier 5. Purchase agent 6. Coating manufacturer 7. Coating inspector 8. Project safety 9. Coating applicator Goals of a pre-job conference 1. HSE discussion 2. Adress/clarify emergency procedures 3. Review SOW 4. Review logistical support 5. Discuss/clarify inspector responsibilities 6. Clarify chain of command Common errors using replica tape 1. Variation in point to point profile 2. Dirt on tape/guage 3. Guage accuracy 4. Rubbing technique Standards for replica tape 1. RP-0287-95-Accuracy 2. ASTM 4417-93-Reproducibility 2 types of replica tape Coarse and extra coarse Iso comparator grades may by recorded as: 1. Finer than fine 2. Fine 3. Medium 4. Coarse 5. Coarser than coarse Depth of profile can be evaluated by: 1. Iso comparators 2. Replica tape 3. Digital profile guage Tests for soluble salts include: 1. Potassium Ferricynide 2. Bresle patch 3. Sleeve test 4. Conductivity 5. Soluble salt meters Effective inspection spec. for soluble salts should include: 1. Limits of salts acceptable 2. Specific salts limited 3. Test method 4. Frequency of testing 5. Where to administer tests 3 types of soluble salt contamination are: 1. Chlorides 2. Sulphates 3. Nitrates 3 surface profile test methods 1. Comparator and coupons 2. Replica tape 3. Profilometer NACE SSPC Waterjetting Standard NACE 5/SSPC-SP12 3 types of water blasting 1. Grit blasting w/shroud 2. Sand injected water blast 3. Slurry blast w/grit & water mix Ulta high pressure water jetting range 30K to 50K PSI High pressure water jetting range 10K to 30K PSI High pressure water cleaning range 5K-10K PSI Low pressure water cleaning range Below 5K PSI Recyclable grit types 1. Steel grit 2. Cast iron 3. Plastic beads 4. Sponge particles Abrasive media types 1. Shot grit 2. Crushed slag 3. Ceramic grit 4. Silica sand Checklist items for surface prep. 1. Ambient conditions 2. Substrate conditions 3.Pre-blast surface cleanliness 4. Shot/grit size 5. Shot/grit cleanliness 6. Surface profile 7. Operator qualification Describe low voltage holiday detectors Sensitive electronic devices powered by batteries ranging from 5-120V DC 4 Typical SSPC-SP1 pre-cleaning methods 1. Solvent spray 2. Steam cleaning 3. Emulsion cleaning 4. Alkaline cleaners Common fabrication defects 1. Laminations 2. Gouges 3. Rough welds 4. Corners Common design defects 1. Inaccessible areas 2. Welds 3. Gaps 4. Dissimilar metals 5. Overlapping surfaces Factors that may affect surface prep. 1. Residues-oils, grease, soil 2. Chemical salts residue 3. Rust on surface 4. Mill scale 5. Anchor pattern issues Surface prep should be inspected a minimum of what 3 times? 1. Before surface prep. 2. After prep, before coating 3. Between coating applications (multiple coats) Inspectors responsibilities as they relate to spec. Observe and report all technical aspects of a coating project 5 Formal specification sections 1. Scope of work 2. Terms and Definitions 3. Reference standards and codes 4. Safety 5. Surface preparation Oil based coatings applied over alkaline surfaces may result in: Saponification: High Ph forms a soap like material which reacts between the two coatings Industrial and marine coatings are commonly referred to by: Generic resin type Main ingredients for hydration coating to cure Same level of humidity as surrounding [Show Less]
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NACE 2 Ultimate Study Guide questions and answers 2023
ASTM D 4258 standard practice for surface cleaning concrete for coating ASTM D 4259 standard practice for abrading concrete ASTM D 4260 st... [Show More] andard practice for acid etching ASTM D 4261 standard practice for surface cleaning concrete unit masonry for coating ASTM D 4262 testing ph of chemically cleaned or etched concrete surface ASTM D 4263 standard test method for indicating moisture in concrete by the plastic sheet method NACE No. 6/ SSPC - SP 13 joint surface preparation standard for surface preparation of concrete SP 0178 Design, fabrication, and surface finish practices for tanks and vessels to be lined for immersion service NACE No. 1/ SSPC- SP 5 white metal blast NACE No. 2/ SSPC- SP 10 near white metal blast Eddy Current DFT Gauge non-destructive testing instrument used to measure the Dry Film thickness of a non-conductive film on a non- conductive substrate Non-conductive substrates aluminum, brass, stainless steel Eddy Current DFT Gauge AKA non-ferrous gauge UT Gauge non-destructive testing instrument uses pulse Echo to measure coating thickness on a non-metal substrate Non-metal Substrates plastic, wood, concrete, wall board ASTM D 6132 standard for measuring coating thickness on substrate by ultrasonic thickness gauge NACE standards voluntary standards using consensus procedures localized corrosion more frequently causes the need for unplanned maintenance 40% relative humidity corrosion virtually ceases Anode negative posts Anode the less noble region also where reduction occurs Cathode the more noble region Cathode positive post -0.85 minimum voltage required for cathodic protection Waterjetting standards are intended to be similar to the degree of air blast grades of flash rust light, moderate, and heavy 2 1/2 X maximum operational strength UHP an HP quipment must be rated of a burst strength Low Pressure Water Cleaning Pressures under 5,000 psi High Pressure Water Cleaning Pressures 5,000 - 10,000 psi High Pressure Waterjetting Pressures 10,000 - 20,000 psi Ultra High Pressure Waterjetting Pressures above 30,000 psi ASTM D 4541 test method uses a portable adhesion tester capable of applying a concentric load and counter load to a single surface so coatings with only one side accessed can be tested Acidic ph less than 7 Neutral ph ph is equal to7 Alkaline ph is greater than 7 Life cycle of Coating System (Steel) depends significantly on the quality of the surface preparation NACE Coating Inspector Level 2 - Certified Person is qualified to perform advanced coating inspections using both nondestructive and destructive techniques and instrumentation. Passivation production of a tightly adherent layer formed from the corrosion product Oxidation and Reduction always occur together; there is never just oxidation or just reduction General corrosion relatively uniform loss of material over the entire surface Oil, gas, and water main products that are transported through pipelines Oil, gas, and water 3 main products that are transported through pipelines Gathering pipeline collects raw gas from individual wells and move it to the gas plants where it is processed Midstream pipeline transports the processed gas from gas plants to storage facilities Transmission pipeline transports larger quantities of gas from storage facilities to different markets across the country Distribution pipeline collects the gas from the transmission system so utility companies can distribute the gas to the end users Fusion bonded Epoxy (FBE) has been one of the primary coatings on pipelines for many years, typically green or red Two-Layer Polyethylene (2LPE) most commonly used coating for pipelines 2LPE has a base layer applied directly to the steel substrate; usually black mastic (asphalt and rubber) adhesive 3LPE has a green or red layer of FBE applied directly to the steel as the primer NACE No. 3/ SSPC- SP 6 joint standard for commercial blast Asphalt coatings coatings, surface preparations, and quality control are basically the same as CTE (coal tar enamel) Insulated pipelines pipelines are very easy to identify, simply because of the readily apparent insulation Heat-Shrink Sleeves have a cross-linked polyethylene backing and a heat activated adhesive heat-shrink sleeve visual inspection ensure there is adhesive flow out beyond both edges and there are no cracks or holes heat-shrink sleeve physical inspection ensure there is no entrapped air under Liquid Epoxies look like FBE, are identified by their distinct colors; light blue, green, or gray Hot-applied tape formulated with a pliable coating completely saturated into and bonded on both sides of a high tensile strength fabric Wetting Out pasting a primer over the surface to displace any remaining moisture to ensure proper adhesion Petrolatum (Wax) Tapes composed of a synthetic fabric filled with a petrolatum compound, fillers, and anticorrosion agents Melt sticks heat activated adhesives supplied as rods, used to repair FBE Adhesive Failure ... Paint Inspection Gauge PIG ASTM D 4138 measurement of dry film thickness of protective coating systems by destructive means ASTM D 4138 method A Paint Inspection (Tooke) Gauge ASTM D 4138 method C Saberg Drill ASTM D 4752 test method for measuring MEK resistance of Ethyl Silicate Zinc-Rich primers by solvent rub ASTM D 5402 test method for measuring solvent resistance of organic coatings Tooke Gauge can be used on single or multiple coats on virtually all substrates, cutting tips mounted within body, 50 x's microscope, illumination, and reticle scale Saberg Drill equipped with 50 x's microscope and two hand wheels 1 x cutting tip resolution of reticle equals (1 mil) 2 x cutting tip resolution of reticle equals half a mil (.5) 10 x cutting tip resolution of reticle equals one tenth of a mil (.1) ASTM D 6677 evaluating adhesion with knife ASTM D 3359 standard test method for measuring adhesion by tape test ASTM D 3359 method A X cut ASTM D 3359 method B Cross hatch cutter ASTM D 3363 standard test method for film hardness by pencil test ASTM D 2583 standard test method for indentation hardness of rigid plastics by means of a Barcol Impressor Barcol Impressor can be calibrated in the field, calibration verified with aluminum disk, indicator reads 100 on glass Patina greenish oxide which developes on soft copper Maintenance Coating Operations applying coatings over a substrate that has been installed in its final environment and has been placed in service Curling the expansion, lifting, softening, or other deformation of the existing coating in rejection to the applied coating ASTM D 5064 standard practice for conducting a patch test to assess coating compatibility Feathering technique accomplished repaired areas by working the edges of the area back to achieve a fairly smooth transition from the repair area totge foreground coating Hot Dip Galvanizing coats iron or steel with a thin zinc layer by passing the steel through molten bath 820F-860F molten bath of zinc kettle temperature Thermal Spraying term used for the process of coating metal onto a steel or non-metallic substrate Flame Spraying feeding oxygen and a fuel gas into a torch and injecting powder or wire, agonizing the material onto surface High-Velocity Oxyfuel Spraying coatings are very dense with less than 1% porosity Caustic Cleaning the steel is immersed in caustic solution to remove the dirt, oil, and grease from the surface of the steel Pickling the process where the item being prepared is immersed in a tank filled with either hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, which removes oxides and mill scale Coating Survey done to gather information on the performance of the previously coated protective coatings system Cathodic Disbondment Test are the most common performance test, determine how easily a coating loosens from a substrate, or develop holidays as a result of normal soil potentials ASTM Standard G 8 standard test method for cathodic disbanding of pipeline coating Gas Liquid Chromarograph (GLC) can also identify and quantify solvent retaining coating feels Non-convertible no chemical change during the cure cycle Convertible some chemical change during the cure cycle Chlorinated Rubber single package coating, commonly use because of their excellent petro- chemical, water, and UV resistance Vinyl Coatings commonly used in water tanks and as interior linings in water pipes Acrylic Coatings resin are commonly blended with other resins because of their excellent resistance to UV degradation Bituminous Coatings are normally shop apply both hot-melt and cold-applied Polyester/ Vinylester Coatings used in special situation with a chemical or abrasion-resistant coating is required Delamination due to application after the overcoat window Blushing can be caused by moisture on the surface during the cure Air Turns is the ratio of the volume of air flowing through a space in a certain period of time Galvanic Corrosion is the electrochemical action o two dissimilar metals in contact with the presence of an electrolyte, the more reacted metal corrodes to protect the more noble know Cathodic Protection reduces or eliminates corrosion by turning the protected structure into a cathode by either an impressed current or an attachment to a galvanic anode Dehumidification remove moisture vapor from the air to lower its dew point Desiccants are substances that naturally have a high affinity for water, so high that they draw moisture directly from the surrounding environment. they absorb Silica Gel become saturated with adsorbent moisture, the [Show Less]
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New NACE CIP Level 2 NACE-CIP2-001 Practice Test – Killtest correctly answered 2023
You are the NACE Coating Inspector on a tank lining project and are asked to perform a high voltage holiday test after the coating applicators have complet... [Show More] ed their final repairs. After meeting all the confined space entry permit you enter the tank and notice a very strong odor of solvent. Your first course of action should to: A. Investigate to find the source of the odor B. Don your air supplied respirator and continue the testing C. Exit the tank and immediately and report the problem to the nearest safety supervisor D. Exit the tank and document the incident in your daily report C. Exit the tank and immediately and report the problem to the nearest safety supervisor You are working as an inspector in a galvanizing plant for the first time. What are some of the hazards you need to be aware of: A. Risk of chemical exposure B. Risk of skin C. Risk of acid or caustic splashes D. a), b), and c) D. a), b), and c) You are working as the only in-house NACE Level 2 Inspector in a shop setting when an independent 3rd party NACE Level 3 Inspector, representing the owner, presents you with a copy of a Non Conformance Report (NCR) he has written for a NACE2/SSPC SP 10 centrifugal blast which you had previously approved. Your FIRST preferred course of action is to: A. Verbally challenge the NCR B. Request a re-blast of the item in question C. Consult your supervisor D. Review the NCR with the other Inspector C. Consult your supervisor An Inspection and Test Plan is required when: A. It is always required B. When the Coating Applicator requests one C. When the Owner specifies one D. When the Inspector requests one A. It is always required The Inspectors' goal at the Pre-Job Conference is to: A. Obtain a clear understanding of the Specification B. Discuss contractual requirements C. Manage the meeting so it doesn't go off topic D. Take accurate meeting minutes for distribution A. Obtain a clear understanding of the Specification Coating Surveys are legally required: A. On commercial marine vessels and offshore platforms B. On high pressure gas lines and fireproofed structures C. On water tanks and potable water pipelines D. On food and beverage vessels and can linings A. On commercial marine vessels and offshore platforms The cost of qualified Coating Inspection is normally offset by: A. Lower Application Costs B. Lower Coating Life Cycle Costs C. Lower Safety Enforcement Costs D. Lower Supervision Costs B. Lower Coating Life Cycle Costs You are a NACE Level 2 Coating Inspector who has just arrived on a job in progress where there is no Inspection and Test Plan (ITP). The first morning you arrive the job is behind schedule and you are asked to take DIY Film Thickness readings. Your FIRST preferred course of action is to: A. Refuse to take readings until an is in place B. Develop your own methodology and proceed take the readings C. Use a generally accepted industry standard and to take readings D. Call your supervisor C. Use a generally accepted industry standard and to take readings When conducting inspections the Inspector should follow which standards: A. NACE and SSPC standards in North America B. ISO standards in Europe and Asia C. Australian standards in Australia D. The specified standards D. The specified standards You are the NACE Level 2 Coating Inspector where SSPC PA 2 has been specified with an additional requirement that no individual gauge reading shall be below a certain value. As this is not part of the standard you should: A. Ignore the additional requirement B. Enforce the additional requirement C. Call your supervisor D. Request clarification from the specifier B. Enforce the addition [Show Less]
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NACE CIP 2 Study Guides verified answers 2023
What is the cause of chalking in epoxy coating UV or radiation exposure What is polymerization cured coating? Two parts mixed together just prior ... [Show More] to use Examples of non-convertible coatings 1. Chlorinated rubber 2. Vinyl 3. Acrylic 4. Bituminous Non-convertible curing def. No chemical change during cure cycle Convertible curing def. Some chemical change during cure cycle What info should be included when sending samples to a lab? 1. Identity of materials 2. Properly packed/labeled samples 3. Chain of custody form 4. Type of analysis that is expected and the concentrations of interest Specialized tests or equipment coating inspectors may encounter 1. AA/AE Atomic Absorption/Emission 2. ISP Induction coupled plasma Spectrometer 3. GLC Gas liquid chromatographs 4. IR, FTIR, FTIR-ATR INfrared spectrophotometers 5. DSC Differential scanning calorimeters What is a cathodic dis-bondment test? Procedure to determine how easily a coating loosens from a substrate or develops holidays as a result of normal soil potentials Individuals who perform surveys 1. O-Cat or S-cat tech 2. NACE coating specialist 3. NACE Level III 4. Coating Inspector w/field experience 5. Coating manufacturer representative 6. Maintenence engineer with specific plant knowledge. Coating survey steps 1. Understand scope 2. Gather team 3. Develop survey plan 4. Review standards 5. Agree on format 6. Delegate various tasks 7. Eveluate existing coating 8. Delegate various tasks 9. Evaluate existing coating 10. Gather additional info 11. Summarize data 12. Prepare maintenance plans 13. Prepare reports/input data 14. Submit final survey reports. List some of the primary reasons surveys are performed 1. Plan maintenance. 2. Prioritize work 3. Budgetary concerns 4. Determine value of assets 5. Legal compliance Definition of a coating survey Gather baseline info needed to plan maintenance coating procedures What are faying surfaces and why not galvanize them? Surfaces that depend on friction to hold galvanizing it may/will reduce friction if they are galvanized Common problems seen during the usual inspections of HD galvanized items 1. Cracking 2. Peeling 3. Bare spots 4. Lumps 5. Blisters 6. Flux inclusions 7. Ash inclusions 8. Dross inclusions Post galvanizing treatments and why To Remove Thickness: Roll, Wipe, Centrifuge/Air Blast To change properties/To alloy: Annealing Temperature range for galvanizing kettle 820-850 F Purpose of pickling Hydrochloric or sulfuric acid bath to remove oxides and mill scale Purpose of caustic cleaning Acid bath or caustic to remove dirt, oil and grease Stages of hot dip process 1. Surface prep. 2. Galvanizing 3. Post treatment 4. Inspection Hot dip galvanizing safety 1. Can stay for some time 2. Molten metal splash 3. Nascent hydrogen above kettle Usual layers of galvanized coating consists of: 1. ETA=100% Zn 2. ZETA= 94% Zn 6%Fe 3. DELTA= 90% Zn 10 Fe 4. GAMMA= 75% Zn 25% Fe What is hot dip galvanizing? Coating iron or steel with zinc at temperatures of 820-860 F If a maintenance coating to be applied is incompatible with the existing coating system__________may occur Curling ______________ is performed at the work area by working the edges of the repaired area back to achieve a fairly smooth transition from the repair area to sound coating. Feathering With regards to maint. coating all parties should agree on___________? 1. Spot repair requirements 2. Feathering 3. Appearance of repaired areas Maint. coating selection process should take the following into consideration: 1. Compatability with existing system 2. Surface prep. 3. If abrasi ve blast is permitted and feasible When determining coating system life cycle the following should be considered: 1. Maint. costs 2. Length of coating life 3. Initial and maint. material costs 4. Intial and maint. labor costs Life cycle of a coating system can be affected by: 1. Service environment 2. Maint. intervals 3. Coating system chosen 4. Surface condition Maint. coating operations are defined as: Applying coating over a substrate that has been installed in its final environment and placed in service Some service situations where permeation may occur include: 1. Sour crude storage tanks 2. Cooling towers 3. Fertilizer plants Special substrated that have tightly adherent oxide films include: 1. Stainless steel 2. Tin 3. Nickel 4. Cadmium Non-Ferrous substrates include: 1. Stainless steel 2. Nickel 3. Copper/Nickel alloys 4. Aluminum 5. Aluminum bronzes 6. Copper 7. Bronzes 8. Brass 9. Tin 10. Cadmium 11. Lead 12. Magnesium Common reasons wood is coated 1. Decoration 2. Protection 3. Sealing 4. Stabilization 5. Preservation 6. Flame retardence The following materials can be used to repair fusion bonded epoxy: 1. Epoxy FBE melt sticks 2. LIquid epoxy 3. Repair patches Destructive tests for heat shrink sleeves include_____________ Peel test Non destructive tests for heat shrink sleeves include 1. UT 2. Physical inspection 3. Holiday inspection Pipeline coating field joints include 1. Heat shrink sleeves 2. Insulation 1/2 shells 3. Liquid epoxies 4. Cold applied tape 5. Hot applied tape 6. Fusion bonded epoxy 7. Wax tape Concrete coating characteristics include: 1. Good for wetlands 2. Can be applied in may thicknesses General application for CTE includes 1. Prime pipe 2. Apply CTE dope 3. Wrap w/glass fiber mat 4. Apply 2nd coat of CTE dope 5. Apply 2nd layer of glass met 6. Apply outer wrap of CTE impregnated glass fiber felt. 7. Cool Disadvantages of CTE coatings include: 1. Environmental concerns 2. Subject to corrosion and damage from soil stress Advantages of CTE pipeline coatings 1. Ease of application 2. Long life FBE process includes: 1. Preheat 2. Grit/shot blast to NACE #2 SSPC-SP10 3. Heat pipe 4. Apply coating 5. Cure coating 6. Quench 7. Stencil Common characteristics of FBE include: 1. Typically green or red 2. Single or two layer 3. DFT from 10-20 mils Typical plant applied coatings include 1. Two layer poly 2. 3 layer poly 3. FBE 4. Coal tar enamel 4. Asphalt 5. Concrete 6. Asphalt The majority of the pipes coated at a facilty or plant and shipped to site are called: Plant applied Construction materials may include: 1. Steel 2. Aluminum 3. Stainless steel 4. Plastic Proper safe accurate operating procedure for low voltage holiday detector Ground equipment and set for coating thickness VS voltage. Keep probe in contact with work, move slowly across surface. Don't oversaturate sponge Standards used for dry film measurement of coatings over concrete ASTM-D6132-97 and SSPC-PA9 DFT of coating on concrete can be measured by: UT thickness guage Which organization produces comparator plates for various prepared concrete surfaces? International concrete repair institute Disadvantages of plural component airless spray over single piston: 1. Higher costs 2. Education for mechanic is higher 3. Heaters require HV electric 4. Applicators job is more difficult Advantages of plural component airless over single piston: 1. Automatic, accurate material mixing 2. Ability to spray thick materials w/o thinning 3. Ability to spray materials 2/short pot lives. 4 stages powder goes thru when heat is applied? 1. Flow 2. Wetting 3. Gel 4. Curing Two curing categories of powder coating 1. Thermoplastic: Softens when heated 2. Thermo-setting: Hardens when heated Characteristics of flouropolymer coatings? 1. Non-stick 2. High temperature resistance Two main types of fireproofing coatings 1. Passive 2. Intumescent Three main types of anti-fouling coatings 1. Ablative 2. Self smoothing 3. Foul release What are anti fouling materials and how do they work? They are materials that make ships hulls distasteful, or too slick for bio-fouling material to attach Surface prep for lining installation White metal blast SA3/NACE1/SSPC 5 Describe wicking 1. Liquid travels along fibers path and can cause substrate to corrode, blister or delaminate What does re-enforcing add to a resin? Strength Some resins used in re-enforced linings: 1. Polyester 2. Epoxy 3. Vinyl ester Lining Definition A coating normally in immersion service Thermal spray safety practices 1. HP rated hoses 2. Never use compressed air to clean work area or clothing 3. Don't use plant air for breathing air Common hazards associated with specialized applications 1. Fume/dust inhalation 2. Electrical shock 3. Burns 4. Falling objects Disadvantages of water jetting 1. Expensive equipment 2. Water injection danger 3. Surface needs anchor profile 4. Collection/Disposal of water Water jet advantages: 1. Less dangerous 2. Better air quality 3. Less stringent respiratory requirements 4. Less environmental damage 5. Less clean up Water jetting safety items include: 1. Barricade work area 2. Protect electrical equipment 3. Electrical connections dry 4. Make sure hoses and fittings are not worn excessively and are rated for use Two condsiderations w/regards to back thrust 1. Operator body weight 2. Alternating operators (fatigue etc.) Water jetting is effective for removing: 1. Surface oil or grease 2. Rust 3. Concrete spatter 4. Existing coatings Typical water jetting team 1. Nozzle operator 2. Pump operator 3. Additional operators or workers Requirements for NACE 5/SSPC-SP12 1. Visual contaminants 2. Non-visual contaminants Robotic water jetting 1. A cleaning vehicle that attachs itself by vacuum, cables or magnets and is controlled by a single operator Inspection concerns during centrifugal blasting 1. monitor dust collector 2. monitor amperage of motors 3. monitor conveyor line 4. monitor line speed 5. inspect surfaces leaving line for spec. conformance Well balanced operating mix of abrasives will: 1. provide consistency of finish 2. Ensure uniform abrasive coverage Functions of a centrifugal blast machine separator include: 1. Control size of abrasive mix 2. Remove contaminants 3. Control abrasive consumption Low amperage reading on centrifugal blast machine could signify: 1. Abrasive starved wheel 2. Flooded or choked wheel Efficiency of a centrifugal blast wheels depends on: 1. abrasive operating mix 2. abriasive size 3. quantity and direction of thrown abrasive 4. condition of feed parts Centrifugal blast systems have these elements 1. Centrifugal abrasive blast wheel 2. Blast cabinet 3. Material handling system 4. Abrasive recycling system 5. Dust collector 6. Abrasives Portable centrifugal blast systems can be used on: 1. Ship decks, hull sides and bottoms 2. Storage tanks 3. Concrete floors 4. Highways and bridge decks Centrifugal blast conveyor systems are commonly used for cleaning: Plate and rolled structural shapes Basic centrifugal blast set ups include: 1. Tumbling mills 2. Multi table machines 3. Plain table machines 4. Swing tables 5. Custom designed systems [Show Less]
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