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Chapter 19 Questions and answers with complete solutions
The medical term for fainting is: A) syncope. B) altered RAS status. C) dehydration. D) vertigo. A Which of the following BEST describes status... [Show More] epilepticus? A) A seizure involving convulsions on only one side of the body B) A seizure that occurs without a known cause C) A period of drowsiness following tonic-clonic seizures D) Two or more seizures with tonic-clonic activity without an intervening period of consciousness D Your patient is waking up from a seizure; it was the patient's first seizure ever. When you ask what happened, the patient tells you she had the smell of fresh mown grass just before she seized. This sensation is known as a(n): A) tonic phase. B) postictal phase. C) clonic phase. D) aura. D The death of brain tissue due to deprivation of oxygen because of a blocked or ruptured artery in the brain is known as which of the following? A) Transient ischemic attack B) Stroke C) Aphasia D) Seizure B A hormone called insulin is secreted by the: A) islets of Langerhans in the liver. B) gallbladder found in the pancreas. C) islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. D) None of the above. C There are two types of seizures; if your patient is having a seizure that affects only one body part and does not cause her to lose consciousness, it is called a: A) tonic-clonic seizure. B) generalized seizure. C) postictal seizure. D) partial seizure. D The condition in which there is an insufficient amount of sugar in the blood is called: A) diabetic coma. B) hypoglycemia. C) hyperglycemia. D) diabetic ketoacidosis. B Your patient is a 25-year-old female with a history of diabetes. She is confused, agitated, and verbally abusive to you, and she is very sweaty. Although she refuses to give a history of the present illness, you should suspect which of the following as the likely cause of the patient's presentation? A) Failure to take her insulin B) A nondiabetic-related problem, such as a head injury or mental illness C) Failure to intake sufficient sugar D) Excessive intake of foods high in sugar, such as soda or candy C For the reticular activating system (RAS) to work correctly, what three substances are needed? A) Oxygen to perfuse brain tissue, insulin to nourish brain tissue, and sodium to keep the brain hydrated B) Oxygen to perfuse brain tissue, insulin to nourish brain tissue, and water to keep the brain hydrated C) Oxygen to perfuse brain tissue, glucose to nourish brain tissue, and sodium to keep the brain hydrated D) Oxygen to perfuse brain tissue, glucose to nourish brain tissue, and water to keep the brain hydrated D Normal consciousness is regulated by a series of neurologic circuits in the brain that comprise the reticular activating system (RAS). The RAS has simple requirements to function properly. Which one of the following items is NOT one of those requirements? A) Oxygen B) Glucose C) Water D) Sodium D During your primary assessment you find your patient has an altered mental status. This could indicate which of the following? A) Failing respiratory system B) Problems with the RAS due to hypertension C) The need for suctioning of the airway D) The need to complete a secondary assessment A Which of the following is the role of glucose in the body? A) It assists the pancreas in the manufacture of insulin. B) It provides energy for brain cells and other cells in the body. C) It allows the body to use insulin. D) It is an essential building block for body tissues, such as muscle and bone. B Which of the following is an action of insulin? A) It increases the transfer of sugar from the stomach and small intestine to the bloodstream. B) It increases the movement of sugar from the bloodstream to the cell. C) It increases the circulating level of glucose in the blood. D) It blocks the uptake of sugar by the body's cells. B If the blood sugar level is very high, which of the following may result? A) Excessive urination, excessive thirst, and excessive hunger B) Polyuria and hyperactivity C) Excessive insulin, excessive glucose, and excessive urination D) Hyperactivity, excessive thirst, and polyuria A Which of the following is characteristic of a patient with hyperglycemia? A) Use of excessive amounts of insulin or lack of adequate food intake B) A "fruity" odor of the breath C) Cool, moist skin, agitated behavior, and increased heart rate D) Sudden onset of altered mental status B As an EMT, you will be called on frequently to treat diabetic emergencies. Diabetic emergencies are usually caused by: A) poor management of the patient's diabetes. B) falls. C) hypoxia. D) pancreatitis. A The most common medical emergency for the diabetic is hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar. Which one of the factors below is NOT a cause of hypoglycemia? A) Takes too much insulin B) Reduces sugar intake by eating too much C) Overexercises or overexerts himself D) Vomits a meal B Which of the following is NOT a sign of a hypoglycemic diabetic emergency? A) Combativeness B) Slow heart rate C) Anxiety D) Cold, clammy skin B Looking at the following list, which of the items does NOT correctly compare the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia? A) Hyperglycemia usually has a slower onset than hypoglycemia. B) Hyperglycemic patients often have warm, red, dry skin, whereas hypoglycemic patients have cold, pale, moist, or clammy skin. C) The hyperglycemic patient often has acetone breath, whereas the hypoglycemic patient does not. D) The hypoglycemic patient is usually complaining of a headache, whereas the hyperglycemic patient is not. D When someone is experiencing hypoglycemia, the body attempts to compensate by using the fight-or-flight mechanism of the autonomic nervous system. Which one of the statements below is NOT one of the fight-or-flight responses? A) Blood vessels constrict. B) The heart pumps faster. C) Breathing accelerates. D) The skin is hot and dry. D Most of the diabetic emergencies that you will be called to deal with will be related to hypoglycemia. However, occasionally you will experience an instance of hyperglycemia. In the list below, which item is NOT likely to be a sign or symptom of hyperglycemia? A) Chronic thirst B) Excessive urination C) Reduced rate of breathing D) Nausea C Which of the following may result in hypoglycemia in the diabetic patient? A) Failure to take insulin or oral diabetes medications B) Lack of exercise C) Vomiting after eating a meal D) Overeating C ) Compared to hypoglycemia, which of the following is true of hyperglycemia? A) Its onset is more sudden. B) Its onset is more gradual. C) Its onset is preceded by an aura, such as hallucinations or detecting unusual odors. D) It is more easily treated in the prehospital environment than hypoglycemia. B Which of the following blood glucose levels is considered normal for an adult? A) 80 mg/dL B) 40 mg/dL C) 180 mg/dL D) 150 mg/dL A Your patient is a 44-year-old male with a history of diabetes. He is lying on the living room floor, unresponsive to all stimuli. He has a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, heart rate of 112 beats per minute, and is pale and sweaty. Which of the following should you do to treat this patient? A) Encourage the patient's family to administer his insulin. B) Apply oral glucose solution to a tongue depressor and insert it between the patient's cheek and gums. C) Place the patient in the recovery position to protect the airway and place oral glucose solution under the patient's tongue. D) Place the patient in the recovery position, administer oxygen, and monitor his airway status. D Your patient is an unresponsive 30-year-old male wearing a Medic-Alert bracelet indicating that he is a diabetic. The patient's coworkers came by his house to check on him when he did not show up for work and did not call in sick. Your assessment does not clearly indicate to you whether the patient may be hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic. Which of the following should you do next? A) Apply oxygen and begin transport without taking further action. B) Use your glucometer to check his blood sugar level. C) Use the patient's glucometer to check his blood sugar level. D) Administer oral glucose, as it will not cause additional harm in hyperglycemia, but may prevent brain damage if the patient is hypoglycemic. A For the EMT, which of the following is the most important question to ask of a diabetic patient or his family members? A) When was the last time you had something to eat? B) Do you have a fruity taste in your mouth? C) Do you have a family history of diabetes? D) What kind of insulin do you take? A Which of the following is within the EMT's scope of practice for the treatment of the diabetic patient? A) Assisting the patient with the administration of his insulin B) Administration of oral glucose C) Rectal administration of glucose D) Both A and B B Which of the following would be an acceptable substitute for the administration of commercially prepared oral glucose solution? A) Having the patient eat a banana B) Diet soda C) Having the patient eat something high in protein, such as a deli sandwich D) Cake icing D [Show Less]
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HIT-1 Chapter 3 Test Questions and answers updated 2023
Which of the following best describes the most important function of the health record? Storing patient care documentation. Who are the primary use... [Show More] rs of the health record? Clinical professionals who provide direct patient care Which of the following elements is typically found in the paper health record? Patient identification Which of the following is an example of information? The number of patients discharged has increased 175% over the past year. How many linear filling inches can a shelving unit hold based on the following data? Shelving unit shelf width=36 inches Number of shelves per unit=9 shelves Average record thickness-1/2 inch 324 Which of the following assists in locating misfiles in the paper-based filling systems? Color coding Which one of the following are included in a list of institutional users of the health record? Blue cross and Blue Shield The services provided by HIM departments in acute care hospitals usually include all the following except: A.) Medical transcription B.) Medical billing C.) Clinical coding D.) Release of information B.) Medical billing The patient registration department assists the HIM department in what way? Assigning the health record number Which of the following is an example of virtual HIM? Employees who code from home Which of the following HIM tasks is eliminated by the electronic health record system? Assembly The master patient index _____________________. A.) Contains diagnosis and procedure information B.) Contains basic demographic information about the patient C.) Is used to organize the documentation D.) Is used for alphabet filling systems B.) Contains basic demographic information about the patient Consider the following sequence of numbers. What filling system is being used if these numbers represent the health record numbers of three records filed together within the filling system? 36-45-99 37-45-99 38-45-99 A.) Straight numerical B.) Terminal digit C.) Middle digit D.) Unit B.) Terminal digit The annual volume statistic for general hospital are noted below. How many shelving units will be required to store this year's inpatient discharge records? Average inpatient discharges=12,000 Average inpatient record thickness=3/4 inch Shelving units shelf width=36 inches Number of shelves per unit=6 A.) 41 B.) 41.67 C.) 42 D.) 74 C.) 42 Reviewing the health record for missing signatures, missing medical reports, and ensuring that all documents belong in the health record is an example of what type of analysis? A.) Quantitative B.) Qualitative C.) Statistical D.) Outcomes A.) Quantitative The coding of clinical diagnoses and healthcare procedures and services after the patient is discharged is what type of review? A.) Proactive B.) Prospective C.) Concurrent D.) Retrospective D.) Retrospective The release of information function requires the HIM professionals to: A.) Follow clinical coding rules B.) Abstract data into another system C.) Disclose patient identifiable information to a third party D.) Audit the healthcare claim C.) Disclose patient identifiable information to a third party Which system is the best suited for a small healthcare facility such as a one-physician practice? Alphabetic filling system In which of the following system does an individual receive a unique numerical identifier at the time of first encounter with a healthcare facility and maintain that identifier for all subsequent encounters? Unit numbering system A record not completed within the time frame specified in the medical staff rules and regulations is called a ______________. A.) Suspended record B.) Incomplete record C.) Delinquent record D.) Purged record C.) Delinquent record Which of the following should be taken into consideration when designing a health record form? Including original and revised dates Which of the following statements describes alphabetical fillings? File the record alphabetically by the last name, followed by the first name, and then the middle initial. Which of the following lists of names is in correct order alphabetical filling? A.) Smith, Carl J. Smith, Mary A. Smith, Paul M. Smith, Thomas B.) Carl J. Smith, Mary A. Smith, Thomas Smith, Paul M. Smith C.) Smith, A. Mary Smith, J. Carl Smith, M. Paul Smith, Thomas D.) Smith, Thomas Smith, Carl J. Smith, Mary A. Smith, Paul M. A.) Smith, Carl J. Smith, Mary A. Smith, Paul M. Smith, Thomas Which of the following is a micro-graphic method of storing health records in which each document page is placed sequentially on a long strip? A.) Document image B.) Microfilm roll C.) Microfilm jacket D.) Microfiche B.) Microfilm roll Which of the following tools is usually used to track paper-based health records that have been removed from their permanent storage locations? A.) Deficiency slips B.) Master patient index C.) Outguides D.) Requisition slips C.) Outguides Which of the following filling methods is considered the most efficient? A.) Alphabetical filling B.) Alphanumeric Filling C.) Straight numeric filling D.) Terminal digit filling D.) Terminal digit filling Which of the following indexes is key to locating a health record? A.) Disease index B.) Master patient index C.) Operation index D.) Physician index B.) Master patient index Which one of the following is in terminal digit order? A.) 12-56-46, 13-58-39, 14-45-87, 15-85-22 B.) 12-56-36, 13-58-39, 14-75-87, 15-85-98 C.) 04-43-21, 55-32-07, 03-65-32, 19-54-02 D.) 33-56-45, 14-62-22, 17-77-01, 28-82-30 B.) 12-56-36, 13-58-39, 14-75-87, 15-85-98 An addendum to the health record should be dated _________. A.) The day that the error was identified. B.) The day the care provided occurred. C.) The day the addendum was created. D.) The day patient was discharged. C.) The day the addendum was created. Why should the copy and paste function should not be used in the electronic health record? The content may contain outdated information. What committee over see the development and approval of new form for health records? Health information management committee. What is the software that is used for voice recognition known as? A.) Data mining B.) Voice mail C.) Electronic health record D.) Natural language processing D.) Natural language processing How can the healthcare facility determine which physician has the best patient outcome? A.) Qualitative analysis B.) Data mining C.) Quantitative analysis D.) Version control B.) Data mining Critique the statement: Version control is not an issue in the EHR. A.) This is a true statement. B.) There are issues related to versions of documents, such as there must be a flag to indicate a previous version. C.) There are issues related to versions of documents, such as each versions should be visual to all users. D.) There are issues related to versions of documents which include the need to delete the old version when a new one is added. B.) There are issues related to versions of documents, such as there must be a flag to indicate a previous version. [Show Less]
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NUR 3405 (Quiz 2) questions and answers with verified content
Derek is considering where he will search for literature. Given his research question, he identifies MEDLINE as the best place to start. Which stage of ... [Show More] the literature review process does this represent? A. Devise search strategy B. Document search decisions and actions C. Abstract D. Search for, identify, and retrieve potential primary source materials E. Evaluate and analyze the studies A. Molly keeps detailed notes to track her literature review progress. She uses EndNote to capture a running bibliography of papers she retrieves. Which stage of the literature review process does this represent? A) Devise search strategy B) Document search decisions and actions C) Abstract D) Search for, identify, and retrieve potential primary source materials E) Evaluate and analyze the studies B. After Sandra reads the full text of each source, she adds details about relevant articles to matrix. the process helps her pull out the most important details from the article, including the finings and her own personal rating of the article. Which stage of the literature review process does this represent? A) Devise search strategy B) Document search decisions and actions C) Abstract D) Search for, identify, and retrieve potential primary source materials E) Evaluate and analyze the studies C. Creating abstracts - brief summaries - provides tremendous payoffs. You are drawing on key pieces of information you have discovered to create notes that will be useful to you and others. Sofia uses Boolean operators and wildcard characters to expand her search results as she navigates each database Which stage of the literature review process does this represent? A) Devise search strategy B) Document search decisions and actions C) Abstract D) Search for, identify, and retrieve potential primary source materials E) Evaluate and analyze the studies D. Developing skills for effectively searching electronic databases will make it easier to access the best and most applicable evidence when conducting a literature search. Key skills to develop are selection g best keywords and terms to use to guide your search on a topic Dianna looks across all of the research she's reviewed and considers questions such as, "What is the pattern of evidence"?, How much evidence is there?", and "To what types of people or settings does that evidence apply?" What stage of the literature review process does this represent? A) Devise search strategy B) Document search decisions and actions C) Abstract D) Search for, identify, and retrieve potential primary source materials E) Evaluate and analyze the studies E. When beginning a literature search for relevant evidence, the researcher selects databases to review. Which database is most likely to include nursing studies? A. CINAHL B. Google Scholar C. PubMed D. Medline A. A nurse is completing a literature review, the nurse has several ideas for a focus, but has not nailed down a specific topic for a examine. Which step would be most helpful to follow at this stage? A. Retrieve and print source materials B. Review abstracts for articles C. Formulate a clear research question D. Screen and read articles C. A nurse is trying to pride the best search results possible suing keywords searches. What is an appropriate tip to provide in order to achieve this goal? (Select all that apply.) A. Use wildcard characters B. Use Boolean logic (e.g. AND/OR operators) C. Create a presentation to summarize results D. Evaluate and lazy studies E. Create an abstract A, B A nurse is looking across all of the studies reviewed to date and asks questions such as, "What is the pattern of evidence?", How much evidence is there?", and "How consistent is the evidence?" The nurse is in what stage of the literature review process? A. Devise a search strategy B. Formulate and refine primary and secondary questions C. Evaluate and analyze the studies D. Read and screen sources C. When conducting a research literature search, which activity is the most reliable way to identify new scholarly references? A. Search novel Internet websites for up-to-date information B. Change topics and use new key search terms C. Review materials in commercial websites D. Note relevant citations in the articles being reviewed D. Sofia's assignment is to conduct a literature search on a "description of nursing students" involvement in faculty research endeavors. Sofia was instructed to use PubMEd as her database for her literature search. What should Sofia's next step be? A. She should go to PubMed and input search terms B. She should devise a search strategy C. She should search for themes A Sofia did not devise a search strategy and went directly to PubMed and entered terms "nursing students", "faculty", and "research" to find out relevant information about the description of nursing students' involvement in faculty research endeavors, How many results would you expect to see from her search? A. less than 100 B. 100-200 C. More than 1,000 C Sofia is frustrated because she is trying to find relevant information for her assignment. her search so has resulted in thousands of studies that don't apply to her research topic. Sofia reviews her textbook, returns to PubMed, limits her search to the last five years, and identifies MeSH terms for her keywords: "faculty mentoring," "undergraduate nursing student," and "student research." This time, Sofia gets more targeted results. Total article results were N=44 What should Sofia's next step be? A. Review the abstracts of each article snd omit articles that are obviously irrelevant B. Integrate information and synthesize literature C. Revise her search A In conducting a subject search in an electronic database, the nurse would most likely initiate the search by type in: A. a research design. B. an author's name C. the name of a journal D. a keyword or phrase D When the nurse searches for nursing topics, what electronic database includes the most nursing literature? A. CINAHL B. MEDLINE C. ERIC D. MedPub A A researcher begins the searching process by entering key terms. The search yields over 180 potential articles. Which action in the screening process would be the most approbate next step in identifying useful articles? A. Identifying MeSH terms in making keywords more specific B. Leave out keywords int he next search phase C. Read the abstract of each article to narrow the number or articles D. Review some of the studies for alternate keywords A A researcher has narrowed a search of electronic database 15 potential references. Which action in the screening process would be the most appropriate next stop in identifying useful articles? A. Reading the reports in their entirety B. Reviewing the abstracts C. Comparing databases for duplicate-refeeces reports D. Evaluating search terms A When a nurse conducts a literature search, what is the advantage of having a well-though-out search strategy? (select all that apply) A. Saves time B. Decreases frustration C. Ex[ands the scope fo the search' D. Locates a larger number of general references E. Locates more relevant and useful resources A, B, E a researcher interested in palliative care asks a group of eight search participants: "What does palliative care mean to you?" What type of qualitative data collection methods is being used? A. Structured interview B. Descriptive notes C. Focus group C A researcher is interested in assessing the eating habits of nurses during the night shift in the emergency Department. The researcher is given permission to sit at a corner desk and assess the nurses. The researcher documents activity and conversations as they occur. What type of qualitative data collection method is being used? A. Observation using reflective noted B. Observation using descriptive file notes C. Critical incident interviews B The researcher is interested in geriatric patients' dental hygiene activities. She assesses her subjects from a distance without disturbing them during tooth brushing. What type of data collection method is being used? A. Self report B. Observation C. Biophysiologic measures B A researcher wants to assess the anxiety levels of her research participants. She creates a visual analog scale and gives it to her research participants to complete. What type of data collection method is being used? A. Self report B. Observation C. Biophysiologic measures A A research study was conducted examining the effects of massage to induce relaxation in px with cancer. The researchers measured salivary cortisol to assess neuroimmunoloigcal parameters. What type of data collection method is being used? A. Self report B. Observation C. Biophysiologic measures C Which of the following are methods used by qualitative researcher? (select all that apply) A. focus groups B. unstructured interviews C. Biophysiologic measures D. Structured interviews E. Reflective field notes F. Semi-structured interviews A, B, E, F Which of the following are methods used by quantitative researcher? (select all that apply) A. Visual analog scales B. Focus groups C. Biophysiologic measures D. Structured interviews E. Reflective field notes F. Likert scales A, C, D, F A nursing student studies data collection in nursing research. What is the most widely used data collection method by nurse researchers? A. Self-reports B. Observation C. Biophysiologic measures D. Records A A researcher is planning a study in which pain levels are measured. What is the name of a self-report pain scale that utilizes a straight line measuring 100 mm? A. Faces scale B. 0-10 scale C. Likert scale D. Visual analog scale D A researcher is planning a quantitative study on the effect of early ambulation in his replacement clients. What data collection methods are appropriate for this quantitative study? (Select all that apply) A. Observation B. Open-ended interviews C. Biophysiologic measures D. Focus groups E. Self-reports A, C, E A nurse researcher plans a qualitative study on the expense of miscarriage. Why would interviewers be preferable to questionaries when studying this topic? A. Interviewers require less training of research personnel B. The quality of the data tends to be higher with interviews C. Interviewers yield data that are easier to analyze D. Interviewers are less expensive B A nurse staying the problem of ventilator-acquired pneumonia plans for data collection in the intensive care unit. What statement is most accurate regarding measuring biophysiologic variables? A. These measures often prove insignificant B. These variables historically conflict with other measures C. These measures are reliable when measured correctly D. These variables are difficult to measure with accuracy C Predicts the existence of a relationship between variables, not its direction A. Research hypothesis B. Hypothesis directional (HD) C. Null hypothesis D. Hypothesis nondirectional (HD) D Predicts the direction of a relationship between variables A. Research hypothesis B. Hypothesis directional (HD) C. Null hypothesis D. Hypothesis nondirectional (HD) B Expresses the absence of a relationship between the variable under study (used in statistical testing) A. Research hypothesis B. Hypothesis directional (HD) C. Null hypothesis D. Hypothesis nondirectional (HD) C The actual hypothesis is a researcher wishes to test, stating the anticipated relationship between two or more variables A. Research hypothesis B. Hypothesis directional (HD) C. Null hypothesis D. Hypothesis nondirectional (HD) A "Woman who job regularly are more likely than those who do not to have amenorrhea" A. Research hypothesis B. Hypothesis directional (HD) C. Null hypothesis D. Hypothesis nondirectional (HD) B It explicitly predicts that those who job regularly are likely to have amenorrhea "A person's emotional status is not affected by a relocation to a nursing home." A. Research hypothesis B. Hypothesis directional (HD) C. Null hypothesis D. Hypothesis nondirectional (HD) C "There is a relationship between stress and student success." A. Research hypothesis B. Hypothesis directional (HD) C. Null hypothesis D. Hypothesis nondirectional (HD) D The study aimed to explore the prince of living with the stigma of being suicide survivor. What is the statement an example of? A. Purpose statement B. Research question C. Research hypothesis D. Null hypothesis A This statement indicates the aim or purpose of this quantitative study was to explore what it s like to be auspice survivor The quality of life for people with chronic hepatitis C is the same as that of people without cherubic hepatitis. What is the statement an example of? A. Purpose statement B. Research question C. Research hypothesis D. Null hypothesis D The statement predicts that there is no relationship between a person having chronic hep C and her or her quality of life; this the basis for a statistical test, not an actual research hypothesis. Patients who have have had diabetes for longer periods of time (10+ years) are more likely to report sx of active coronary syndrome (ACS) than px with diabetes for shorter periods. What is the statement an example of? A. Purpose statement B. Research question C. Research hypothesis D. Null hypothesis C The statements predicts that there is a relationship between sx of ACS and the length of time having diabetes. It is a directional hypothesis A nurse researcher develops a problem statement for a study. what component is included in a well-structured problem statement for nursing research? A. Difficulties in collecting data for the study B. Anticipated study findings C. Gap in knowledge about the problem D. Sustainability of the problem C In determining a problem statement, the nurse considers several ideas. What is a major source of ideas for research problems? (Select all that apply) A. American Nurses Association policy statements B. Personal nursing experience C. Theories or conceptual frameworks D. Nursing code of ethics E. Nursing literature B, C, E A nurse reviews a study on nutrition in children. Which phrase describes the following statement: "Children who watch an average of two or more hours of television per day will have higher BMI's than children who watch less than two hours of television per day?" A. Directional research question B. Non-directional research question C. Non-directional hypothesis D. Direction research hypothsis D A nurse researcher develops a purpose stamens for a quantitative study. Which comment is included in a well-constructed purpose statement for nursing research? A. Identifies the research method used B. Suggests the consequences fo the study C. Indicates the data collection method D. Identifies key study variables D In differentiating between quantitative and qualitative research, what is a comment of the purpose statement in a qualitative study? A. Study variables and concepts B. Background of the study C. Cause and effect statement D. The phenomenon D In which step of the research process would Diana decide if she wanted to perform a quantitative study or qualitative study on alarm Fatigue? A. Analyze and interpret the results B. Define and describe the knowledge gap or problem C. Implement the study D. Develop a detailed plan A [Show Less]
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Chapter 5 Questions:(questions and answers,100% accurate answers)
Building trust is important in? A. The orientation phase of the relationship B. The problem identification subphase of the relationship C. All phases of... [Show More] the relationship D. The exploitation subphase of the relationhip A. Abstract standards that provide a person with his or her code of conduct are? A. Values B. Attitudes C. Beliefs D Personal philosophy A. Ideas that one holds as true are? A. Values B. Attitudes C. Beliefs D. Personal philosophy C. The emotional frame of reference by which one sees the world is created by? A. Values B. Attitudes C. Beliefs D. Personal philosophy B The client tells the nurse "My biggest problem right now is trying to deal with a divorce. I didn't want a divorce and I still don't. But it is happening anyway". Which of the following responses by the nurse will convey empathy? A. Can you tell me about? B. I'm so sorry. No wonder you are upset C. Sounds like it has been a difficult time D. You must be devastated C. Which of the following are specific tasks of the working phase of a therapeutic relationship? (Select All) A. Begin planning for termination B. Build trust C. Encourage expression of feelings D. Establish nurse-client contract E. Facilitate behavior change F. Promote self-esteem C, E, F Confidentiality means respecting the clients right to keep their information private. When can the nurse share information about the client? A. The client threatens to harm a family member B. Sharing the information is in the client's best interest C. The client gives written permission D. The client legal guardian ask for information E. The client is discharged to the parents care F. The client admits to domestic abuse A, C, D [Show Less]
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Ch. 4 Systems Analysis questions and answers latest updated
What five questions typically are used in fact-finding? What other questions does the Zachman Framework include? Isthe addtional questions important? 1. T... [Show More] he five fact-finding questions are the familiar Who, What, Where, When, and How. Who - Who performs each of the procedures. What- What is being done, and what procedures are being followed. Where - Where are the operations being performed. Where they could be performed. When - When is the procedure performed, why is it being performed at this time, and is this the best time. What is a sytems requirement, and how are systems requirements classified? 2. A system requirement is a characteristic that must be included into the system as it is being developed to satisfy all business requirements so it can satisfy the end user. They can be categorized into outputs, inputs, processes, performance and security. What are JAD and RAD, and how do they differ from traditional facr-finding methods? 3. JAD - Joint Application development, this is a popular fact finding technique that brings users into the development process as active participants. RAD - Rapid application development, this is a team based technique that speeds up information systems development and produces a functioning information system. The primary advantage is that the systems can be developed more quickly with the significant cost savings. What is total cost of ownership (TCO)? What costs often are understandable? 4. TCO is where system developers must identify and document indirect expenses that contribute the total cost of a system. Indirect costs are underestimated Provide three examples each of closed-ended, open-ended, and range-of-response questions. 5. Open-ended questions encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses: such as "How is the task performed?", "What are the users saying about the system?", "How are the checks reconciled?" Close-ended questions limit or restrict the response. Three examples: "How many computers do you have in this department?", "How many hours of training does a clerk receive?", "How many customers ordered products from the website last month?" Range of response questions are close ended questions that ask the person to evaluate something by providing limited answers to a specific response on a numeric scale. Three Examples: "How would you rate the company's security system?", "On a scale of 1 to 10 how effective was your training?" What are three types of sampling? Which one would you use to analyze data input errors? 6. Three Examples of sampling: Systematic - selects every tenth person for evaluation. Random - this is done randomly Stratified - select five customers from each four postal codes. What is the Hawthorne effect? how various changes in the work environment would affect employee productivity. What is a functional decomposition diagram (FDD) and why would you use one? Explain how to create an FDD. functional decomposition diagram (FDD) is a top down representation of a function or process. You would use one when you are at several stages of the development process. What are agile methods? Are they better than traditional methods? Why are why not? 9. Agile method - is the attempt to develop a system incrementally, by building a series of prototypes and constantly adjusting them to user requirements. Yes they are better than traditional methods because they are for planning and development as well as deliver and improvement of a system To what three different audiences might you have to give a presentation? 10. The three different types of audiences would be Senior manager, project manager, and team leader. For the senior manager you would have to give short descriptions of the existing IT systems and a short description of new and improved systems. As for project manager you should give the a very detailed description of the project. And a team leader would be giving details of a current process in progress. The hardest would have to be to the project manager since it has to be very detailed and thorough of the project as a whole. As well as provide details about total cost of the system. [Show Less]
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Chapter 5 Questions:(questions and answers with complete top solutions)
Building trust is important in? A. The orientation phase of the relationship B. The problem identification subphase of the relationship C. All phases of... [Show More] the relationship D. The exploitation subphase of the relationhip A. Abstract standards that provide a person with his or her code of conduct are? A. Values B. Attitudes C. Beliefs D Personal philosophy A. Ideas that one holds as true are? A. Values B. Attitudes C. Beliefs D. Personal philosophy C. The emotional frame of reference by which one sees the world is created by? A. Values B. Attitudes C. Beliefs D. Personal philosophy B The client tells the nurse "My biggest problem right now is trying to deal with a divorce. I didn't want a divorce and I still don't. But it is happening anyway". Which of the following responses by the nurse will convey empathy? A. Can you tell me about? B. I'm so sorry. No wonder you are upset C. Sounds like it has been a difficult time D. You must be devastated C. Which of the following are specific tasks of the working phase of a therapeutic relationship? (Select All) A. Begin planning for termination B. Build trust C. Encourage expression of feelings D. Establish nurse-client contract E. Facilitate behavior change F. Promote self-esteem C, E, F Confidentiality means respecting the clients right to keep their information private. When can the nurse share information about the client? A. The client threatens to harm a family member B. Sharing the information is in the client's best interest C. The client gives written permission D. The client legal guardian ask for information E. The client is discharged to the parents care F. The client admits to domestic abuse A, C, D [Show Less]
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Philosophy Exam 1 (Study Shesh) questions and answers, graded A+
How does philosophy differ from other disciplines, especially with respect its aims and methods? How do philosophical questions differ from questions asked... [Show More] in other disciplines? What is Philosophy? exists when and where definite knowledge does not. Philosophy doesn't rely on experiments or observations, and it doesn't have a formal method of proof Even field of scholarship has its own methodologies, its own method of 'proof', and its own method of asking the right question that leads to further understanding. The difference between philosophy and social science is no exception. In particular, philosophy concerns a great many things that social science does not. And the methodology is very different, too. The best social science relies on statistics to apply the scientific method to the science. Philosophy does not. On the use of statistics, Fisher may have been overly optimistic, but I still think a lot of what he said in R A Fisher: Statistical Methods Introduction still holds true, at least for the best social science. Philosophers differ from other disciplines seeking knowledge in that they seek to understand knowledge in general: they seek to understand what knowledge itself is. Philosophy is the critical, analytical, and purely theoretical study of man, his environment, cosmos, religion. It is also the love of wisdom. It is different from the studies of other subjects because: 1) It studies every other subject. Philosophy, does not have a specialised or cut out subject matter like other subjects. there is philosophy of law, philosophy of biological science, philosophy of cosmos, philosophy of religion, philosophy of morals, philosophy of science and many others. 2) Philosophy has many schools of thought compared to other subjects. Ranging from empiricism,rationalism, relativism, objectivism, functionalism, pragmatism and even behaviourism,just to name a few. 3) Philosophy makes you question all your basic assumption. it invites you to think rationally and critically on any and all subject matter, be it material or immaterial. Hence why it is sometimes called an abstract science. It raises the bar of the kinds of question society demands to be asked. 4) Philosophy also studies the basic and underlining principles guiding the other subjects and it does not just accept anything for the sake of accepting. What is the relationship of philosophy and science? Philosophy and religious faith? Philosophy and history, art, psychology, anthropology, politics, and literature? Is philosophy a single path and all other paths are different? Let's look at science for example, Science is using experimental or mathematical proofs to try and determine the nature of the universe, It uses facts and data to prove something. Then we have Philosophy, In Philosophy, we use rational thinking, logic and thought experiments to try and argue for a specific case, as there really is no right and wrong answer, since it is impossible to find one in the first place. For example, using mathematical reasoning to find the meaning of life. It's impossible. This is why age old philosophical questions such as "Do we have freewill" or "Does God Exist" have been debated for hundreds if not thousands of years, there is no way to prove something in Philosophy, only argue for it. Actually, historically, 'philosophy' (which means the Greek 'love of wisdom') was first used of Pythagoras, 6th century BCE) was the term used for many forms of inquiry we would (today) call geometry, mathematics, cosmology (the origin and nature of the cosmos), the history of ideas, politics, ethics, our relationship with the good, the true and the beautiful, the sacred (including the existence of God or gods), the significance of birth, aging, death, and the possibility of life after life, and more. The widespread, comprehensive nature of philosophy is reflected today in the fact that any person who receives a "Ph.D." is technically receiving a doctorate in philosophy (Ph.D. stands for doctor philosophiae in Latin). Philosophy, today, may be practiced in a way that links and is in partnership with multiple other disciplines. The different fields of inquiry (law, medicine, logic, theology, mathematics, the natural sciences, psychology, etc.) came to form their own disciplines over time as they emerged as distinctive forms of inquiry with their own philosophical presuppositions. So, in the practice of law, one assumes the existence of persons in society who are capable of rational disputes over responsibility and the importance of comparing the cogency of different models of governance. If, rather than assume such a 'common sense' perspective, one wants to question whether any of our perceptions and beliefs about reality are reliable this would not be a question for lawyers, but a question that would be addressed in what is often called epistemology (or the theory of knowledge). You will find below some observations on the relationship of philosophy to: Science Religious faith History Art Psychology Literature Though many other areas are equally significant. Philosophy and science: the term "science" emerged in English in the 19th century. Earlier, someone we called a scientist would be called a natural philosopher. In fact, Darwin thought of himself as a natural historian. The sciences themselves may be thought of as based on a philosophy of nature and inquiry, an account of observations and hypotheses, confirmation and falsification, reason and reliability. The history of science was, from the beginning in Ancient Greece, virtually inseparable, but today the sciences are often thought of as providing an increasing body of evidence and theories that are vital for philosophical reflection. For example, is biological evolution (and chemistry and physics) able to account for ethics and religion? Moreover, the value of science is frequently a topic for philosophical inquiry. In the history of science one may also see the influence and study of human life, animal consciousness, space and time that have important implications for our values and the meaning of life. A good philosophy department, in our view, is one that takes seriously both the intrinsic value of philosophy as a field, while also appreciating how bc1e50abb0875b616b9fe46ddbc92227philosophy plays a role in all other disciplines -for example, physics rests on or involves a worldview or philosophy of the physical and methods- and how students with non-philosophy majors can benefit from taking one or more courses in philosophy. Science majors may particularly be drawn to courses in the philosophy of science, the philosophy of space and time, the Making of the Modern Mind, for example. An art major may benefit from the course Aesthetics, offered by the Philosophy Department, which focuses on the philosophy of art. THE ART OF WONDERING James Christian, PhD The following pages may cause you to wonder That's what philosophy is. Wondering. To philosophize is to wonder about life--- about right and wrong, love and loneliness, war and death, about freedom, truth, beauty, time... and a thousand other things. To philosophize is to explore life. It means breaking free to ask questions. It means resisting easy answers. To philosophize is to seek in oneself the courage to ask painful questions. But if, by chance, you have already asked all your questions, and found all the answers--- if you're sure you know right from wrong, and whether God exists, and what justice means, and why men fear and hate and pray--- if indeed you have done your wondering about freedom and love and loneliness and those thousand other things, then the following pages will waste your time. Philosophy is for those who are willing to be disturbed with a creative disturbance. Philosophy is for those who still have the capacity for Wonder! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About Philosophy Lou Reich, PhD "Philosophy" is a highly personal undertaking. It is possible to come to answers that actually work, for you. It is possible to have well thought through positions that recognize the existence of contrary views. You can "cut your teeth," so to speak, on having well thought through views by critiquing other people's well thought through views. It is, of course, easier to sit back and "criticize" another's views rather than to offer a reasoned critique of one's own. But in trying to do that we can develop our own views with the input of thinkers concerned with the same kinds of issues that we are concerned with, and whose thought can be food for our thought. There must be an element of judgment involved in the undertaking. I cannot make yours, and you cannot make mine. But we can reason with each other ( offer reasons for our conclusions ), and even if we disagree on certain things we can come away respecting each other as reasonable people. As I said at the beginning of the Course, it is not as if one could say that, " Philosophy says this about that." As an exploration of life, philosophy is ongoing as long as we live and breathe. Exploring life's "nooks and crannies" along the way is not a bad way of being human. Trying to understand; seeking good reasons to answer our questions one way or the other, and not accepting "easy answers" to our deepest questions merely or solely on the basis of emotional satisfaction---these things constitute a part of both the challenge and the dignity of being human! [Philosophical Questions] This is, however, only a part of the truth concerning the uncertainty of philosophy. There are many questions—and among them those that are of the profoundest interest to our spiritual life— which, so far as we can see, must remain insoluble to the human intellect unless its powers become of quite a different order from what they are now. Has the universe any unity of plan or purpose, or is it a fortuitous concourse of atoms? Is conscious- ness a permanent part of the universe, giving hope of indefinite growth in wisdom, or is it a transitory accident on a small planet on which life must ultimately become impossible? Are good and evil of importance to the universe or only to man? Such questions are asked by philosophy, and var- iously answered by various philosophers. But it would seem that, whether answers be otherwise discoverable or not, the answers suggested by phi- losophy are none of them demonstrably true. Yet, however slight may be the hope of discovering an answer, it is part of the business of philosophy to continue the consideration of such questions, to make us aware of their importance, to examine all the approaches to them, and to keep alive that speculative interest in the universe which is apt to be killed by confining ourselves to definitely ascertainable knowledge. Many philosophers, it is true, have held that philosophy could establish the truth of certain answers to such fundamental questions. They have sup- posed that what is of most importance in religious beliefs could be proved by strict demonstration to be true. In order to judge of such attempts, it is necessary to take a survey of human knowledge, and to form an opinion as to its methods and its limitations. On such a subject it would be unwise to pronounce dogmatically; but if the investigations of our previous chap- ters have not led us astray, we shall be compelled to renounce the hope of finding philosophical proofs of religious beliefs. We cannot, therefore, include as part of the value of philosophy any definite set of answers to such questions. Hence, once more, the value of philosophy must not de- pend upon any supposed body of definitely ascertainable knowledge to be acquired by those who study it. [Philosophy and Science] Philosophy, like all other studies, aims primarily at knowledge. The knowl- edge it aims at is the kind of knowledge which gives unity and system to the body of the sciences, and the kind which results from a critical ex- amination of the grounds of our convictions, prejudices, and beliefs. But it cannot be maintained that philosophy has had any very great measure of success in its attempts to provide definite answers to its questions. If Reading For Philosophical Inquiry: A Brief Introduction 3 "Enlargement of Self" by Bertrand Russell you ask a mathematician, a mineralogist, a historian, or any other man of learning, what definite body of truths has been ascertained by his science, his answer will last as long as you are willing to listen. But if you put the same question to a philosopher, he will, if he is candid, have to confess that his study has not achieved positive results such as have been achieved by other sciences. It is true that this is partly accounted for by the fact that, as soon as definite knowledge concerning any subject becomes pos- sible, this subject ceases to be called philosophy, and becomes a separate science. The whole study of the heavens, which now belongs to astron- omy, was once included in philosophy; Newton's great work was called "the mathematical principles of natural philosophy". Similarly, the study of the human mind, which was a part of philosophy, has now been sepa- rated from philosophy and has become the science of psychology. Thus, to a great extent, the uncertainty of philosophy is more apparent than real: those questions which are already capable of definite answers are placed in the sciences, while those only to which, at present, no definite answer can be given, remain to form the residue which is called philosophy. According to Russell, what is the common misconception about philosophy, and how does that misconception arise? That philosophy is useless because of its focus on questions that have no answers is a common misconception about the study of philosophy. -Misconception of the kinds of goods phil. aims to attain. This chapter is an eloquent vindication for the practice of philosophy. Russell explicitly addresses the "practical man" who only recognizes philosophy as a pursuit of "hair-splitting distinctions" and irrelevant trifling. Viewing philosophy thus is a result of having a "wrong conception of the ends of life" and "the kinds of goods which philosophy strives to achieve." Russell contrasts the utility of philosophy with that of the physical sciences. Scientific study has far-reaching effects on mankind, through inventions, while philosophic study primarily affects the lives of those who study it, and only indirectly affects others through them. The principal value of philosophy is thus to be found in its disciples. Russell would have his reader free her mind of practical prejudices. Whereas the practical man would only attend to food for the body and material needs, the philosophic attitude also recognizes the need for food for the mind. The aim of philosophy is the achievement of knowledge through criticism, "which gives unity and system to the body of sciences." However, philosophy does not maintain a substantial body of definite knowledge in the sense that history, mathematics, or the physical sciences do. Part of the reason why philosophy does not bear such a body of evidence is because when definite knowledge on a subject becomes possible, it splits off forming another discipline. Study of the heavens, of natural sciences, and the human mind originated in philosophic investigation and now assume the figures of astronomy, physics, and psychology. Thus, with respect to definite answers, "the uncertainty of philosophy is more apparent than real." Yet, part of the uncertainty in philosophy derives from the very nature of the questions that it undertakes to answer. These questions address most profound human interests: "Has the universe any unity of plan or purpose, or is it a fortuitous concourse of atoms? Is consciousness a permanent part of the universe, giving hope of indefinite growth in wisdom, or is it a transitory accident on a small planet on which life must ultimately become impossible? Are good an evil of importance to the universe or only to man?" Besides the magnitude of these questions, the various answers which philosophy suggests are usually not "demonstrably true." Still, the pursuit of philosophy is not merely to suggest answers to these questions but to make us sensitive to their importance and to keep us conscious of a "speculative interest in the universe," which we might otherwise forget. Even though some philosophers have developed programs of thought that do offer a definite set of conclusions about religious belief, human knowledge, and other issues, Russell urges that such attempts are usually unwise dogmatic declarations. Consistent with the thought of his other chapters, he claims that we cannot hope for definite answers or even high degrees of certainty. In fact, he theorizes, the value of philosophy appears in its very uncertainty. He persuasively writes, "the man who has no tincture of philosophy goes through life imprisoned in the prejudices derived from common sense, from the habitual beliefs of his age or his nation, and from convictions which have grown up in his mind without the co-operation of consent of his deliberate reason." This way of thinking is closed to speculation or theory about possibility. Philosophizing, on the other hand, allows us to see even the most ordinary things in unfamiliar light. Though such consideration diminishes our faulty certainty about the world, it suggest numerous possibilities "which enlarge our thoughts and free them from the tyranny of custom." Though we lose a little of our confidence as to what things are, we gain knowledge of what they may be. Philosophy banishes "arrogant dogmatism" and liberates "our sense of wonder." Philosophic thought also has a value by virtue of the things it contemplates and the distinctness of those things from "personal aims" and "private interests." Philosophy lets in the outside world and enlarges out interest. Russell writes, "in one way or another, if our life is to be great and free, we must escape this prison" of our private world. Russell's belief is that everything that depends on the private world "distorts the object" of contemplation and prevents the union of the object and the intellect. Philosophic contemplation sponsors this escape by enlarging the Self. Russell holds that the primary value of philosophy is not in any kind of definite answer, but exists in the questions themselves. He concludes that, "through the greatness of the universe which philosophy contemplates, the mind also is rendered great." Explain Russell's characterization of the 'practical' man and its relevance to understanding the value of philosophy. He/she recognizes only material needs, realizes that men must have food for the body, but is oblivious to the necessity of providing food for the mind. Basically, man is choosing to be ignorant Basically, without this freedom, we cannot see the significance of abstractions and ideas. We are limited only to basic knowledge of the world and thus we cannot explore the unknown world around us. (a) A Philistine: a person deficient in liberal culture; one whose interests are material and commonplace. (b) The instinctive man is practical as is the man of self-assertion described later. He is not interested in providing for society and not interested in "goods for the mind." (1) His friendships are "friendships of utility," not Aristotle's "friendships of the good." He is interested in people for what they can do for him. (2) He is interested in "the answer" rather than how one gets the answer. Why not live one's life as a practical person? The practical person recognizes material needs; he is less aware of goods of the mind. For example, philosophy can give a different kind of value to life—not something superadded to material value, but a value intrinsically different. Consider what Socrates said about "tending your soul." as a means to a life of excellence. The philosophical mind has an awareness that goes beyond the daily round to an understanding of life and the world. Generally the practical person does not recognize basic truths about everyday life such as... In general, choices cannot justified by their consequences. Perception is not reality. How things appear to be is less important than how they are. The excuse that "things turned out all right" is not always sufficient. Often, the practical person is unaware of true consequences. You can be right for the world, even though the world is not right for you. The practical person often does not notice the world and the people in it because of his own worries that tend to feed upon themselves. Explain Russell's account of the progress of philosophy and the value of philosophy in relation to uncertainty. Philosophy creates other disciplines such as Astronomy which at one time was thought to be "Gods" in the Sky" Or take into account Neuroscience which at one time was thought to be something else at the time. Once a question has been answered it ceases to be philosophy and becomes another subject. The value of philosophy in relation to uncertainty is Because studying philosophy helps us realize that the world is puzzling. We are not trapped in a box in which only common thought thrives but where wonder and new understandings come about. [The Values of Philosophy] The value of philosophy is, in fact, to be sought largely in its very un- certainty. The man who has no tincture of philosophy goes through life imprisoned in the prejudices derived from common sense, from the ha- bitual beliefs of his age or his nation, and from convictions which have grown up in his mind without the co-operation or consent of his delib- erate reason. To such a man the world tends to become definite, finite, obvious; common objects rouse no questions, and unfamiliar possibilities are contemptuously rejected. As soon as we begin to philosophize, on the contrary, we find, as we saw in our opening chapters, that even the most everyday things lead to problems to which only very incomplete answers can be given. Philosophy, though unable to tell us with certainty what is the true answer to the doubts which it raises, is able to suggest many pos- sibilities which enlarge our thoughts and free them from the tyranny of custom. Thus, while diminishing our feeling of certainty as to what things are, it greatly increases our knowledge as to what they may be; it removes the somewhat arrogant dogmatism of those who have never traveled into the region of liberating doubt, and it keeps alive our sense of wonder by showing familiar things in an unfamiliar aspect. Apart from its utility in showing unsuspected possibilities, philosophy has a value—perhaps its chief value—through the greatness of the objects which it contemplates, and the freedom from narrow and personal aims resulting from this contemplation. The life of the instinctive man is shut up within the circle of his private interests: family and friends may be in- cluded, but the outer world is not regarded except as it may help or hinder what comes within the circle of instinctive wishes. In such a life there is something feverish and confined, in comparison with which the philo- sophic life is calm and free. The private world of instinctive interests is a small one, set in the midst of a great and powerful world which must, sooner or later, lay our private world in ruins. Unless we can so enlarge our interests as to include the whole outer world, we remain like a garrison in a beleaguered fortress, knowing that the enemy prevents escape and that Reading For Philosophical Inquiry: A Brief Introduction "Enlargement of Self" by Bertrand Russell ultimate surrender is inevitable. In such a life there is no peace, but a con- stant strife between the insistence of desire and the powerlessness of will. In one way or another, if our life is to be great and free, we must escape this prison and this strife. Explain Russell's distinction between the 'instinctive' person and the life of the 'instinctive person', and contrast them with the 'philosophic' person and the life of the 'philosophic' person. In your explanation, you should also include a discussion of the two different ways that one can approach the world and enlarge the sense of self (i.e. through self-assertion vs. philosophic contemplation). (c) Enlargement of self takes an objective view to escape from the instinctive circle of the daily round. When you see yourself as a process, you see yourself developing as you will be. (E.g., why are beginners afraid to make mistakes? After all, if one did not make mistakes, one would not be a beginner.) (d) Do not define yourself in reaction to what others say you must do: self-reliance (1) Pursue an interest for its own sake--not what it can do for you. (2) Recognize that there are many possibilities for solutions--not just the pragmatic, dogmatic "right or wrong" opposites. (3) Being motivated for a desire for knowledge lead to a richer view of the world. (e) By way of contrast, the way of self-assertion views the world as a means to its own end and sees the world in terms of itself: pragmatic, dogmatic, instinctive, and direct. (1) On this view, getting results or getting the right answer is more important that understanding how such things are accomplished. (2) This view leads to a limited and impoverished view of the world--there is a lack of creativity and a lack of play with things. (3) If one is self-assertive, then even minor slights are taken personally. There might be other reasons for an individual's behavior that do not involve you. (4) Enlargement of self does not shape such dualisms as the "them against us" mentality." Describe the instinctive person. (a) The instinctive person lives in a prison of his own making--much like an animal. (b) The instinctive person tends not to look beyond what is before him at the moment. (c) Being unaware of the larger world can put our private world in ruins. Self Assertion me is blocked off from world of ideas Philosophic contemplation me and world of ideas are together enlargment of self does not divide universe into two hostile camps (no good v bad, friend v foes) What is the life of the "Instinctive" man? - Concerned only with private interests - Feverish and confined - At odds with the outside world What is the life of philosophic contemplation? - Calm and Free - Views the whole world impartially - Is an enlargement of the self through the understanding of the world Russell warns against self-assertion with respect to philosophic contemplation. Any study that presupposes the objects or character of the knowledge that it seeks sets obstacles in its own path, because such study is self-defeating in its obstinate desire for a certain kind of knowledge. Rather, one must start from the "not-Self" and through "the infinity of the universe the mind which contemplates it achieves some share in infinity." The union of Self and not- Self constitutes knowledge, not an "attempt to force the universe into conformity with what we find in ourselves." Analysis In his last words of this book, Russell once again discusses the impairing influence of the idealist position. He writes of the "widespread tendency towards the view which tells us that Man is the measure of all things, that truth is man-made, that space and time and the world of universals are properties of the mind, and that, if there be anything not created by the mind it is unknowable." This position robs philosophy of its value, "since it fetters contemplation to the Self." This view puts an "impenetrable veil between us and the world beyond." As we have seen, Russell has analyzed away the idealist veil, which took the form of a denial that the physical world existed independent of a mind. In the process, Russell constructed his own veil. Opposing the idealists in The Problems of Philosophy, Russell believed that material objects were real and independent of a mind. He just didn't think that we were acquainted with any of them. Thus, a veil remains intact. [Enlargement of Self] One way of escape is by philosophic contemplation. Philosophic contem- plation does not, in its widest survey, divide the universe into two hostile camps—friends and foes, helpful and hostile, good and bad—it views the whole impartially. Philosophic contemplation, when it is unalloyed, does not aim at proving that the rest of the universe is akin to man. All acqui- sition of knowledge is an enlargement of the Self, but this enlargement is best attained when it is not directly sought. It is obtained when the desire for knowledge is alone operative, by a study which does not wish in ad- vance that its objects should have this or that character, but adapts the Self to the characters which it finds in its objects. This enlargement of Self is not obtained when, taking the Self as it is, we try to show that the world is so similar to this Self that knowledge of it is possible without any admis- sion of what seems alien. The desire to prove this is a form of self-assertion and, like all self-assertion, it is an obstacle to the growth of Self which it desires, and of which the Self knows that it is capable. Self-assertion, in philosophic speculation as elsewhere, views the world as a means to its own ends; thus it makes the world of less account than Self, and the Self sets bounds to the greatness of its goods. In contemplation, on the con- trary, we start from the not-Self, and through its greatness the boundaries of Self are enlarged; through the infinity of the universe the mind which contemplates it achieves some share in infinity. For this reason greatness of soul is not fostered by those philosophies which assimilate the universe to Man. Knowledge is a form of union of Self and not-Self; like all union, it is impaired by dominion, and therefore by any attempt to force the universe into conformity with what we find in ourselves. There is a widespread philosophical tendency towards the view which tells us that Man is the measure of all things, that truth is man-made, that space and time and the world of universals are properties of the mind, and that, if there be anything not created by the mind, it is unknowable and of no account for us. This view, if our previous discussions were cor- rect, is untrue; but in addition to being untrue, it has the effect of robbing philosophic contemplation of all that gives it value, since it fetters contem- Reading For Philosophical Inquiry: A Brief Introduction 7 "Enlargement of Self" by Bertrand Russell plation to Self. What it calls knowledge is not a union with the not-Self, but a set of prejudices, habits, and desires, making an impenetrable veil between us and the world beyond. The man who finds pleasure in such a theory of knowledge is like the man who never leaves the domestic circle for fear his word might not be law. 8 Trinity College, Cambridge, Russell, after being home schooled, a very high Wrangler, and a First Class with distinction in philosophy, took up residence and was later elected a fellow to Trinity College in 1895. Library of Congress The true philosophic contemplation, on the contrary, finds its satisfaction in every enlargement of the not-Self, in everything that magnifies the ob- jects contemplated, and thereby the subject contemplating. Everything, in contemplation, that is personal or private, everything that depends upon habit, self-interest, or desire, distorts the object, and hence impairs the union which the intellect seeks. By thus making a barrier between subject and object, such personal and private things become a prison to the intel- lect. The free intellect will see as God might see, without a here and now, without hopes and fears, without the trammels of customary beliefs and traditional prejudices, calmly, dispassionately, in the sole and exclusive desire of knowledge—knowledge as impersonal, as purely contemplative, as it is possible for man to attain. Hence also the free intellect will value more the abstract and universal knowledge into which the accidents of pri- vate history do not enter, than the knowledge brought by the senses, and dependent, as such knowledge must be, upon an exclusive and personal point of view and a body whose sense-organs distort as much as they re- veal. Reading For Philosophical Inquiry: A Brief Introduction "Enlargement of Self" by Bertrand Russell [Freedom of Contemplation] The mind which has become accustomed to the freedom and impartiality of philosophic contemplation will preserve something of the same free- dom and impartiality in the world of action and emotion. It will view its purposes and desires as parts of the whole, with the absence of insis- tence that results from seeing them as infinitesimal fragments in a world of which all the rest is unaffected by any one man's deeds. The impartiality which, in contemplation, is the unalloyed desire for truth, is the very same quality of mind which, in action, is justice, and in emotion is that universal love which can be given to all, and not only to those who are judged use- ful or admirable. Thus contemplation enlarges not only the objects of our thoughts, but also the objects of our actions and our affections: it makes us citizens of the universe, not only of one walled city at war with all the rest. In this citizenship of the universe consists man's true freedom, and his liberation from the thraldom of narrow hopes and fears. Thus, to sum up our discussion of the value of philosophy; Philosophy is to be studied, not for the sake of any definite answers to its questions since no definite answers can, as a rule, be known to be true, but rather for the sake of the questions themselves; because these questions enlarge our conception of what is possible, enrich our intellectual imagination and di- minish the dogmatic assurance which closes the mind against speculation; but above all because, through the greatness of the universe which philos- ophy contemplates, the mind also is rendered great, and becomes capable of that union with the universe which constitutes its highest good. From the reading. . . "All acquisition of knowledge is an enlargement of self, but this enlargement of self is best obtained when it is not directly sought." [Show Less]
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Chapter 2 Psychology: Ethics in Research, questions and answers
Milgram's experiment raised several important questions regarding researchers' responsibilities toward participants. Laws today protect research participan... [Show More] ts in several ways from unnecessary distress. What was the harmful aspect of Milgram's study? The intense stress experience by participants might have had lasting consequences. Explanation to Question 1 Researchers must sometimes make participants feel uncomfortable during an experiment or study. The important questions to ask are whether their experiences will have lasting effects and whether they can be justified by the knowledge gained in the study. These days, review boards scrutinize research proposals to ensure that participants are protected. If such an experiment were proposed today, there would likely be numerous changes to methodology to prevent the extreme stress responses shown by the participants. Today, for an experiment to be approved, the potential benefits of the research much exceed the potential risks to participants. This is especially pertinent for experiments that involve deception, due to an increased possibility that participants may be harmed. Milgram used several forms of deception in his study. Which of them had the greatest potential to cause harm? Making participants believe the shocks were real Explanation to Question 2 The use of deception can be justified as long as it meets two important criteria: First, it can only be used when disguising the researcher's true intentions is absolutely necessary. For example, a psychologist studying how the race of a defendant affects jury decisions might be worried that participants' responses will be biased if they know the true nature of the research. Second, it cannot cause lasting harm to the participants. There are limits on the type of deception that can be used and the degree of emotional distress it can cause. As evident by the extreme stress reaction participants suffered as a direct result of their belief that the shocks were real, Milgram's experiment violated this criterion. There is a genuine argument over whether the benefits of this study, an increased knowledge of human obedience, outweigh the negative experiences of the participants. Milgram's experiment has been denounced repeatedly by ethicists, commentators, and fellow psychologists. At the same time, the results surprised many experts within the field by showing what ordinary people are capable of doing to one another. What result was likely the most surprising? Sixty-five percent of participants delivered the full range of shocks, going up to 450 volts. Explanation to Question 3 Milgram's study demonstrated that a large number of ordinary people can be directed to inflict extreme harm onto others, something that few would have predicted beforehand. A panel of various individuals predicted that only 4% of participants would even reach the 300-volt level. In reality, every participant reached 300 volts and 65% continued up to 450 volts. Milgram showed the lengths at which people were willing to obey an authority figure, despite their personal or moral beliefs. Nevertheless, controversy still surrounds the experiment, as people continue to debate whether its findings justify the stress and deception that participants experienced. [Show Less]
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Tuesdays with Morrie Questions with complete answers,100% correct
Why does Morrie keep up with the news? to relate his life to others Why do we think we don't deserve love? Love is the only rational act Wh... [Show More] at does Morrie say about society & compassion? there's a shortage of it How is Mitch changing from his time spent w/ Morrie? he's focusing on the more important things in life such as love, family, community, & consideration How has Morrie learned to cope with his demise? he looks at each day as a chance to impact someone else & realizes he's like a child again Why does Mitch record his sessions w/ Morrie? to serve as a reminder Describe Morrie's condition. his ALS is progressing, he's unsure about how to give his gift Who's Eva? his stepmom and a teacher What does Eva value? love, compassion How does Eva influence Morrie's life she eases his pain & gives him a peace of mind What's Morrie's religious point of view? agnostic, culturally Judaic What does Morrie say about sleepwalking? we don't experience the world fully, were 1/2 asleep doing things we automatically have to do How is Morrie's family important to him? they have helped him become the person he is today Why is family in general important? it's his foundation for life & guardians Explain Morries detachment process he's letting life penetrate him fully What was his experience @ Chestnut Lodge like? it was his 1st job which helped him relate to others and learn that wealth can't buy hapiness or contentment What was his experience @ Brandeis like? he watched protests and was a peacemaker Why does Morrie not long for youth? he has already lived thru it What's is Morrie's philosophy about aging? part of him is of every age How are we brainwashed? by repetition What are we taught to believe? more is good What does not = tenderness? money or power What conflicts w/ need? want What are Morrie's rules? Devote yourself to community, loving others, and something that gives you purpose & meaning Why doesn't Mitch's smokescreen work? status will not get you anywhere & Morrie knew what Mitch thought & pursued What does Morrie plan to have written on his tombstone? A Teacher to the Last What does Morrie mean when he says "I believe in being fully present."? he believes that you should be with the person you're with How is Morrie's belief different from what the culture teaches? he believes our focus should be on the present, not the past or the future How does Morrie's dad die? heart attack How does his father's death impact Morrie? it helps Morrie prepare for his own death Who does Mitch bring to visit Morrie on the 10th Tuesday? Janine What does Morrie pay less attention to? newspapers & mail What does Morrie pay more attention to? music & watching the environment (leaves change color) What does Morrie admit for the 1st time? talking to God What's Morrie's concept of forgiveness? we have to forgive others but also ourselves What does Morrie mean by the tension of opposites? arguements between ppl What are the important questions in life? They're about love, responsibility, sprituality, & awareness. How are we different from plants & animals? because of love and the remembrance of it What did Morrie and Mitch tell each other after the 14th Tuesday? I love you What did Morrie finally accomplish? he made Mitch cry Did Morrie's final wishes come true? Yes, his ashes were buried on a beautiful hill w/ trees & grass How does Mitch's brother Peter respond to Mitch after years of distance? jokingly, "I've joined the 90's." then told him jokes, stories, and current events [Show Less]
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PRGM Extra Questions 100% correct answers
Which of the below is NOT an ingredient for quality location data: Geo Fencing Brick and mortar sales account for _________ of retail sales> 90% ... [Show More] Over 80% of markets rate data quality as extremely important for location data initiatives. High Quality, Transparency, Flexibility, and Neutrality Cross screen is where Marketers use the signal coming from the mobile device and its location data to stretch that into all screens. True The term "waterfall" historically referred to the order of operation and priority of the publisher ad server. True When campaigns are trafficked into the publisher ad server, the buyer has full control over decisioning False The power of choice benefits the: Advertiser Deal IDs connect buyers and sellers: Through a mechanism by which the relationship is preserved An early benefit to programmatic advertising was the ability to activate data and create buy-side decisioning True Similar to finical markets, the "great shift" in advertising refers to migrating paper deals from 1:1 relationships into platforms. True Private Auctions and Preferred Deals allow you to: Activate your audience Leverage targeting Receive transparent reporting "Audience Guarantee" contracts allow you to do which of the following? Use your first-party data to forecast a unique deal with an SSP or publisher via programmatic The future of private buying includes more complex, multi-dimensional order types True Automated Guaranteed allows for buy-side decisioning. False The major difference between a true DSP and an ad network is: Ad network no longer exist In programmatic advertising, you purchase: Impressions individually with a dynamic CPM Deal ID: A protocol to execute a private deal with a publisher through RTB pipes For a majority of advertising dollars to be online, you need both guarantees and price discovery. False Which of the following statements are true about deterministic data? It describes when we have a login for a particular user Certainty about it can be misguided due to shared devices and logins What is the fundamental way to operate within a data-driven marketplace? Let algorithms optimize your audience buying against the things that are working best against your campaigns objectives Why is the concept of identity important? It allows you to have a holistic conversation with the consumer across channels and devices It allows you to manage reach it allows you to manage frequency What do we mean when we say "person-based" marketing? Marketing to groups of people who act the same way The data marketplace needs a better mechanism of price discovery so that it is priced in a way that always adds value. True Upper-funnel strategies help brands spread awareness to a new audience. True What is the purpose of the omnichannel map? To make sure that strategies we know will drive performance will still align with the brand's higher-level objectives and current strategies Even though campaign performance will look great, why is the "passing out the flyers at the concert" concept a bad idea? The user was already going to take action Showing up means the marketer had already won the user's heart and mind Well-designed campaigns are conscious of both rate-based and cost-based metrics. True Why is it important to prioritize smart measurement strategies and priorities? If you don't, you will lose to your competitors who do prioritize measurement If you don't, you will make bad decisions in your media choices It's perhaps the most central thing for brands and agencies to do in order to move the ball forward toward data-driven marketing Which of the following are channels? NOT all the above In an open internet, you can use complex data science to measure the effect of every ad on every person. True In an open internet, you can use complex data science to measure the effect of every ad on every person. To tie footfall traffic to digital marketing campaigns To tie frequent shopper cards to digital marketing campaigns Why can it be useful to optimize to a cost-based goal? You can drive as many events as possible per dollar spent You can pay a different price for each attribute (through bid factors) to maximize ROI You can see whether or not the cost of earning the customer's business is monetarily worth it based on product cost, media investment, and other factors Cost-based metrics are the number of impressions served before returning one desired event, and rate-based metrics are the total cost of returning one desired event. False [Show Less]
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