Which of the following is included in four basic concepts of medical ethics?
(Select all that apply.)
- Select all that apply
- Beneficence
- Non-mal... [Show More] eficence
- Loyalty privileges
- Beneficence
- Non-maleficence
The four basic concepts of medical ethics are beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for patient autonomy, and justice.
Which of the following scenarios would warrant the use of restraint?
- Amelia needs antibiotics to treat a contagious respiratory infection. She is tired of waiting for a caregiver, so she decides to go home and return when the clinic is less busy.
- Danny is having a psychotic episode. He believes that the nurses and doctors are determined to hurt him and is violently trying to fend off their care and leave the hospital.
- Rosalyn is a difficult patient who is condescending and rude. The staff members are tired of her behavior and want to teach Rosalyn that there are consequences for her actions.
- Marvin tends to wander off if someone does not monitor him. The nurse needs a short break and does not want to wait for another nurse to stay with Marvin.
- Danny is having a psychotic episode. He believes that the nurses and doctors are determined to hurt him and is violently trying to fend off their care and leave the hospital.
Restraint is used to protect the safety of the patients and staff, and never for coercion, discipline, punishment, retaliation, or staff convenience.
Select the answer that best describes what cultural competence is.
- Knowing the dictionary definition of cultural competence
- Being able to relate to individuals whose culture differs from yours
- Being competent in your own culture
- Having passed a cultural competence exam
- Being able to relate to individuals whose culture differs from yours
Cultural competence means being able to understand, appreciate, and interact with people whose values, beliefs, and practices may differ from your own.
What is a reason that patients may not understand their rights?
(Select all that apply.)
- Rights were not explained clearly.
- Patients didn't understand the language in which their rights were written.
- Patients were handed a list of their rights without an explanation.
- Patients were not able to hear the explanation of their rights.
- Rights were not explained clearly.
- Patients didn't understand the language in which their rights were written.
- Patients were handed a list of their rights without an explanation.
- Patients were not able to hear the explanation of their rights.
When patients do not understand their rights, it may be due to any of the reasons listed. Clearly communicating (both orally and in writing) in a manner and language a patient understands helps to ensure receipt of information.
A critical intervention to help turn around the opioid crisis is:
- Stop opioid use for chronic pain completely.
- Always prescribe long-acting opioids.
- Always use a Controlled Substance Abuse Treatment Agreement.
- Screen for OUD and improve access and use of MAT.
- Screen for OUD and improve access and use of MAT.
Increased screening and diagnosis of opioid use disorder and improved access to and use of MAT are critical to making a positive impact on the opioid epidemic. Although non-opioid and non-pharmacologic treatments are preferred for chronic pain, some patients still require opioids. When initiating opioids, always start with short-acting formulations. A Controlled Substance Abuse Treatment Agreement is very helpful in facilitating conversations about opioid misuse, but it is not critical to successful outcomes when a patient has OUD.
Elder abuse can be physical, sexual, or financial.
- True
- False
- True
Elders may be abused, neglected, or exploited. This mistreatment can be physical, sexual, psychological, or financial. The perpetrator is usually a family member or other caregiver.
Physicians may withdraw or withhold aggressive, life-sustaining treatment under which condition?
- The state allows physician-assisted suicide.
- The patient knows all of the options and refuses treatment.
- The patient wishes to be an organ donor for a relative.
- The insurance company does not cover the treatment.
- The patient knows all of the options and refuses treatment.
In all states, patients have the right to be informed of treatment options and to refuse any treatment. Physician-assisted suicide is not the same as allowing a patient to refuse or discontinue treatment. Insurance is not a factor, because hospitals must treat all non-elective patients, regardless of their ability to pay. Healthcare providers do need to provide information about organ donation, and patients may decide whether or not to donate. The care of the donor, however, must be completely separate from the care of the recipient.
When rights are clearly explained to patients, which of the following is a desired outcome?
(Select all that apply.)
- Patients learn what they can expect from staff.
- Patients rest assured that their rights will be protected.
- Patients feel respected when they are informed of their rights.
- Patients recognize that their individual needs will be met.
- Patients learn what they can expect from staff.
- Patients rest assured that their rights will be protected.
- Patients feel respected when they are informed of their rights.
- Patients recognize that their individual needs will be met.
All of these are important outcomes for patients when their rights are clearly explained.
Mr. Jones, a 70-year-old patient, is awaiting radical, disfiguring surgery for invasive cancer. Although he has already met with his physician to discuss the surgical procedure and has signed the consent form, he is quiet, pensive and mentions to you, as you hang his IV, that his life is over. Which of the following actions is a best response?
(Select all that apply.)
- Tell him you'll be back after you take care of some things, then call the physician and finish your assignment.
- Delegate any time-sensitive tasks, then page his physician
- Stay with him to explore his feelings until the physician arrives.
- Don't be concerned. He has already signed the consent.
- Delegate any time-sensitive tasks, then page his physician
- Stay with him to explore his feelings until the physician arrives.
Given the serious nature of his surgery and Mr. Jones' expression of hopelessness, he is at risk for suicide. Without leaving his side, assign other tasks to an appropriate team member and stay with him, exploring his feelings and determining any intention to hurt himself. Once the physician arrives, apprise him or her so that the best plan of care can be determined and changed if needed.
Regarding employee responsibilities related to a quality assurance and performance improvement (QAPI) program, staff members must realize that:
- They don't have to know what QAPI is or does.
- They don't have to participate in improvement initiatives.
- They must follow any new policies and procedures designed to improve care practices.
- They don't have any responsibilities. It is a management function.
- They must follow any new policies and procedures designed to improve care practices.
Since quality assurance and performance improvement programs are meant to improve processes and care, any new policies and procedures that evolve from those efforts must be followed by all employees. All employees are expected to be involved to help improve the overall quality of care.
George is suffering from early dementia. Although he has many moments of clarity, he is increasingly confused about "when" and "where" he is, and he relies on his family for help with much of daily life. When George's son brings him to the hospital, it is discovered that George has a kidney infection. The guiding principles of medical ethics require that the hospital __________________________.
- Discuss treatment plans with George's son alone, so as not to upset George
- Give George palliative care, but not treat the underlying infection as it is not in the best interest of society
- Tell George that he needs to take vitamins
- Talk to both George and his son about treatment options
- Talk to both George and his son about treatment options
Respect for patient autonomy means that healthcare providers must allow patients to make informed decisions about their own healthcare: George must be involved in treatment decisions, regardless of his need for family help. Non-maleficence requires caregivers to avoid harming individuals or society. Not treating George would not be in anyone's best interest. [Show Less]
