Aseptic technique is also known as:
A. Clean technique
B. Sterile technique
C. Sterilization
D. Decontamination
A. Clean technique
Aseptic techni... [Show More] que refers to clean methods of containing microbial contamination in the environment. The environment cannot be sterilized.
An intrinsic factor that contributes to the development of a pressure injury is:
A. Pressure
B. Hypothermia
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. General anesthesia
C. Diabetes mellitus
An intrinsic factor is related to the health of the patient. Diabetes mellitus is an intrinsic factor that contributes to the development of a pressure injury.
Which of the following helps determine a patient's discharge destination?
A. Written discharge instructions from anesthesiology and medical staff
B. Risk of postoperative complications
C. Standardized pain scoring
D. General condition and readiness for discharge
B. Risk of postoperative complications
The choice of discharge site is based on patient acuity, access to follow-up care, and the potential for postoperative complications.
Central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) include:
A. Hypertension
B. Numbness of lips and tongue
C. Respiratory depression
D. Elevated temperature
B. Numbness of lips and tongue
CNS symptoms of LAST include circumoral and tongue numbness. All other options are not considered part of the CNS.
Autologous bone grafts should be stored at a temperature of:
A. 68F (20C)
B. 32F (0C)
C. -4F (-20C)
D. -112F (-80C)
C. -4F (-20C)
Maintaining storage temperatures within recommended parameters of -4F (-20C) helps ensure that autografts are maintained in optimal conditions for successful replantation.
When providing patient education for a child, it is important to understand which learning characteristics of children?
A. Children are self-directed
B. Children use intrinsic thought processes
C. Children respond to use of activities that follow transitions of maturity.
D. Children respond to a trial-and-error approach
D. Children respond to a trial-and-error approach
When teaching children, using a trial-and-error approach is effective. Child learners are task-oriented, use extrinsic thought processes, and value self-esteem.
Which of the following actions would decrease radiation exposure during fluoroscopy procedures?
A. Positioning the patient as close to the tube as possible
B. Positioning the patient as far from the image intensifier as possible
C. Positioning the patient as far from the monitor as possible
D. Positioning the patient as close to the image intensifier as possible
D. Positioning the patient as close to the image intensifier as possible
The x-ray beams originate from the tube and are captured by the image intensifier. Multiple studies have demonstrated that positioning the patient closer to the image intensifier results in a significantly decreased dose of radiation.
A perioperative nurse is assisting an anesthesia professional with a rapid-sequence induction by providing cricoid pressure using the Sellick maneuver. Which of the following is the most appropriate description of this technique?
A. Exerting down-and-up pressure on the cricoid cartilage to compress the trachea
B. Palpating for the thyroid cartilage and exerting pressure on it with a dominant index finger and thumb to occlude the esophagus
C. Applying pressure on the cricoid cartilage to occlude the esophagus
D. Maintaining pressure on the thyroid cartilage until anesthesia verifies placement
C. Applying pressure on the cricoid cartilage to occlude the esophagus
The Sellick maneuver, more commonly known as cricoid pressure application, involves exerting downward pressure on the cricoid cartilage with the thumb and index finger of one hand to compress the esophagus. The Sellick maneuver is used to prevent potential aspiration during induction of anesthesia.
A diagnostic procedure that replies on radio-frequency waves to reproduce cross-sectional images of the body without exposing the patient to ionizing radiation is:
A. Ultrasonography
B. Position emission tomography
C. Computed tomography
D. Magnetic resonance imaging
D. Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging stimulates disequilibrium in the nuclei of hydrogen atoms and the water of body cells. As nuclei return to their original state, they emit radiofrequency signals.
Which of the following movements of a powered instrument is used to drill holes or to insert screws, wires, and pins?
A. Reciprocating
B. Oscillating
C. Alternating
D. Rotating
D. Rotating
Rotary movement is used to drill holes or to insert screws, wires, or pins. Reciprocating and oscillating movements are used to cut or remove bone. Alternating movement should not be sued.
What is the most likely cause of a rapid decrease in blood pressure and heart rate for a patient being infused when 1.5% glycine is used for irrigation?
A. Anaphylactic reaction
B. Myocardial infarction
C. TUR syndrome
D. Pulmonary embolus
C. TUR syndrome
The patient is most likely experiencing TUR syndrome associated excessive glycine absorption.
Preoperative teaching is most effective when patients have a readiness to learn and the perioperative nurse teaches from ________ different levels.
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
B. Three
There are three different levels of preoperative teaching: information, psychosocial support, and skill training. Information should include explanations of procedure and what to expect throughout the phases of perioperative care. Psychosocial support includes encouraging the patient to share anxiety and supporting coping mechanisms. Skill training allows the patient to learn the skills required to function after the procedure and provides confidence and understanding.
When caring for a patient with sickle cell anemia, the perioperative nurse should:
A. Raise the temperature in the operating room to between 26.7C and 29.4C (80F and 85F).
B. Have relaxing music playing in the operating room to avoid overstimulation
C. Administer a liter of normal saline prior to surgery to ensure that the patient is well hydrated
D. Allow a family member or friend to sit with the patient in the preoperative area and in the post anesthesia care unit.
A. Raise the temperature in the operating room to between 26.7C and 29.4C (80F and 85F).
The sickle cell patient must be kept warm to prevent hypothermia and meet increased demands for oxygen.
A _______ type of fire extinguisher should be used in an operating or procedure room.
A. Wet chemical
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Halogen
D. Dry powder
B. Carbon dioxide
The National Fire Protection Association recommends using either a water mist or carbon dioxide extinguisher for extinguishing fires in the operating room.
_______ requires purposeful, outcomes-directed thought and is driven by patient need.
A. Critical thinking
B. Assessment
C. Diagnosis
D. Planning
A. Critical thinking
Scientific nursing interventions, critical thinking and clinical reasoning, and caring, comforting behaviors are at the heart of perioperative nursing. Critical thinking is a thoughtful process important in the performance of perioperative nursing care versus being part of the nursing process.
A hemoglobin value considered to be within normal limits for an adult woman is:
A. 10 g/dL to 14 g/dL
B. 12 g/dL to 16 g/dL
C. 14 g/dL to 18 g/dL
D. 16 g/dL to 20 g/dL
B. 12 g/dL to 16 g/dL
Normal hemoglobin values are 12 g/dL to 16 g/dL for women and 14 g/dL to 18 g/dL for men.
What technique is the safest to use when securing the arms at the patient's sides?
A. Drawing a sheet under the arms, over the patient, and using non-penetrating clamps to secure it to the opposite side
B. Drawing a sheet over the arm and then sliding it between the mattress and the bed
C. Drawing a sheet over the arm and tucking it between the patient and the mattress
D. Wrapping the patient's arm with padding and securing it to the body with a safety strap
C. Drawing a sheet over the arm and tucking it between the patient and the mattress
A safe and effective way to prevent nerve injury of the upper extremities is to secure the patient's arms by smoothly wrapping the draw sheet over the arm and then tucking it under the patient's body to prevent arm slippage during surgery.
Which of the following intraoperative medication orders would prompt a perioperative nurse to have a urinary catheter readily available?
A. Levetiracetam 1gm IV after incision
B. Cefepime 2g/100mL IV infusion within 30 minutes of incision
C. Ketorolac 20mg IV push before incision
D. Mannitol 10% 10g/100mL after incision
D. Mannitol 10% 10g/100mL after incision
Hypertonic mannitol is a nonosmotic diuretic that is often used during brain surgery to promote diuresis and therefore decrease intracranial pressure.
Which of the following is defined as the process of teaching adults?
A. Pedagogy
B. Andragogy
C. Cognition
D. Orientation
B. Andragogy
Teaching and learning processes related to mature adults are known as andragogy.
Personal protective equipment that must be worn when mixing and inserting methyl methacrylate bone cement includes:
A. Head coverings
B. Latex gloves
C. Googles
D. Shoe covers
C. Googles
Methyl methacrylate can penetrate many latex compounds. Methyl methacrylate fumes may irritate the eyes; therefore, eye protection must be worn when mixing and inserting methyl methacrylate bone cement. PPE is defined as any clothing or other equipment that protects a person from exposure to chemicals. PPE may include gloves, aprons, chemical splash goggles, and impervious clothing.
Which of the following nursing actions would be best support a positive outcome for a nursing diagnosis of potential for alteration in skin integrity?
A. Place a warming blanket on the OR bed prior to the patient coming into the operating room
B. Obtain an appropriate positioning device that will aid in redistribution of pressure
C. Place several layers of linen material on the OR bed
D. Position the patient in a supine position with arms tucked at sides and palms facing down to protect the ulcer nerve
B. Obtain an appropriate positioning device that will aid in redistribution of pressure
Warming blankets and extra layers of material should not be placed under the patient. The goal is to use equipment that is designed to redistribute pressure and that decreases the risk for positioning injuries. Palms should face the patient when the arms are tucked.
Which of the following describes point-of-use cleaning of a surgical instrument?
A. Prior to the procedure, the instrument is cleaned with a moist sponge
B. During the procedure, the instrument is cleaned with a moist sponge after each use
C. After the procedure, the instrument is cleaned with a moist sponge in the sterile processing area
D. Continually clean the instrument with a sponge moistened with saline
B. During the procedure, the instrument is cleaned with a moist sponge after each use
One type of point-of-use cleaning of a surgical instrument is when the instrument is cleaned with a sterile, water-soaked sponge after each use during the procedure. Point-of-use cleaning also occurs when an instrument is cleaned at the point of use immediately following the procedure. Saline should not be used for point-of-care cleaning. Cleaning at the point of use prevents bioburden from building up on the instrument and helps maintain the life of the instrument.
Venous air embolism is most likely to occur when the patient is in the ________ position.
A. Supine
B. Sitting
C. Lithotomy
D. Lateral
B. Sitting
Venous air embolism can occur when air or gas is drawn into the circulation by the veins above the level of the heart and is most likely to occur during neurosurgery or open shoulder surgery in the sitting or semi-sitting position.
A subjective sign of the existence and intensity of postoperative pain is the patient's:
A. Self-report
B. Change in blood pressure
C. Facial expression
D. Protective guarding behavior
A. Self-report
A subjective sign is what the patient states. Objective signs include results from physical assessment or observation.
A nursing diagnosis that considers a patient is at risk means the nursing interventions:
A. Are directed at prevention
B. Will not affect the patient's outcome
C. Should be performed only as needed
D. May put the patients at risk
A. Are directed at prevention
For perioperative patients, nursing diagnoses that consider a patient at risk for an outcome mean the problem has not yet occurred, and the interventions are directed at prevention.
Signs of a blood transfusion reaction include which of the following?
A. Hypotension, hemoglobinuria, hyperthermia
B. Weak pulse, hemoglobinuria, hypertension
C. Hypothermia, weak pulse, tachycardia
D. Hypothermia, hemoglobinuria, tachycardia
A. Hypotension, hemoglobinuria, hyperthermia
A blood transfusion reaction reflects vasomotor instability and is evidenced by hypotension, hemoglobinuria, and hyperthermia. Many common signs are not readily obvious when a patient is under anesthesia.
When performing time out, which of the following should be verified?
A. Laboratory studies
B. Instruments
C. Suture
D. Procedure
D. Procedure
Ensuring correct-site surgery requires affirmation of the following: correct patient, position, site, procedures, equipment, images, and implants (if required). [Show Less]
