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ATI TEAS 6 ALL SECTIONS PREP: EVERYTHING YOU NEED (100% Guarantee) with Q&A ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Anatomy: is what you see with your eyes in the human bo... [Show More] dy. Microscopic Anatomy: examines cells and molecules. Cytology: study of cells. Histology: study of tissues. Physiology: is the study of functions of anatomical structures. *Smallest living is a CELL. *Smallest organisms is a ATOM. Levels of Hierarchy Atom- the most basic complete unit of an element. Molecule- a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. Organelles- are cells parts that function within a cell. Cells- the basic structural unit of an organism from which living things created. Is one individual cell. Tissues- a group of cells with similar structure that functions together as a unit, but at a lower level than organs. Organ- a self contained part of an organism that performs specific functions. Is formed by two or more similar tissues. Organ System- functional groups of organs that work together within the body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular and nervous. Humans have 11 Organ Systems. Cells Structure • Nucleus- holds the cells DNA in form of chromatin • Ribosomes- small structures that build proteins “amino acids”. • Golgi Apparatus- modifies and packages proteins secreted from cell. • Vacuoles- storage, digestion and waste removal. • Cytoskeletal- series of rod shaped proteins that provide shape/support cell. • Microtubules- part of the cytoskeletal. • Cytosol- liquid material in cell. • Cell membrane- separate internal and external cellular environment allows material to enter and exit cell. • Endoplasmic Reticulum- smooth or rough transport system of the cell. • Mitochondria- generates ATP powerhouse of the cell. ATP production is called cellular respiration Animal Cells Centrosome- pairs of centrioles involved in mitosis. Centriole- cylinders involved in cellular division. Lysosomes- the purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to digest food or break down the cell when it dies. Cilia- cause cell to move. Flagella- whip tail to move cell. TISSUES: ⟶ Group of CELLS. ⟶ Muscle, Nerve, Epithelial, Connective. 1. Epithelial: (joined together tightly) Example. Skin 2. Connective: (dense, loose, or fatty) Example. Tissue, Cartilage, Tendons, Ligaments, Fat, Blood, Lymph. It protects and binds body parts. a. Cartilage: cushions and provides structural support ⟶ Fibrous b. Blood: transport oxygen to cells and removes waste. Also carries hormones and defends against disease. c. Bone: (hard) produces red blood cells 3. Muscle: supports and move body Smooth Cardiac Skeletal 4. Nervous: Example. Brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurons: control responses to changes in environment. Mitosis - it has 4 phases. Pink MAT / Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase Interphase - Cell prepares for division by replicating genetic/cytoplasmic material. Prophase - Chromatin thickens into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate. Pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides of cell and spindle fibers form. Metaphase - Spindle moves to center of cell and chromosome pairs align along center of spindle structure. Anaphase - Chromosome pairs pull apart into daughter chromosomes. Telophase - Spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane reforms or is pinched. Cytokinesis - Physical splitting of cell. Meiosis- same as mitosis except happens twice, results in four daughter cells instead of two. Mature haploid male and female germ cell uniting in sexual reproduction. Gametes in female = Egg Gametes in Male = Sperm Meiosis is when gametes produce a zygote. Zygote: controls cell differentiation. It forms during fertilization. The cells from each parent that combine to form a zygote are called gametes. Zygote is the first stage of reproduction. 1. Respiratory System • main functions are the critical tasks of transporting oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s cell and moving carbon dioxide in the other direction. Nasal Cavity - air passage that warms, moistens, and filters air, and also contains olfactory receptors. Medially divided by the nasal septum. External Nares - the visible ‘nostrils’ that are the entrances into the nasal cavity The Larynx - air passage that connects the pharynx to the trachea, composed of individual cartilages, mostly hyaline. Commonly called the voice box for its additional function of voice production. Epiglottis - the only elastic cartilage, blocks entrance to the larynx during swallowing, ensuring food only enters the esophagus. Lungs - Paired organs that are highly compartmentalized into small air sacs called alveoli. Also contain elastic tissue to facilitate ventilation. Alveoli – the individual lung compartments where gas exchange with blood occurs. • Type 2 cells - cuboidal cells that secrete surfactant, which reduces the surface tension of water to prevent alveolar collapse. Bronchi – the main passageways directly attached to the lungs. Bronchioles- small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli Right Lung - divided into upper, middle, and lower lobes by the horizontal fissure and oblique fissure respectively. Left Lung - divided into upper and lower lobes by the oblique fissure, also has the cardiac notch – an indentation for the heart’s apex. The Pleurae - a double layer of serous membrane producing serous fluid to reduce friction during lung ventilation/movement. • Visceral pleura - the serous membrane layer that clings to the lung surface. • Parietal pleura - the serous membrane that is separated from the lungs, clings to the internal surface of the thoracic body wall. [Show Less]
Reading Section: Passages that you might have: King Henry VII- Expository The word infamous in the passage means – Notorious Social Media- Persuasive... [Show More] It’s talking how now of days there’s a lot of news on the internet, which some are true and some are fakes. People just share them depends on how they feel about it. It’s trying to get people to fact checking before just posting random information. (By Tamika Y.) UFO- Narrative It’s talking about aliens, and an old man that got lost. (READ THE PASSAGE, Is on The GROUP :) Greek Theater- Expository The robbery passage (Dog and Humans are Best friend)- Persuasive When it asks how would you rename this passage answer is (Jewel Thief on the Lose) Frida Kahlo- Expository/ Informative They will ask you to put her life in chronological order and the answer to that question is: First, she got hit by a train; Next, she started drawing pictures of herself; Then, she married Diego. (Credit to Tamika Young for this) Casino Passage- Persuasive It’s trying to explain how is better to go to a Casino then buying a lottery ticket. Buying a lottery ticket, you have a lowest change of winning than going to a Casino and playing. The Chili Recipe- Expository Read carefully the Recipe and the questions. One of the answers is to rinse the beans first. Central Park Passage- Expository / Informative All I remember is that it’s a famous park in New York. The passage will ask you to put the sentences in chronological order. (By Tamika Y.) Time Management- Chimney Passage- Type of Passages: Expository: Something you find in an academic journal, a recipe, etc. (Very technical) (Teach, Inform, or explain.) Technical: Is like following steps to complete something. Narrative: Telling a story and entertain Persuasive: Making you believe something or to do something. Descriptive: Give physical details or provide unique characteristics Most know this: Author Purpose: His reason to write a specific topic. Theme: The subject to talk, a piece of writing, a person thoughts. Topic: that part of a sentence about which something is said. (a conversation) Main Idea: Is usually in the first sentence, overall idea of the paragraph. Fact: Something that it can be prove is true. Opinion: A view or judgment. Bia: Against something or someone. Compare: two or more Inform: Give facts Entertain: Fiction Express: Feelings Stereotypes: A characteristics ascribed to groups of people involving gender, race, origin, etc. Cause and Effect: The author describes a situation and then its effects. Compare and Contrast: The author explores the similarities and differences between two or more things. Chronological: The author list events in the order in which they happened. Mood: Influences a reader emotional state in the piece. Tone: Describes the author’s attitude toward the topic. To Respond to Questions, you Should know this: Almanac: A book that gives you important dates such tidal waves, astronomical events, etc. Thesaurus: A dictionary that has definitions, synonyms and antonyms. Bibliography: A list of books, magazines, articles, etc. Biography: Story of someone written by someone else. Autobiography: Story of someone written by the same person. Atlas: A book of maps or charts. Appendix: A section or table at the end of the book. Index: Reference in alphabetical order to where everything is in the book. Glossary: Alphabetical list of terms of words with definition. The word Disseminate is in one the Passages and they ask you what does it means: Answer will be (Spread of disperse) Metaphor: A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another. Example: Noah Has a heart of a lion Simile: A comparison of two different things using the words LIKE or AS. Example: On her first day of school, Jane was as cool as [Show Less]
Hierarchy of Structures Lowest Hierarchy level is at Organelles within a cell. They obtain energy from food and reproduction. -Cells with the same functi... [Show More] on are collected into larger groups called Tissues. -Tissues are collected into Organs, carry out single task, like oxygenated blood (lungs), or filter out waste (kidneys). -Organs work together in systems that perform coordinated large-scale functions, like nourishing the body (digestive) or protecting the body from attacks (immune). Cell Parts Organelles: Cell parts that function within a cell. They coordinate with other organelles to performs a cell's basic function, like energy processing and waste excretion. ~Examples: Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, The Nucleus. The Nucleus -Nucleus: Small structure that contains Chromosomes and Regulates the DNA of a cell. Defining structure of eukaryotic cells. It is responsible for the passing on of genetic traits between generations. -Contains: nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, a nucleolus, nuclear pores, chromatin, and ribosomes. Chromosomes Highly condensed, threadlike rods of DNA. DNA is genetic material that stores information about the plant or animal. Chromatin Consists of the DNA and Proteins that make up chromosomes. Nucleolus Structure contained within the nucleus, consists of proteins. Small, Round, and does not have a membrane. Involved in protein synthesis, and synthesizes and stores RNA. Nuclear Envelope Encloses the nucleus. Consists of inner and outer membranes made of lipids. Nuclear Pores Involved in exchange of material between nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoplasm Liquid within the membrane and is similar to cytoplasm. Cell Membrane "Plasma Membrane" -Made of Lipids and Proteins -Isolates the cell from its external environment while still enabling the cellar to communicate with the outside environment. -Consists: Phospholipid bilayer with the hydrophilic ends of the outer layer facing external environment. ~Cholesterol: Adds stiffness and flexibility ~Glycolipids: Help cell to recognize other cells of the organisms. ~Proteins: Help give cells shape ~Special Proteins: Helps cell communicate with external environment. ~Other Proteins: Transport molecules across membrane Selective Permeability With regard to size, charge, and solubility. -Size: Membrane allows small molecules to diffuse through it. Oxygen and Water molecules are small and can pass through the cells membrane. -Charge: Ions on a cells surface either attracts or repels ions. Ions with like charges are repelled, and ions with opposite charges are attracted to the surface. -Solubility: Molecules that are soluble in phospholipids can usually pass through the membrane. Many are not able to diffuse the membrane, and if anything they'll have to be moved through by active transport and vesicles Cell Structures Inside the cell. Contain: Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Vacuoles, Vesicles, Cytoskeleton, Microtubules, Cytosol, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria Ribosomes Involved in synthesizing proteins from amino acids. -Make up about a quarter of a cell. -Some are embedded in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) Golgi Apparatus Involved in synthesizing materials like proteins that are transported out of the cell. ~Modifies and Packages proteins secreted from the cell. -Located near the nucleus and has layers of membranes. Vacuoles Sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal. -Plant: Has one large vacuole -Animal: Has small, sometimes numerous vacuoles. Vesicles Small organelle within a cell, has a membrane. -Functions: Moving materials within a cell. Cytoskeleton Consist of microtubules that help shape and support the cell. Microtubules Part of cytoskeleton. -Help support the cell. -Made of proteins Cytosol Liquid materials in the cell. Mostly water, also contains floating molecules. Cytoplasm Refers to Cytosol and the substructures (organelles) found within the plasma membrane, but not within the nucleus. Cell Membrane Acting as a barrier. Helps keep cytoplasm in and substances located outside the cell out. -Helps determine what is allowed to exit and enter. Endoplasmic Reticulum Two Types: -Rough ER: Has ribosomes on surface. ~Functions: Manufacture lysosomal enzymes, Manufacture of secreted proteins. (Protein production, protein folding, quality control, and despatch) -Smooth ER: Has no ribosomes. ~Functions: Manufacture Lipids (fat), Metabolism, Steroid Hormone production (adrenal cortex and endocrine glands), Helps liver detox. -Tubular Network that comprises the transport system of a cell. It is fused to the nuclear membrane and extendsthrough cytoplasm to the cell membrane. Mitochondria Vary in terms of size and quantity. Has various functions. -Functions: Production of Cell Energy (ATP) (Main function), Cell Signaling (Communications are carried out), Cell Differentiation (Cell transforms into a cell with more specialized purpose), Cell Cycle and Growth Regulation (Growth and Death, Reproduction). -Inner and Outer membrane: ~Inner: Encloses the matrix. Contains mtDNA and ribosomes. ~Between the 2 Membranes: Cristae (Folds). Chemical reactions occur here that release energy, Control Water Levels in cells, and Recycle and Create Proteins and Fats. -Aerobic Respiration: Occurs in Mitochondria. Animal Cell Structure Contains: Centrosomes, Centriole, Lysosome, Cilia, Flagella Centrosome Pair of centrioles located at right angles to each other and surrounded by protein. -Involved in Mitosis and Cell Cycle Centriole Cylinder-shaped structures near the nucleus. -Involved in Cellular Division -Each cylinder consist of 9 Groups of 3 Microtubules. Occurs in pairs. Lysosome -Functions: Digest proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Also transports undigested substances to the membrane do they can be removed. Shape depends on material being transported. Cilia Appendages extending from the surface of the cell. -Moves the cell and results in fluid being moved by the cell. Flagella Tail-like structures on cell that use whip-likemovements to help move the cell. Longer than Cilia. Only has one or a few flagella. Cell Cycle The process by which a cell reproduces which involves cell growth, duplication of genetic material, and cell division. -Complex organisms: Use the cell cycle to replacecells as they lose their functionality and wear out. -In Animals: Cell Cycle can take 24 hours. -Human Skin Cells: Constantly reproducing. -2 Ways for Cell Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis Cell differentiation Determines the different cell types -When less-specialized cell becomes a more-specialized cell. Process is controlled by genes of each cell among a group of cells known as a zygote. -Cell builds certain proteins and other pieces that set it apart as a specific type of cell. ~Example: Gastrulation (early phase in embryonic development in animals) Mitosis Events that occur: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis. Interphase Cell prepares for division by replicating its genetic and cytoplasmic material. -Further divided into G1, S, G2 (Meiosis) Prophase -Chromatin thickens into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate. -Pairs of Centrioles move to opposite sides and spindle fibers begins to form. -Mitotic Spindle moves chromosomes around wishing the cell. Metaphase Spindle moves to the center of the cell and chromosome [Show Less]
D. The small intestine has finger-like projections called villi covering the internal surface. See Lesson: Gastrointestinal System. 13. C. Malignant melan... [Show More] oma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It occurs when melanocytes experience uncontrolled cell growth and causes dark patches or lesions to form on the skin’s surface. See Lesson: Integumentary System. 14. B. Basal cell carcinoma affects basal cells in the epidermis, while squamous cell carcinoma affects keratinocytes in the epidermis. Malignant melanoma affects melanocytes in the epidermis. See Lesson: Integumentary System. 15. D. HIV can be transmitted through infected intravenous syringes, semen, vaginal secretions, and blood. See Lesson: The Lymphatic System. 16. D. Because semen and vaginal secretions are rich in macrophages, a person can become infected with HIV through sexual intercourse with an infected person. See Lesson: The Lymphatic System. 17. B. The inflammatory response begins when mast cells release histamines and other chemicals that cause capillaries to swell. See Lesson: The Lymphatic System. 18. D. There are three types of joints in the human body: synovial, immovable, and partly movable. Partly moveable joints are also called cartilaginous joints. They hold bones together by cartilage and are found in the vertebral discs of the spine. See Lesson: Muscular System. 19. D. All muscles have the ability to contract and extend. To work together, all muscles contract (or shorten) and extend (or lengthen) in pairs following stimulation from the nervous system. See Lesson: Muscular System. 20. D. Either the nervous system or circulating hormones stimulate smooth muscle. This muscle is under involuntary control through both forms of stimulation. See Lesson: Muscular System. 21. D. A neurotransmitter is a type of substance that is released from the presynaptic membrane of one neuron and binds to the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane of a different neuron. By binding, this substance stimulates excitation of the neuron causing a neural impulse to be transmitted. See Lesson: The Nervous System. 22. A. Nodes of Ranvier are the gaps in myelin sheaths that increase the speed of an electrical neural signal down the axon of a neuron. See Lesson: The Nervous System. 23. B. Pregnancy typically lasts for about 40 weeks, which are traditionally divided into three periods of about 13 weeks each called trimesters. See Lesson: Reproductive System. 24. C. Females generally begin puberty at 10–11 years old; males generally begin puberty about a year later, at 11–12 years old. See Lesson: Reproductive System. 25. C. The nervous and cardiovascular systems work with the respiratory system to regulate blood pH levels. See Lesson: The Respiratory System. 26. A. After gas exchange occurs between blood and cells in body tissues, oxygen-poor blood travels in systemic circulation back to the heart and lungs. This blood has less oxygen and more carbon dioxide. Because oxygen diffuses into the tissues to the cells, oxygen concentration is higher in the tissues than in blood that returns to the heart via the veins. See Lesson: The Respiratory System. 27. A. The heart belongs to the cardiovascular system. It pumps oxygenated blood through systemic circulation and transports deoxygenated blood back to the lungs. See Lesson: The Respiratory System. 28. B. Osteoclasts are bone cells that play a role in bone remodeling. They are found on the surface of bone and aid in bone breakdown by dissolving worn-out bone tissue. See Lesson: Skeletal System. 29. A. Bone resorption is a process that dissolves old bone tissue so that it can undergo remodeling to produce new bone tissue. When bones dissolve during the resorption process, minerals stored in reservoirs of bone are released and pushed through circulation for use. See Lesson: Skeletal System. 30. D. Sesamoid bone consists of small bones like the patella. These bones provide mechanical support and protection. See Lesson: Skeletal System. 31. D. The posterior pituitary gland at the base of the brain secretes the hormone ADH. This hormone alters how much water is excreted from urine by the kidneys. Thus, it controls the concentration and volume of urine in the body. See Lesson: The Urinary System. 32. D. After filtered fluid leaves Bowman’s capsule, which encloses the glomerulus, it travels to the proximal convoluted tubule before ending up in the loop of Henle. See Lesson: The Urinary System. 33. C. There are seven classification systems in the classical Linnaean system: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. See Lesson: An Introduction to Biology. 34. D. Water is an excellent solvent that has the ability to dissolve many different substances and participate in a wide range of biochemical reactions. See Lesson: An Introduction to Biology. 35. C. Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are a class of biomolecules that play a role in the transmission of genetic information. See Lesson [Show Less]
Science Cell ➢ Cell: basic organizational unit of all living things. One thing in common is they all have membranes (phospholipids). ➢ Cell structur... [Show More] e organization: All cells contain DNA, and RNA & can synthesize proteins. Consists of nucleic acids, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. o Tissues: Cells that are grouped together o Organs: Tissues that are grouped together o Systems: Organs that are grouped together o Organism: A complete individual ➢ Nuclear parts of a cell o Nucleus: contains chromosomes, & regulates DNA of the cell. Defining structure of eukaryotic cells (they all have nucleus). Passes genetic traits between generations. Contains nuclear envelop, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, nuclear pores, chromatin, & ribosomes. o Chromosomes: thread like rods of DNA. Short deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA is the genetic material that stores information about the plant/animal. o Chromatin: DNA & Protein makeup chromosomes o Nucleolus: Proteins, small/round doesn’t have membrane. Protein synthesis, synthesizes & stores RNA. o Nuclear envelope: Encloses structures within nucleus. Made of lipids. o Nuclear pores: Exchange materials between the nucleus * cytoplasm o Nucleoplasm: Liquid like cytoplasm, within nucleus. Cell Membranes ➢ Cell Membrane (Plasma membrane): Semipermeable membrane of lipids and proteins. Made of phospholipid bilayer, hydrophilic ends of the outer layer facing the external environment, the inner layer facing inside the cell, hydrophobic ends facing each other. o Hydrophilic: Water loving, can dissolve water o Hydrophobic: Hates water, can’t dissolve water ➢ Selective Permeability o Selective Permeability with regards to size, charge, and solubility. ➢ Cell structure o Ribosomes: synthesize proteins from amino acids. o Golgi apparatus: synthesize materials like proteins that are transported out of the cell. Near nucleus & consists of layers of membranes. o Vacuoles: Sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal. One large in plant cells/ Animal cells are small or have numerous. o Vesicle: Has membrane, & can move materials within the cell. o Cytoskeleton: Microtubules that shape and support the cell. o Microtubules: Part of cytoskeleton & help support cell. Made of protein. o Cytosol: Liquid material within the cell. Mostly water & had floating materials. o Cytoplasm: Cytosol & organelles found within the plasma membrane, not within nucleus! o Cell membrane: Barrier that keeps materials out of cell. Determines what’s allowed in and out. o Rough Endoplasmic reticulum: Ribosomes on the surface, produce & store proteins o Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum: Helps store lipids & proteins. o Mitochondrion: Generate ATP, involved in cell growth & death. Contain their own DNA aside from the one within the nucleus. ▪ Functions: Produce energy, cell signaling, cellular differentiation, cell cycle & growth regulation. Can also have aerobic respiration. ➢ Animal Cell Structure o Centrosome: Mitosis & the cell cycle occur here o Centriole: Cellular division o Lysosome: Digests proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Help remove undigested substances. o Cilia: Appendages that cause a cell to move & can move fluid o Flagella: Tail like structures that help the cell move. A cell usually only has one or a few flagella. Longer than cilia. ➢ Cell Cycle: Cell reproduces, growth cell, duplication of genetic material, and cell division. ➢ Cell Differentiation: Helps determine the cell type for each cell, process is controlled by genes of each cell (zygote). Following the directions of the genes, a cell builds certain proteins and other substances to set it apart as a specific type of cell. ➢ Mitosis: DNA replication & Production of new cells ▪ IPMAT=Cytokinesis o Interphase: Cell prepares to divide by replicating genetic & cytoplasmic material. (G1, S, G2) o Prophase: Chromatic thickens & nuclear membrane disintegrates. Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cells, and spindle fibers form. Mitotic spindle, formed cytoskeleton parts, moves chromosomes around the cell. o Metaphase: Spindle moves to the center of the cell. Chromosomes align in the center. o Anaphase: Sister chromosomes begin to pull apart. When separated they’re called daughter chromosomes. Grooves appear in the cell. Cell begins to furrow. o Telophase: Spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane reform, and chromosomes turn into chromatin. In animal cells membrane is pinched, in plant cell a new cell wall begins to form. Splits into two. o Cytokinesis: Physical splitting of the cell. Meiosis: Reproduction of gametes zygote o Prophase I: Parent cell's nuclear membrane begins to disappear, spindles form o Metaphase I: Chromosomes line up with homogonous chromosomes. Crossing over may occur o Anaphase I: Homogonous chromosomes are separated, so one of each goes to either side o Telophase I: Cell separates, cytokinesis occurs o Prophase II: Almost simultaneous with Telaphase I; new spindles form and attach to centromeres o Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up again, and some crossing over may occur o Anaphase II: Sister chromatids pulled apart at centromeres, towards poles o Telophase II: Cell separates, nuclear membranes form, cytokinesis occurs o Interphase: Diploid sex cells have double the normal chromosomes necessary Tissues ➢ Categories of Tissues o Epithelial: Cells are tightly joined. Ex. Skin o Connective: May be dense, loose, or fatty. Protects and binds body parts. Ex. Bone tissue, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood, and lymph. o Cartilage: Cushions & provides structural support for body parts. Jelly like base and fibrous. o Blood: Blood transports oxygen to cells and removes wastes. Carries hormones and defends against diseases. o Bone: Hard tissue that supports and protects softer tissues & organs. Marrow produces red blood cells. o Muscle: Helps support and move the body. ▪ 1. Smooth ▪ Cardiac ▪ Skeletal o Nervous: Located inside the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurons form network through the body that control responses to changes in the external and internal environment. Some send signals [Show Less]
Section 1. Reading Number of Questions: 53 Time Limit: 64 Minutes At first, the woman’s contractions were only intermittent, so the nurse had trouble de... [Show More] termining how far her labor had progressed. 1. Which of the following is the definition for the underlined word? a. frequent b. irregular c. painful d. dependable 2. Which of the following would be the best source to begin developing a position about civil rights for an oral debate? a. A blog created by a proponent of civil rights. b. An interview with someone who took part in a civil rights march. c. A history textbook detailing civil rights. d. A speech by a famous civil rights leader. The heavy spring rain resulted in a plethora of zucchini in Kit’s garden, and left her desperately giving the vegetables to anyone who was interested. 3. Which of the following is the definition for the underlined word in the sentence? a. irritation b. quantity c. abundance d. waste 4. The guide words at the top of a dictionary page are needs and negotiate. Which of the following words is an entry on this page? a. needle b. neigh c. neglect d. nectar ATI TEAS Secrets 240 Chapter 4: The Fictional Writings of Dorothy L. Sayers Plays Novels Short Stories Letters Mysteries 5. Analyze the headings above. Which of the following does not belong? a. Novels b. Plays c. Mysteries d. Letters The next three questions are based on the following passage. Among the first females awarded a degree from Oxford University, Dorothy L. Sayers proved to be one of the most versatile writers in post-war England. Sayers was born in 1893, the only child of an Anglican chaplain, and she received an unexpectedly good education at home. For instance, her study of Latin commenced when she was only six years old. She entered Oxford in 1912, at a time when the university was not granting degrees to women. By 1920, this policy had changed, and Sayers received her degree in medieval literature and modern languages after finishing university. That same year, she also received a master of arts degree. Sayers’s first foray into published writing was a collection of poetry released in 1916. Within a few years, she began work on the detective novels and short stories that would make her famous, due to the creation of the foppish, mystery-solving aristocrat Lord Peter Wimsey. Sayers is also credited with the short story mysteries about the character Montague Egg. In spite of her success as a mystery writer, Sayers continued to balance popular fiction with academic work; her translation of Dante’s Inferno gained her respect for her ability to convey the poetry in English while still remaining true to the Italian terza rima. She also composed a series of twelve plays about the life of Christ, and wrote several essays about education and feminism. In her middle age, Dorothy L. Sayers published several works of Christian apologetics, one of which was so well-received that the archbishop of Canterbury attempted to present her with a doctorate of divinity. Sayers, for reasons known only to her, declined. 6. Which of the following describes the type of writing used to create the passage? a. narrative b. persuasive c. expository d. technical ATI TEAS Secrets 241 7. Which of the following sentences is the best summary of the passage? a. Among the first females awarded a degree from Oxford University, Dorothy L. Sayers proved to be one of the most versatile writers in post-war England. b. Sayers was born in 1893, the only child of an Anglican chaplain, and she received an unexpectedly good education at home. c. Within a few years, she began work on the detective novels and short stories that would make her famous, due to the creation of the foppish, mystery-solving aristocrat Lord Peter Wimsey. d. In her middle age, Dorothy L. Sayers published several works of Christian apologetics, one of which was so well-received that the archbishop of Canterbury attempted to present her with a doctorate of divinity. 8. Which of the following sentences contains an opinion statement by the author? a. Among the first females awarded a degree from Oxford University, Dorothy L. Sayers proved to be one of the most versatile writers in post-war England. b. Sayers was born in 1893, the only child of an Anglican chaplain, and she received an unexpectedly good education at home. c. Her translation of Dante’s Inferno gained her respect for her ability to convey the poetry in English while still remaining true to the Italian terza rima. d. Sayers, for reasons known only to her, declined. The next four questions are based on the following information. The Dewey Decimal Classes 000 Computer science, information, and general works 100 Philosophy and psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Languages 500 Science and mathematics 600 Technical and applied science 700 Arts and recreation 800 Literature 900 History, geography, and biography 9. Jorgen is doing a project on the ancient Greek mathematician and poet Eratosthenes. In his initial review, Jorgen learns that Eratosthenes is considered the first person to calculate the circumference of the earth, and that he is considered the first to describe geography as it is studied today. To which section of the library should Jorgen go to find one of the early maps created by Eratosthenes? a. 100 b. 300 c. 600 d. 900 ATI TEAS Secrets 242 10. Due to his many interests and pursuits, Eratosthenes dabbled in a variety of fields, and he is credited with a theory known as the sieve of Eratosthenes. This is an early algorithm used to determine prime numbers. To which section of the library should Jorgen go to find out more about the current applications of the sieve of Eratosthenes? a. 000 b. 100 c. 400 d. 500 11. One ancient work claims that Eratosthenes received the nickname “beta” from those who knew him. This is a word that represents the second letter of the Greek alphabet, and it represented Eratosthenes’s accomplishments in every area that he studied. To which section of the library should Jorgen go to learn more about the letters of the Greek alphabet and the meaning of the word “beta”? a. 200 b. 400 c. 700 d. 900 12. Finally, Jorgen learns that Eratosthenes was fascinated by the story of the Trojan War, and that he attempted to determine the exact dates when this event occurred. Jorgen is unfamiliar with the story of the Fall of Troy, so he decides to look into writings such as The Iliad and The Odyssey, by Homer. To which section of the library should Jorgen go to locate these works? a. 100 b. 200 c. 700 d. 800 With all of the planning that preceded her daughter’s wedding, Marci decided that picking out a new paint color for her own living room was largely peripheral. 13. Which of the following is the definition for the underlined word? a. meaningless b. contrived c. unimportant d. disappointing ATI TEAS Secrets 243 The next two questions are based on the following chart. 14. Between 1925 and 1991, Latvia was part of the Soviet Union. Since 1991, the population of which ethnic group in Latvia appears to have decreased the most? a. Latvian b. Russian c. Ukrainian d. German After World War II ended in 1945, large numbers of non-Latvian workers entered the country, primarily to work at construction jobs. Among these non-Latvian ethnic groups, the increase in workers represented a population percentage shift of less than one percent before 1945 to more than three percent by the time of the Soviet Union’s collapse. 15. Which ethnic group shown on the chart best represents this shift? a. Latvian b. Russian c. Ukrainian d. German Population Population ChangesChanges inin LatviaLatvia 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000 800,000 600,000 600,000 Latvian Latvian Russian Russian UkrainianUkrainian German German 400,000 400,000 200,000 200,000 0 0 1925 1925 1935 1935 1959 1959 1970 1970 1989 1989 2011 2011 ATI TEAS Secrets 244 Hilaire’s professor instructed him to improve the word choice in his papers. As the professor noted, Hilaire’s ideas are good, but he relies too heavily on simple expressions when a more complex word would be appropriate. 16. Which of the following resources will be most useful to Hilaire in this case? a. Roget’s Thesaurus b. Webster’s Dictionary c. Encyclopedia Britannica d. University of Oxford Style Guide Follow the numbered instructions to transform the starting word into a different word. 1. Start with the word CORPOREAL. 2. Remove the C from the beginning of the word. 3. Remove the O from the beginning of the word. 4. Remove the O from the middle of the word. 5. Move the E to follow the first R. 6. Move the L to follow the P. 7. Remove the second R. 8. Add the letter Y to the end of the word. 17. What is the new word? a. REALLY b. PRETTY c. REPLAY d. POWER Although not considered the smartest student in her class, Klara was willing to work hard for her grades, and her sedulous commitment to her studies earned her top scores at graduation. 18. Which of the following is the definition for the underlined word? a. diligent b. silent c. moderate d. complicated Flemming is on a new diet that requires him to avoid all dairy products, as well as dairy byproducts. This will be a big change for him, so his doctor gives him information about foods that he might not realize often contain dairy products. These include the following: bread, granola, deli meat, dry breakfast cereal, and energy bars. 19. Which of the following items from Flemming’s standard diet will still be safe to eat? a. puffed rice cereal b. breaded chicken parmesan c. sliced turkey sandwich d. yogurt made from coconut milk ATI [Show Less]
Section 1. Reading Number of Questions: 53 Time Limit: 64 Minutes 1. Adelaide attempted to assuage her guilt over the piece of cheesecake by limiting hers... [Show More] elf to salads the following day. Which of the following is the definition for the underlined word in the sentence above? a. increase b. support c. appease d. conceal 2. Which of the following would best support the argument that people cause global climate change? a. The average global temperature has increased 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880. b. Common greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide and water vapor. c. Most of the greenhouse gases today come from burning things like coal and other fossil fuels for energy. d. The average person breathes out about 1.0 kg of carbon dioxide every day, while the average cow produces about 80 kg of methane. The next three questions are based on the following information. The Dewey Decimal Classes 000 Computer science, information, and general works 100 Philosophy and psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Languages 500 Science and mathematics 600 Technical and applied science 700 Arts and recreation 800 Literature 900 History, geography, and biography 3. Lise is doing a research project on the various psychological theories that Sigmund Freud developed and on the modern response to those theories. She is not sure where to begin, so she consults the chart of Dewey Decimal Classes. To which section of the library should she go to begin looking for research material? a. 100 b. 200 c. 300 d. 900 ATI TEAS Secrets 178 4. During her research, Lise discovers that Freud’s theory of the Oedipal complex was based on ancient Greek mythology that was made famous by Sophocles’ play Oedipus Rex. To which section of the library should she go if she is interested in reading the play? a. 300 b. 400 c. 800 d. 900 5. Also during her research, Lise learns about Freud’s Jewish background, and she decides to compare Freud’s theories to traditional Judaism. To which section of the library should she go for more information on this subject? a. 100 b. 200 c. 800 d. 900 Mara is conducting a study that will examine the ideas of middle school teachers, concerning the usage of iPhones in the classroom. She interviews all teachers who teach a computer software course. 6. Which of the following best describes the appropriateness of her sample? a. The sample is biased because it only includes teachers, who are immersed in the technology field b. The sample is biased because the sample size is too small c. The sample is biased because the sample size is too large d. The sample is not biased and is appropriate for the study Although his friends believed him to be enjoying a lavish lifestyle in the large family estate he had inherited, Enzo was in reality impecunious. 7. Which of the following is the definition for the underlined word in the sentence above? a. Penniless b. Unfortunate c. Emotional d. Commanding Follow the numbered instructions to transform the starting word into a different word. 1. Start with the word ESOTERIC 2. Remove both instances of the letter E from the word 3. Remove the letter I from the word 4. Move the letter T from the middle of the word to the end of the word 5. Remove the letter C from the word 8. What new word has been spelled? a. SECT b. SORT c. SORE d. TORE ATI TEAS Secrets 179 The next two questions are based on the following chart, which reflects the enrollment and the income for a small community college. 9. Based on the chart, approximately how many students attended the community college in the year 2001? a. 2100 b. 2300 c. 2500 d. 2700 10. In order to offset costs, the college administration decided to increase admission fees. Reviewing the chart above, during which year is it most likely that the college raised the price of admission? a. 2002 b. 2007 c. 2009 d. 2010 Literacy rates are lower today than they were fifteen years ago. Then, most people learned to read through the use of phonics. Today, whole language programs are favored by many educators. 11. If these statements are true, it can be concluded that a. whole language is more effective at teaching people to read than phonics. b. phonics is more effective at teaching people to read than whole language. c. literacy rates will probably continue to decline over the next 15 years. d. the definition of what it means to be literate is much stricter now. 40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 Student Student EnrollmentEnrollment (in(in hundreds) hundreds) School School IncomeIncome (in(in millions)millions) 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 2000 2000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010 ATI TEAS Secrets 180 The next four questions are based on the following passage. The Bermuda Triangle The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction. The interest first began when five Navy planes vanished in 1945, officially resulting from “causes or reasons unknown.” The explanations about other accidents in the Triangle range from the scientific to the supernatural. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle. What is more, one of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon is deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami out to Puerto Rico and to include the island of Bermuda. Others expand the area to include all of the Caribbean islands and to extend eastward as far as the Azores, which are closer to Europe than they are to North America. The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents. There is near-constant travel, by ship and by plane, across the Atlantic, and accidents are expected to occur. In fact, the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong. Shipping records suggest that there is not a greater than average loss of vessels within the Bermuda Triangle, and many researchers have argued that the reputation of the Triangle makes any accident seem out of the ordinary. In fact, most accidents fall within the expected margin of error. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. And as for the story of the Navy planes that disappeared within the Triangle, many researchers now conclude that it was the result of mistakes on the part of the pilots who were flying into storm clouds and simply got lost. 12. Which of the following describes this type of writing? a. Narrative b. Persuasive c. Expository d. Technical 13. Which of the following sentences is most representative of a summary sentence for this passage? a. The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents. b. The area that is called the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong. c. One of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon is deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle. d. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle. ATI TEAS Secrets 181 14. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? a. There is no real mystery about the Bermuda Triangle because most events have reasonable explanations. b. Researchers are wrong to expand the focus of the Triangle to the Azores, because this increases the likelihood of accidents. c. The official statement of “causes or reasons unknown” in the loss of the Navy planes was a deliberate concealment from the Navy. d. Reducing the legends about the mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle will help to reduce the number of reported accidents or shipping losses in that region. 15. Which of the following represents an opinion statement on the part of the author? a. The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents. b. The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to sort through the myth and locate the truth. c. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. d. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami to Puerto Rico and include the island of Bermuda. 16. Which of the following is a primary source? a. A report of an original research experiment b. An academic textbook’s citation of research c. A quotation of a researcher in a news article d. A website description of another’s research 17. The guide words at the top of a dictionary page are intrauterine and invest. Which of the following words is an entry on this page? a. Intransigent b. Introspection c. Investiture d. Intone ATI [Show Less]
Section 1. Reading Number of Questions: 53 Time Limit: 64 Minutes 1. Ernestine has a short research project to complete, and her assigned topic is the his... [Show More] tory of the Globe Theatre in London. Which of the following sources would be the best starting point for Ernestine’s research? a. Roget’s Thesaurus b. Webster’s Dictionary c. Encyclopedia Britannica d. University of Oxford Style Guide Mother Jones, who was a labor activist, wrote the following about children working in cotton mills in Alabama: “Little girls and boys, barefooted, walked up and down between the endless rows of spindles, reaching thin little hands into the machinery to repair snapped threads. They crawled under machinery to oil it. They replaced spindles all day long; all night through…six-year-olds with faces of sixty did an eight-hour shift for ten cents a day; the machines, built in the North, were built low for the hands of little children.” 2. Which of the following do you predict occurred after this was published? a. More children signed up to work in the factories b. Cotton factories in the South closed c. Laws were passed to prevent child labor d. The pay scale for these children was increased 3. The guide words at the top of a dictionary page are considerable and conspicuous. Which of the following words is an entry on this page? a. consonantal b. consumption c. conserve d. conquistador 4. Which of the following is not a reliable resource for a research paper? a. The New York Times b. A personal interview with a politician c. A medical journal d. Wikipedia ATI TEAS Secrets 303 On April 30, 1803, the United States bought the Louisiana Territory from the French. Astounded and excited by the offer of a sale and all that it would mean, it took less than a month to hear the offer and determine to buy it for $15 million. Right away the United States had more than twice the amount of land as before, giving the country more of a chance to become powerful. They had to move in military and governmental power in this region, but even as this was happening they had very little knowledge about the area. They did not even really know where the land boundaries were, nor did they have any how many people lived there. They needed to explore. 5. Based on the facts in the passage, what prediction could you make about the time immediately following the Louisiana Purchase? a. Explorers were already on the way to the region. b. The government wanted to become powerful. c. People in government would make sure explorers went to the region. d. Explorers would want to be paid for their work. Follow the numbered instructions to transform the starting word into a different word. 1. Start with the word PREVARICATE. 2. Remove the P. 3. Replace the first A with the final E. 4. Remove the I from the word. 5. Remove the C from the word. 6. Remove the A from the word. 6. What is the new word? a. REVEST b. REVERT c. REVIEW d. REVERSE Ethan works in his company’s purchasing department, and he needs to purchase 500 pens to give away to customers. He finds the following information about purchasing pens in bulk. Company Specialty Pens Office in Bulk Office Warehouse Ballpoint & Lead Price per unit $.97 per pen $45 per 50 pens $95 per 100 pens $1 per pen OR $99 per 100 pens 7. Based on the information above, which company will have the best price for 500 pens? a. Specialty Pens b. Office in Bulk c. Office Warehouse d. Ballpoint & Lead ATI TEAS Secrets 304 The next four questions are based on the following image. 8. On the map above, the symbol /\ indicates mountains. How many different mountain ranges are in the state of Wyoming? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 9. On the map above, the star symbol indicates the state capital. Which city is the capital of Wyoming? a. Laramie b. Cheyenne c. Jackson d. Sheridan 10. On the map above, how many national parks are shown in the state of Wyoming? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 11. On the map above, which states are south of Wyoming? a. Utah and Idaho b. Colorado and Utah c. Montana and Colorado d. Colorado and Nebraska ATI TEAS Secrets 305 12. In a lesson on mass media, a teacher is showing commercials and analyzing their hidden messages. Which of the following is an example of a commercial that claims professional authority not supported by evidence? a. A commercial selling pain relief featuring a professional basketball player who says he uses the product b. A commercial for cold medicine narrated by a man in a doctor’s coat c. A commercial for a new toy showing footage of children playing happily with it d. A commercial for a prepared food with testimonials by real consumers The next three questions are based on the following passage. They were known as “The Five”: a group of Russian musicians who eschewed rigidly formal classical training and set out on their own to give a new artistic sound to classical music in Russia. Mily Balakirev and Cesar Cui are considered the founders of the movement, but the three who later joined them have become far more famous and respected outside, and perhaps even inside, of Russia. Modest Mussorgsky, with his passion for themes of Russian folklore and nationalism, is remembered for the piano piece Pictures and an Exhibition, as well as for the passionate opera Boris Godunov. Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, who spent his early years as a naval officer, had a penchant for infusing his works with the sounds of the sea. But, he might be best remembered for the hauntingly beautiful symphonic suite Scheherazade. Alexander Borodin balanced a career as a skilled and highly respected chemist with his interest in classical music. He produced a number of symphonies, as well as the opera Prince Igor. Despite their lack of formal training and their unorthodox approach to producing classical music, The Five had an influence that reached far beyond their time. Composers such as Alexander Glazunov, Sergei Prokofiev, and Igor Stravinsky studied under Rimsky-Korsakov. Additionally, the mid-twentieth century composer Dmitri Shostakovich studied under Glazunov, creating a legacy of musical understanding that persisted well beyond the era of The Five. 13. Which of the following describes the type of writing used in the passage? a. narrative b. persuasive c. expository d. technical 14. Which of the following is the best summary sentence for the passage? a. Composers such as Alexander Glazunov, Sergei Prokofiev, and Igor Stravinsky studied under Rimsky-Korsakov. b. Despite their lack of formal training and their unorthodox approach to producing classical music, The Five had an influence that reached far beyond their time. c. They were known as “The Five”: a group of Russian musicians who eschewed rigidly formal classical training and set out on their own to give a new artistic sound to classical music in Russia. d. Mily Balakirev and Cesar Cui are considered the founders of the movement, but the three who later joined them have become far more famous and respected outside, and perhaps even inside, of Russia. ATI TEAS Secrets 306 15. Based on the information in the passage, which of the composers among The Five would the author likely agree was the most influential? a. Alexander Glazunov b. Modest Mussorgsky c. Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov d. Cesar Cui Seeing the cookie crumbs on the child’s face, Ena could not believe he would tell such a barefaced lie and claim he had not eaten any cookies. 16. Which of the following is the definition for the underlined word in the sentence? a. effective b. arrogant c. shameless d. hostile The next five questions are based on the following passage. Stories have been a part of the world since the beginning of recorded time. For centuries before the invention of the printing press, stories of the world were passed down to generations through oral tradition. With the invention of the printing press, which made written material available to wide ranges of audiences, books were mass-produced and introduced into greater society. For the last several centuries, books have been at the forefront of education and entertainment. With the invention of the Internet, reliance on books for information quickly changed. Soon, almost everything that anyone needed to know could be accessed through the Internet. Large printed volumes of encyclopedias became unnecessary as all of the information was easily available on the Internet. Despite the progression of the Internet, printed media was still very popular in the forms of both fiction and non-fiction books. While waiting for an appointment, enduring a several-hour flight, or relaxing before sleep, books have been a reliable and convenient source of entertainment, and one that society has not been willing to give up. With the progression and extreme convenience of technology, printed books are going to soon become a thing of the past. Inventions such as the iPad from Macintosh and the Kindle have made the need for any kind of printed media unnecessary. With a rechargeable battery, a large screen, and the ability to have several books saved on file, electronic options will soon take over and society will no longer see printed books. Although some people may say that the act of reading is not complete without turning a page, sliding a finger across the screen or pressing a button to read more onto the next page is just as satisfying to the reader. The iPad and Kindle are devices that have qualities similar to a computer and can be used for so much more than just reading. These devices are therefore better than books because they have multiple uses. In a cultural society that is part of the world and due to a longstanding tradition, stories will ATI TEAS Secrets 307 always be an important way to communicate ideas and provide information and ATI TEAS Secrets 308 entertainment. Centuries ago, stories could only be remembered and retold through speech. Printed media changed the way the world communicated and was connected, and now, as we move forward with technology, it is only a matter of time before we must say goodbye to the printed past and welcome the digital and electronic future. 17. What is the main argument of this essay? a. iPad and Kindles are easier to read than books b. The printing press was a great invention c. The Internet is how people receive information d. Technology will soon replace printed material 18. What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? a. To explain oral tradition b. To explain the importance of the printing press c. To explain the progression of stories within society d. To introduce the essay 19. According to the essay, what was the first way that stories were communicated and passed down? a. Oral tradition b. Printed books c. Technology d. Hand writing 20. Which of the following statements is an opinion? a. Despite the progression of the Internet, printed media was still very popular in the forms of both fiction and non-fiction books b. Although some people may say that the act of reading is not complete without turning a page, sliding a finger across the screen or pressing a button to read more onto the next page is just as satisfying to the reader c. With the invention of the Internet, reliance on books for information quickly changed d. Stories have been a part of the world since the beginning of recorded time [Show Less]
Answers at the End 1. What is 4 + 5 + 12 + 9? A. 20 B. 30 C. 40 D. 50 2. What is the difference between two equal numbers? A. Negative... [Show More] B. Positive C. Zero D. Not enough information 3. What is the difference between two negative numbers? A. Negative number B. Positive number C. Zero D. Not enough information 4. Evaluate the expression –3 × 5. A. –15 B. –2 C. 2 D. 15 5. Which statement about multiplication and division is true? A. The product of the quotient and the dividend is the divisor. B. The product of the dividend and the divisor is the quotient. C. The product of the quotient and the divisor is the dividend. D. None of the above. 6. Find the area in square centimeters of a circle with a diameter of 16 centimeters. Use 3.14 for π. A. 25.12 B. 50.24 C. 100.48 D. 200.96 7. Half of a circular garden with a radius of 11.5 feet needs weeding. Find the area in square feet that needs weeding. Round to the nearest hundredth. Use 3.14 for π. A. 207.64 B. 415.27 C. 519.08 D. 726.73 8. The area of a circle is 18 square inches. Find the circumference of the circle to the nearest tenth of an inch. Use 3.14 for π. A. 2.4 B. 7.5 C. 15.1 D. 30.1 9. Which decimal is the least? A. 2.22 B. 2.02 C. 2.002 D. 2.2 10. Write 290% as a fraction. A. B. C. D. 11. Solve the inequality for the unknown, . A. B. C. D. 12. Solve the equation for the unknown, . A. B. C. 6 D. 26 13. Solve the system of equations, . A. (1.8, 3.6) and (-1.8, -3.6) B. (1.8, -3.6) and (-1.8, 3.6) C. (1.3, 2.6) and (-1.3, -2.6) D. (-1.3, 2.6) and (1.3, -2.6) 14. Solve the system of equations by graphing, . A. B. C. D. 15. Find the mean for the data set 16, 18, 17, 15, 19, 14, 12, 11, 10, 16, 18, and 17. A. 14.25 B. 15.25 C. 16 D. 17 16. Elementary school students were surveyed about their favorite animals at a zoo. The circle graph shows the results. Which statement is true for the circle graph? [Show Less]
Food Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and mental problem. Many physicians believe that overeating is... [Show More] one of the country's main health problems, since it places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People often turn to food when they are bored or lonely. Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse. 1. As used in the last sentence of this paragraph, the term “concomitant” means? *Accompanying 2. The information presented in this article is? *Unbiased in its approach 3. The author’s motive for writing the paragraph seems to have been to? *Urge self-control 4. What is implied by this paragraph? -We should eat and drink in reasonable quantities. 5. The author seems? *Favor moderation 6. The information presented in this article is -Against drinking alcohol 7. The author seems to -Oppose drinking alcohol Eating Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different cultures have developed different methods to accomplish the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and learn new ways to do things. European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food. Correct use of this tool’s changes with the times-what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today. China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner. Space travel has created new challenges for consuming food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition. Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space. 1. What conclusion can be drawn about the article? A. The author think chopstick are funny B. The best way to eat food is with cutlery C. The author explains differences in eating processes. (CORRECT) D. Space flight is fun and exciting. 2. What statement can be implied from the content of article? A. Eating in space can be time-consuming. B. Diversity is interesting to learn about C. The author thinks cutlery is the best tool to use to consume food. (correct) D. The author enjoys trying new food. 3. What is the best definition of efficient as used in the third paragraph? -productive without waste 4. What conclusion can be drawn about the article? -The author explain differences in eating processes. 5. What statement can be implied from the content of article. -Diversity is interesting to learn about 6. What statement from the article draws the conclusion? -it is interesting to discover new ways to do something 7. What statement from this article is correct? -china developed chop sticks for eating utensils Exams Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be able to realize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective test provide opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subjective area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays. When your review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are less to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of question you think might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentence down your thoughts in outline form. Doing so will help you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly. When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, spending more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what they are asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each work requires a different type of response. Write a brief outline of your answer on scrap paper or the back of the test. Make sure you include all the important ideas that are within the limits of the question. In other words, do not write more than is asked for each answer. When you write your answer, keep it specific and as brief as possible. In the introductory sentence it is often helpful to make a general statement that includes important points addressed in each question. Such a topic sentence serves as a framework for your answer. Then use your outline to develop the main point and subtopics. Add substance to your answer by including as many facts as possible to support your answer. Check your paper before you submit it. Look for mistakes in grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. Unless you are certain an answer is wrong, do not change it. Your answer is an educated guess and is usually your best chance of answering correctly. 1. When taking a subjective examination, you will find questions like. A. True & False C. Matching B. Multiple Choice D. Definitions. (CORRECT) 2. Compared to objective exams, essay test contains A. no good answers C. fewer questions (correct B. more questions D. harder questions 3. From the article the reader can conclude that a test containing true-false question is called. A. subjective C. objective (CORRECT) B. rejective D. Detective 4. Compared to objective exams, subjective tests contain A. more questions. C. harder questions B. fewer questions (correct) D. no good answers 5. In answering subjective questions, the student should, A. Include more than is asked B. Keep it brief and specific C. Write out the words-true or false D. Capitalize the matching letters 6. When taking an exam, you should divide your time A. Into three or four short segments B. To allow more time for the difficult questions C. Equally between all questions D. So that you have time to check and change answers 7. In the above passage, the word "subjective" refers to test questions that: A. Allow you to choose an answer B. Are matching C. Are true or false D. Require you to write your own answer The Game of Bridge The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient. Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows: spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two cards being low. The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all four cards. If a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the highest card within the trump suit wins the trick. Obviously, the team with the most tricks wins the hand. Questions & Answers 1. The author wants the reader to feel A. As though the game of Bridge is too hard for novices to learn. B. frustrated and confused about playing bridge C. confident and excited about learning the game of bridge (correct) D. Overwhelmed by all the rules for the games of Bridge. 2. Throughout this passage the word suit means A. A set of clothing to be worn together B. Any of the four sets into which a deck of cards is divided. (CORRECT) C to be convenient or right for D. To request or appeal persistently 3. In the passage, a trick is described as A. A special look given to your partner across the table B. A book that gives strategies on how to win a Bridge. C. A collection of one card played by each of four players. (CORRECT) D. A specific card the dealer gives to the person to her right. 4. The passage explicitly states A. That the highest card within the "trump" suit always wins the trick. (CORRECT) B. The Ace card is always the lowest card. C. That there is a pile of leftover" cards that is placed in the middle of the game table. D. that if a player cannot follow suit, she loses her turn to the next player. 5. The passage implies that [Show Less]
ATI TEAS 6 MATH EXAM
ATI TEAS 6 EXAM STUDY GUIDE Science Cell Cell: basic organizational unit of all living things. One thing in common is they all have membranes (phosp... [Show More] holipids). Cell structure organization: All cells contain DNA, and RNA & can synthesize proteins. Consists of nucleic acids, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. o Tissues: Cells that are grouped together o Organs: Tissues that are grouped together o Systems: Organs that are grouped together o Organism: A complete individual Nuclear parts of a cell o Nucleus: contains chromosomes, & regulates DNA of the cell. Defining structure of eukaryotic cells (they all have nucleus). Passes genetic traits between generations. Contains nuclear envelop, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, nuclear pores, chromatin, & ribosomes. o Chromosomes: thread like rods of DNA. Short deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA is the genetic material that stores information about the plant/animal. o Chromatin: DNA & Protein makeup chromosomes o Nucleolus: Proteins, small/round doesn’t have membrane. Protein synthesis, synthesizes & stores RNA. o Nuclear envelope: Encloses structures within nucleus. Made of lipids. o Nuclear pores: Exchange materials between the nucleus * cytoplasm o Nucleoplasm: Liquid like cytoplasm, within nucleus. Cell Membranes Cell Membrane (Plasma membrane): Semipermeable membrane of lipids and proteins. Made of phospholipid bilayer, hydrophilic ends of the outer layer facing the external environment, the inner layer facing inside the cell, hydrophobic ends facing each other. o Hydrophilic: Water loving, can dissolve water o Hydrophobic: Hates water, can’t dissolve water Selective Permeability o Selective Permeability with regards to size, charge, and solubility. Cell structure o Ribosomes: synthesize proteins from amino acids. o Golgi apparatus: synthesize materials like proteins that are transported out of the cell. Near nucleus & consists of layers of membranes. o Vacuoles: Sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal. One large in plant cells/ Animal cells are small or have numerous. o Vesicle: Has membrane, & can move materials within the cell. o Cytoskeleton: Microtubules that shape and support the cell. o Microtubules: Part of cytoskeleton & help support cell. Made of protein. o Cytosol: Liquid material within the cell. Mostly water & had floating materials. o Cytoplasm: Cytosol & organelles found within the plasma membrane, not within nucleus! o Cell membrane: Barrier that keeps materials out of cell. Determines what’s allowed in and out. o Rough Endoplasmic reticulum: Ribosomes on the surface, produce & store proteins o Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum: Helps store lipids & proteins. o Mitochondrion: Generate ATP, involved in cell growth & death. Contain their own DNA aside from the one within the nucleus. Functions: Produce energy, cell signaling, cellular differentiation, cell cycle & growth regulation. Can also have aerobic respiration. Animal Cell Structure o Centrosome: Mitosis & the cell cycle occur here o Centriole: Cellular division o Lysosome: Digests proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Help remove undigested substances. o Cilia: Appendages that cause a cell to move & can move fluid o Flagella: Tail like structures that help the cell move. A cell usually only has one or a few flagella. Longer than cilia. Cell Cycle: Cell reproduces, growth cell, duplication of genetic material, and cell division. Cell Differentiation: Helps determine the cell type for each cell, process is controlled by genes of each cell (zygote). Following the directions of the genes, a cell builds certain proteins and other substances to set it apart as a specific type of cell. Mitosis: DNA replication & Production of new cells IPMAT=Cytokinesis o Interphase: Cell prepares to divide by replicating genetic & cytoplasmic material. (G1, S, G2) o Prophase: Chromatic thickens & nuclear membrane disintegrates. Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cells, and spindle fibers form. Mitotic spindle, formed cytoskeleton parts, moves chromosomes around the cell. o Metaphase: Spindle moves to the center of the cell. Chromosomes align in the center. o Anaphase: Sister chromosomes begin to pull apart. When separated they’re called daughter chromosomes. Grooves appear in the cell. Cell begins to furrow. o Telophase: Spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane reform, and chromosomes turn into chromatin. In animal cells membrane is pinched, in plant cell a new cell wall begins to form. Splits into two. o Cytokinesis: Physical splitting of the cell. Meiosis: Reproduction of gametes zygote o Prophase I: Parent cell's nuclear membrane begins to disappear, spindles form o Metaphase I: Chromosomes line up with homogonous chromosomes. Crossing over may occur o Anaphase I: Homogonous chromosomes are separated, so one of each goes to either side o Telophase I: Cell separates, cytokinesis occurs o Prophase II: Almost simultaneous with Telaphase I; new spindles form and attach to centromeres [Show Less]
Science Cell Cell: basic organizational unit of all living things. One thing in common is they all have membranes (phospholipids). Cell structu... [Show More] re organization: All cells contain DNA, and RNA & can synthesize proteins. Consists of nucleic acids, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. o Tissues: Cells that are grouped together o Organs: Tissues that are grouped together o Systems: Organs that are grouped together o Organism: A complete individual Nuclear parts of a cell o Nucleus: contains chromosomes, & regulates DNA of the cell. Defining structure of eukaryotic cells (they all have nucleus). Passes genetic traits between generations. Contains nuclear envelop, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, nuclear pores, chromatin, & ribosomes. o Chromosomes: thread like rods of DNA. Short deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA is the genetic material that stores information about the plant/animal. o Chromatin: DNA & Protein makeup chromosomes o Nucleolus: Proteins, small/round doesn’t have membrane. Protein synthesis, synthesizes & stores RNA. o Nuclear envelope: Encloses structures within nucleus. Made of lipids. o Nuclear pores: Exchange materials between the nucleus * cytoplasm o Nucleoplasm: Liquid like cytoplasm, within nucleus. Cell Membranes Cell Membrane (Plasma membrane): Semipermeable membrane of lipids and proteins. Made of phospholipid bilayer, hydrophilic ends of the outer layer facing the external environment, the inner layer facing inside the cell, hydrophobic ends facing each other. o Hydrophilic: Water loving, can dissolve water o Hydrophobic: Hates water, can’t dissolve water Selective Permeability o Selective Permeability with regards to size, charge, and solubility. Cell structure o Ribosomes: synthesize proteins from amino acids. o Golgi apparatus: synthesize materials like proteins that are transported out of the cell. Near nucleus & consists of layers of membranes. o Vacuoles: Sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal. One large in plant cells/ Animal cells are small or have numerous. o Vesicle: Has membrane, & can move materials within the cell. o Cytoskeleton: Microtubules that shape and support the cell. o Microtubules: Part of cytoskeleton & help support cell. Made of protein. o Cytosol: Liquid material within the cell. Mostly water & had floating materials. o Cytoplasm: Cytosol & organelles found within the plasma membrane, not within nucleus! o Cell membrane: Barrier that keeps materials out of cell. Determines what’s allowed in and out. o Rough Endoplasmic reticulum: Ribosomes on the surface, produce & store proteins o Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum: Helps store lipids & proteins. o Mitochondrion: Generate ATP, involved in cell growth & death. Contain their own DNA aside from the one within the nucleus. Functions: Produce energy, cell signaling, cellular differentiation, cell cycle & growth regulation. Can also have aerobic respiration. Animal Cell Structure o Centrosome: Mitosis & the cell cycle occur here o Centriole: Cellular division o Lysosome: Digests proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Help remove undigested substances. o Cilia: Appendages that cause a cell to move & can move fluid o Flagella: Tail like structures that help the cell move. A cell usually only has one or a few flagella. Longer than cilia. Cell Cycle: Cell reproduces, growth cell, duplication of genetic material, and cell division. Cell Differentiation: Helps determine the cell type for each cell, process is controlled by genes of each cell (zygote). Following the directions of the genes, a cell builds certain proteins and other substances to set it apart as a specific type of cell. Mitosis: DNA replication & Production of new cells IPMAT=Cytokinesis o Interphase: Cell prepares to divide by replicating genetic & cytoplasmic material. (G1, S, G2) o Prophase: Chromatic thickens & nuclear membrane disintegrates. Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cells, and spindle fibers form. Mitotic spindle, formed cytoskeleton parts, moves chromosomes around the cell. o Metaphase: Spindle moves to the center of the cell. Chromosomes align in the center. o Anaphase: Sister chromosomes begin to pull apart. When separated they’re called daughter chromosomes. Grooves appear in the cell. Cell begins to furrow. o Telophase: Spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane reform, and chromosomes turn into chromatin. In animal cells membrane is pinched, in plant cell a new cell wall begins to form. Splits into two. o Cytokinesis: Physical splitting of the cell. Meiosis: Reproduction of gametes zygote o Prophase I: Parent cell's nuclear membrane begins to disappear, spindles form o Metaphase I: Chromosomes line up with homogonous chromosomes. Crossing over may occur o Anaphase I: Homogonous chromosomes are separated, so one of each goes to either side o Telophase I: Cell separates, cytokinesis occurs o Prophase II: Almost simultaneous with Telaphase I; new spindles form and attach to centromeres o Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up again, and some crossing over may occur o Anaphase II: Sister chromatids pulled apart at centromeres, towards poles o Telophase II: Cell separates, nuclear membranes form, cytokinesis occurs o Interphase: Diploid sex cells have double the normal chromosomes necessary Tissues Categories of Tissues o Epithelial: Cells are tightly joined. Ex. Skin o Connective: May be dense, loose, or fatty. Protects and binds body parts. Ex. Bone tissue, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood, and lymph. o Cartilage: Cushions & provides structural support for body parts. Jelly like base and fibrous. o Blood: Blood transports oxygen to cells and removes wastes. Carries hormones and defends against diseases. o Bone: Hard tissue that supports and protects softer tissues & organs. Marrow produces red blood cells. o Muscle: Helps support and move the body. 1. Smooth Cardiac Skeletal o Nervous: Located inside the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurons form network through the body that control responses to changes in the external and internal environment. Some send signals to muscles and glands to trigger responses. Organs Mammals 11 organ systems 1) Integumentary system 2) Respiratory system 3) Cardiovascular system 4) Endocrine system 5) Nervous system 6) Immune system [Show Less]
ATI TEAS 6 English Language Study Guide (Latest Update 2020)|Rated A+
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