AQA
A-level
HISTORY
7042/2O
Component 2O Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–
1945
Version: 1.0 Final
IB/M/Jun23/E5 7042/2O
A-level
HISTORY
Com... [Show More] ponent 2O Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–1945
Friday 9 June 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is
7042/2O.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01.
In Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A
– 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B.
2
IB/M/Jun23/7042/2O
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Source A
From the diary of Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda, 10/11 November 1938.
Goebbels kept this private diary with the intention of publishing it at a later date.
Ernst vom Rath’s death is reported; now everything is ready. I bring the matter to the
Führer. He decides: let the demonstrations go on, withdraw the police. The Jews should
get to feel the anger of the people. Some cowards hesitate but I keep pushing on; we
cannot leave unanswered this murder. Messages are now coming in from all over the
Reich: 50, then 75 synagogues are on fire. The Führer has ordered that 30 000 Jews be
arrested immediately. They should see our patience is exhausted. Now the people’s
anger is raging. Bravo! Bravo!
As expected, the whole nation is in turmoil. However, if we let this go on then there is a
danger that the mob will appear. The Führer agrees that the actions must stop but they
will have to repair their shops themselves; the insurers will pay them nothing. Then the
Führer wants to gradually take over the Jewish businesses. We are now awaiting the
effects abroad. Silence for now but the noise surely will come.
5
10
Source B
From a report, sent to the US government, by the American Consul in Leipzig, Germany,
21 November 1938.
The violation of Jewish property which began on 10 November 1938, was subsequently
hailed in the Nazi press as a ‘spontaneous wave of righteous indignation’. As far as most
of the German population is concerned, such indignation is non-existent. On the
contrary, all of the local crowds observed were obviously horrified by the unprecedented
fury of the Nazi acts. Three synagogues in Leipzig were fired and silent and bewildered
crowds come to view their blackened frames. The Nazis threw some trembling Jews into
a stream, commanding horrified spectators to spit at them and jeer at their plight. This
has been corroborated by several German witnesses, sickened at telling the tale. The
slightest show of sympathy evoked a positive fury from the perpetrators, and the crowd
was powerless. This consulate has been a frenzied centre of humanity for the past
10 days. Victims with bloody, badly-bruised faces and many desperate Jewish women,
whose husbands and sons have been taken off, have fled here, seeking to emigrate.
5
10
3
IB/M/Jun23/7042/2O Turn over ►
Source C
From a letter describing Reichkristallnacht to her son in Palestine, from the Jewess,
Betty Scholem, March 1939. Betty had emigrated to Australia after Reichkristallnacht.
Reichkristallnacht was organised much like a military mobilisation. The Nazis were just
waiting for an excuse and, even without Paris, would have created one. The SA was
ready to lead the so-called outbreak of some collective national frenzy of ‘public outrage’.
On 10 November 1938, all hell broke loose and the fire department was only allowed to
prevent the fires from spreading to neighbouring houses, leaving the synagogues to burn
to the ground. The next morning, the ‘laws’ appeared. The Jews were to pay for the
damage, not receive any insurance money and their businesses were to be taken over
by January 1939. Jews were banned, by law, from the theatre, the movies, museums,
sporting events, public swimming pools and were expelled from all the schools and
colleges. Approximately 20 000 men were arrested in Berlin alone, some of them
snatched off the streets. People were forced to endure terrible suffering; there were so
many deaths, it was simply horrific.
5
10
0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context,
assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying Reichkristallnacht.
[30 marks]
Turn over for Section B
4
IB/M/Jun23/7042/2O
Section B
Answer two questions.
0 2 To what extent did economic rather than political problems pose the greater challenge
to the Weimar Republic in the years 1919 to 1923?
[25 marks]
0 3 ‘Weimar society became more liberal and tolerant in the years 1924 to 1929.’
Assess the validity of this view.
[25 marks]
0 4 ‘In the years 1939 to 1945, it was lack of unity that caused opposition and resistance
movements to the Nazis to fail.’
Assess the validity of this view.
[25 marks]
END OF QUESTIONS
Copyright information
For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published
after each live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful
and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team.
Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
*236A7042/2O*
A-level
HISTORY
7042/2O
Component 2O Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–1945
Mark scheme
June 2023
Version: 1.0 Final
*236A7042/2O/MS*
MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL HISTORY – 7042/2O – JUNE 2023
2
Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this exaAQA
A-level
HISTORY
7042/2O
Component 2O Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–
1945
Version: 1.0 Final
IB/M/Jun23/E5 7042/2O
A-level
HISTORY
Component 2O Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–1945
Friday 9 June 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is
7042/2O.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01.
In Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A
– 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B.
2
IB/M/Jun23/7042/2O
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Source A
From the diary of Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda, 10/11 November 1938.
Goebbels kept this private diary with the intention of publishing it at a later date.
Ernst vom Rath’s death is reported; now everything is ready. I bring the matter to the
Führer. He decides: let the demonstrations go on, withdraw the police. The Jews should
get to feel the anger of the people. Some cowards hesitate but I keep pushing on; we
cannot leave unanswered this murder. Messages are now coming in from all over the
Reich: 50, then 75 synagogues are on fire. The Führer has ordered that 30 000 Jews be
arrested immediately. They should see our patience is exhausted. Now the people’s
anger is raging. Bravo! Bravo!
As expected, the whole nation is in turmoil. However, if we let this go on then there is a
danger that the mob will appear. The Führer agrees that the actions must stop but they
will have to repair their shops themselves; the insurers will pay them nothing. Then the
Führer wants to gradually take over the Jewish businesses. We are now awaiting the
effects abroad. Silence for now but the noise surely will come.
5
10
Source B
From a report, sent to the US government, by the American Consul in Leipzig, Germany,
21 November 1938.
The violation of Jewish property which began on 10 November 1938, was subsequently
hailed in the Nazi press as a ‘spontaneous wave of righteous indignation’. As far as most
of the German population is concerned, such indignation is non-existent. On the
contrary, all of the local crowds observed were obviously horrified by the unprecedented
fury of the Nazi acts. Three synagogues in Leipzig were fired and silent and bewildered
crowds come to view their blackened frames. The Nazis threw some trembling Jews into
a stream, commanding horrified spectators to spit at them and jeer at their plight. This
has been corroborated by several German witnesses, sickened at telling the tale. The
slightest show of sympathy evoked a positive fury from the perpetrators, and the crowd
was powerless. This consulate has been a frenzied centre of humanity for the past
10 days. Victims with bloody, badly-bruised faces and many desperate Jewish women,
whose husbands and sons have been taken off, have fled here, seeking to emigrate.
5
10
3
IB/M/Jun23/7042/2O Turn over ►
Source C
From a letter describing Reichkristallnacht to her son in Palestine, from the Jewess,
Betty Scholem, March 1939. Betty had emigrated to Australia after Reichkristallnacht.
Reichkristallnacht was organised much like a military mobilisation. The Nazis were just
waiting for an excuse and, even without Paris, would have created one. The SA was
ready to lead the so-called outbreak of some collective national frenzy of ‘public outrage’.
On 10 November 1938, all hell broke loose and the fire department was only allowed to
prevent the fires from spreading to neighbouring houses, leaving the synagogues to burn
to the ground. The next morning, the ‘laws’ appeared. The Jews were to pay for the
damage, not receive any insurance money and their businesses were to be taken over
by January 1939. Jews were banned, by law, from the theatre, the movies, museums,
sporting events, public swimming pools and were expelled from all the schools and
colleges. Approximately 20 000 men were arrested in Berlin alone, some of them
snatched off the streets. People were forced to endure terrible suffering; there were so
many deaths, it was simply horrific.
5
10
0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context,
assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying Reichkristallnacht.
[30 marks]
Turn over for Section B
4
IB/M/Jun23/7042/2O
Section B
Answer two questions.
0 2 To what extent did economic rather than political problems pose the greater challenge
to the Weimar Republic in the years 1919 to 1923?
[25 marks]
0 3 ‘Weimar society became more liberal and tolerant in the years 1924 to 1929.’
Assess the validity of this view.
[25 marks]
0 4 ‘In the years 1939 to 1945, it was lack of unity that caused opposition and resistance
movements to the Nazis to fail.’
Assess the validity of this view.
[25 marks]
END OF QUESTIONS
Copyright information
For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published
after each live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful
and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team.
Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
*236A7042/2O*
A-level
HISTORY
7042/2O
Component 2O Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918–1945
Mark scheme
June 2023
Version: 1.0 Final
*236A7042/2O/MS*
MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL HISTORY – 7042/2O – JUNE 2023
2
Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark schememination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme [Show Less]
