AEPA AZ083 Q&A 2023 Update A+
infections that can cause intellectual disabilities in babies and young children - ANSCongenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Co... [Show More] ngenital rubella, or German measles
Congenital tozoplasmossis
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Maternal Listeriosis
Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - ANS-Passed to fetuses from mothers, who may
be symptomatic-- 90% of newborns are also asymptomatic; 5% to 10% of these have
later problems such as neurological abnormalities, including intellectual disabilities.
Congenital Rubella/German Measles - ANS-passed to fetuses from unvaccinated and
exposed mothers, causing neurological damage including blindness or other eye
disorders, deafness, heart defects and intellectual disabilities
Congenital toxoplasmosis - ANS-passed to fetuses by infected mothers, who can be
asymptomatic, with a parasite form raw or undercooked meat that causes intellectual
disabilities, vision or hearing loss, and other conditions.
Encephalitis - ANS-a brain immflamuation cause by infection, most often viral.
Meningitis - ANS-inflammation of the meninges or the membranes covering the spinal
cord or brain and is caused by viral or bacterial infection-- the bacterial form is more
serious
Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - ANS-passed to fetuses, destroy
immunity to infections which can cause intellectual disabilities
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - ANS-The most advanced, and fatal,
stage of an HIV infection passed to fetuses, destroy immunity to infections which can
cause intellectual disabilities
Maternal listeriosis - ANS-a bacterial infection from contaminated food, animals, soil, or
water, can cause meningitis and intellectual disabilities in surviving fetuses and infants.
Chromosomal abnormalities that cause intellectual disabilities in babies and young
children - ANS-Cri Cu Chat Syndorme
Fragile X Syndrome
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Down Syndrome
Cri Cu Chat Syndorme - ANS-A missing part of chromosome 5-- named for the infants
characteristic high-pitched, cat-like cry; causes intellectual disabilities among other
abnormalities
Fragile X Syndrome - ANS-a mutation in the FMR1 gene that makes a small part of the
gene code repeat on a fragile portion of the X chromosome, causing the commonest
form of inherited intellectual disabilities in boys
Prader-Willi Syndrome - ANS-caused by a missing gene on a part of chromosome 15;
causes small size, floppiness, intellectual disabilities, reduced, absents sex hormones,
and uncontrollable urge to eat everything
Down Syndrome - ANS-Caused by an extra copy on the 21st chromosome which
produces varying degrees on intellectual disabilities.
environmental, nutritional, and metabolic influences that can cause intellectual
disabilities in babies and young children - ANS-Environmental deprivation syndrome
Malnutrition
Environmental Radiation
Congenital hypothyroidism
Hypoglycemia
Infant Hyperilirubinemia
Reye Syndrome
Environmental deprivation - ANS-results when developing children are deprived of
necessary environmental elements-- physical, including adequate nourishment
(malnutrition); climate or temperature control (extremes of heat or cold); hygiene, like
changing and bathing-- includes lack of adequate cognitive stimulation which can stunt
a child's intellectual development and neglect in general.
Malnutrition - ANS-results from starvation; vitamin, mineral, or nutrient deficiency;
deficiencies in digestion or absorbing foods and some other medical conditions.
Environmental Radiation - ANS-Depending on dosage and time of exposure, can cause
intellectual disabilities.
Congenital hypothyroidism - ANS-under active thyroid can cause intellectual disabilities
Hypoglycemia - ANS-low blood sugar from inadequately controlled diabetes or
occurring independently and cause intellectual disabilities
Infant Hyperbilirubinemia - ANS-Bilirubin, a waste product of old red blood cells, is
found in bile made up of the liver and is normally removed by the liver; excessive
bilirubin buildup in babies can cause intellectual disabilities.
Reye Syndrome - ANS-cause by aspirin given children with flu or chicken pox, or
following these viruses or other upper respiratory infections, or from unknown causes,
produces sudden liver and brain damage and can result in intellectual disabilities
General Characteristic of newborns with intellectual disabilities - ANS-may not
demonstrate normal reflexes such as rooting and sucking reflexes, necessary for
nursing-- may not show other temporary infant reflexes such as the Moro, Babinski,
Swimming, stepping, or labyrinthine reflexes, or the may demonstrate weaker versions
of some of these-- these reflexes may exist but persist past the age when they normally
disappear-- likely to display developmental milestones at a later-than-typical age.
General Characteristic of young children with intellectual disabilities - ANS-likely to walk,
self-feed, and speak later than normally developing children, those who learn to read
and write do so at later ages-- may lack curiosity and have quiet demeanors, those with
profound intellectual disabilities are likely to remain infantile in abilities and behaviors
throughout life-- will score below normal on standardized IQ tests and adaptive behavior
rating scales.
Genetic or inherited metabolic disorders that cause intellectual disabilities in babies and
young children -
Continues... [Show Less]
