ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 260 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
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Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)? a. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30%lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood. b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins. d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 create an abnormal,fused gene identified as BCR-ABL. - ...ANSWER...a
RATIONALE: ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood. None of the other options provide an accurate description of ALL.
Which description is consistent with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor gene, and INK4A, the gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein. b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocyticcells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins. d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-ABL1. - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: The Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 95% of those with CML, and the presence of the BCR-ABL1 protein is responsible for the initiation of CML. The other options do not accurately describe CML.
Which description is consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)? a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor gene, and INK4A, thegene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein. b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow andperipheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocyticcells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins. d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-ABL. - ...ANSWER...c
RATIONALE: CLL is derived from transformation of a partially mature B cell that has not yet encountered antigen. The other options do not accurately describe CLL.
Which term is used to describe a red-purple discoloration caused by diffuse hemorrhage into the skin tissue? a. Petechiae b. Hematoma c. Ecchymosis d. Purpura - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: Diffuse hemorrhage into skin tissues that is visible through the skin causes a red-purple discoloration identified as a purpura. None of the other options are used to identify this symptom.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a(n) condition in adults and a(n) condition in children. a. Acute; acute b. Chronic; chronic c. Acute; chronic d. Chronic; acute - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: ITP may be acute or chronic. The acute form is frequently observed in children. Chronic ITP is more commonly observed in adults, with the highest prevalence in women between 20 and 40 years of age.
Which statement relates to immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
a. ITP is formed in conditions of low flow and is made up of mostly red cells withlarger amounts of fibrin and few platelets. b. An alteration of multipotent stem cells, resulting in an excess production ofplatelets, causes ITP. c. Mononuclear phagocytes in the spleen remove antibodycoated platelets from circulation. d. Arterial clots are made up of mostly platelet aggregates held together by fibrin strands. - ...ANSWER...ANS: C
RATIONALE:ITP involves the antigen usually forming immune complexes with circulating antibodies, and it is thought that the immune complexes bind to Fc receptors on platelets, leading to their destruction in the spleen. None of the other options are accurately related to ITP.
When the demand for mature neutrophils exceeds the supply, immature neutrophils are released indicating: a. A shift to the right b. A shift to the left c. Leukocytosis d. Leukemia - ...ANSWER...ANS: B
RATIONALE: When the demand for circulating mature neutrophils exceeds the supply, the marrow begins to release immature neutrophils (and other leukocytes) into the blood. Premature release of the immature white cells is responsible for the phenomenon known as a shift to the left or leukemoid reaction. None of the remaining options would be used to identify the process described.
Which classic clinical manifestations are symptoms of IM? (Select all that apply.) a. Lymph node enlargement b. Hepatitis c. Pharyngitis d. Edema in the area of the eyes e. Fever - ...ANSWER...a, c, e
RATIONALE: At the time of diagnosis, the individual usually has the classic triad of symptoms: fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes. The triad does not include hepatitis or orbital edema.
Early detection of acute leukemia would include which of the following symptoms?(Select all that apply.) a. Dizziness b. Paresthesia c. Anorexia d. Bruising e. Bone pain - ...ANSWER...ANS: C, D, E
RATIONALE: Signs and symptoms related to bone marrow depression include fatigue caused by anemia, bleeding resulting from thrombocytopenia (reduced numbers of circulating platelets), and fever caused by infection. Anorexia can occur in all varieties of acute leukemia and is associated with weight loss. Pain in the bones and joints is thought to result from leukemia infiltration with secondary stretching of the periosteum. The other options are not generally associated with acute leukemia. [Show Less]
