AANP Exam REVIEW - Answered-TB Testing Principles - The PPD is 5 tuberculin units in 0.1 ml is administered intradermally on the volar aspect of the lower ... [Show More] arm and read 48 hours after the test is given. The PPD result must have induration and measure 10 mm or greater to be positive in a low-risk patient. Greater than 5 mm is considered positive in high risk population such as those with known exposure to TB.
Any HIV person needs annual testing for TB.
A positive result warrants chest x ray.
Diagnosis confirmation with sputum culture.
TB Risk factors - Compromised immune system, high-risk populations (minorities, foreign-born people, prisoners, nursing home residents, indigents, migrant workers and healthcare providers), steroid therapy and blood disorders.
AFP (Alpha Feta Protein) - Produced in the fetal and maternal liver, higher levels are commonly seen in multiple gestations due to the growing fetuses and enlargement of the livers.
Calcium Channel Blockers - Act by blocking the calcium channels in the heart muscle and the blood vessels, thereby keeping more calcium in the bones.
Lachman Maneuver - Test performed to assess for knee instability. Knee instability indicates a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Tanner Staging - After stage III, expect menses.
Stage IV is secondary breast mound
Stage III for males is lengthening of penis.
Stage IV is increased breadth and width.
S2 - Caused by closure of the semilunar valves
Medicare Part B: - 1. outpatient physician visits, lab, and x-ray
2. durable medical equipment
3. mammograms/colonoscopy yearly after age 50
4. rehab
Atopic Dermatitis - Skin condition in which the lesions occur in a linear fashion. they may have many different stages including erythematous papules and vesicles, with weeping, drainage, and/or crusting. Lesions are commonly found on the scalp, face, forearms, wrists, elbows, and backs of knees. commonly pruritic. Also known as eczema.
A positive Coombs test on an Rh-negative pregnant women means. - The mother's antibodies can attack the fetus's Rh-positive red blood cells and cause destruction of these cells, which can cause severe anemia and complications in the fetus. Today this is preventable with the administration of anti- RhD immunoglobulin to an Rh-negative mother at 28 weeks gestation and after birth if the newborn is Rh positive.
RhoGAM - Give to mothers with Rh negative blood when the fetus has Rh positive blood. RhoGAM protects the mother from developing antibodies by destroying the Rh-positive fetal RBCs in the mother's blood system.
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis - a complication of having pelvic inflammatory disease that was caused by a vaginal infection, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. This causes inflammation and infection in the pelvic cavity. Left untreated, this infection can cause adhesions that stretch from the peritoneum to the liver.
Preeclampsia - Hypertension
Edema
Proteinuria
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy - These are the signs that are experienced by the patient such as amenorrhea, breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, increased urinary frequency, etc. [Show Less]
