ATI PHARMACOLOGY BIOL 109
FINAL EXAM 2023.QUESTIONS
WITH RATIONALES AND
ANSWERS
1. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a clien... [Show More] t who has
cirrhosis.
The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse
should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease
levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream?
a. Glucose
b. Ammonia
c. Potassium
d. Bicarbonate
Rationale:
Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents
absorption of ammonia in the colon. Accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream,
which occurs in pathologic conditions of the liver, such as cirrhosis, may affect the
central nervous system, causing hepatic encephalopathy or coma.
2. A nurse on a medical unit is planning care for an older adult client who takes
several medications. Which of the following prescribed medications places the
client at risk for orthostatic hypotension? (Select all that apply.)
a. Furosemide
b. Telmisartan
c. Duloxetine
d. Clopidogrel
e. Atorvastatin
3. A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications and is
prescribed entericcoated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the
medication can be crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following
responses should the nurse provide?
a.
b. "Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in some ice
cream for you.”
c. "Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, rather
than over time."
d. "Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the ingredients in the medication."
Rationale:
The pill is enteric-coated to prevent breakdown in the stomach
and decrease the possibility of GI distress. Crushing destroys protection.
4. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2
diabetes mellitus and has a prescription for glipizide. Which of the following
statements by the nurse best describes the action of glipizide?
a. "Glipizide absorbs the excess carbohydrates in your system."
b. "Glipizide stimulates your pancreas to release insulin."
c.
"Glipizide replaces insulin that is not being produced by your pancreas."
d.
"Glipizide prevents your liver from destroying your insulin."
Rationale:
Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic medication in the pharmacological classification of
sulfonylurea agents. These medications help to lower blood glucose levels in clients
who have type 2 diabetes mellitus using several methods, including reducing
glucose output by the liver, increasing peripheral sensitivity to insulin, and
stimulating the release of insulin from the functioning beta cells of the pancreas
5. A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and is
to be started on intravenous revamping therapy. The nurse should instruct the
client that this medication can cause which of the following adverse effects?
a. Constipation
b. Black coloured stools
c. Staining of teeth
d. Body secretions turning a red-orange colour
Rationale:
Revamping is used in combination with other medicines to treat
TB. revamping will cause the urine, stool, saliva
6. A nurse is caring for a client who has congestive heart failure and is taking
digoxin daily. The client refused breakfast and is complaining of nausea and
weakness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
a. A. Check the client's vital signs.
b. Request a dietitian consult.
c. Suggest that the client rests before eating the meal.
d. Request an order for an antiemetic.
Rationale:
It is possible that the client's nausea is secondary to digoxin toxicity. Assess
for bradycardia, a symptom of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should withhold the
medication and call the provider if the client's heart rate is less than 60 bpm.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and has been taking
lithium for 1 year. Before administering the medication, the nurse should
check to see that which of the following tests have been completed?
a. Thyroid hormone assay
i. Rationale: Thyroid testing is important because long-term use of
lithium may lead to thyroid dysfunction. . Liver function tests:
i. Rationale: LFTs must be monitored before and during valproic
acid therapy
c. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
i. Rationale: This is not a necessary test related to lithium therapy.
d. Brain natriuretic peptide
8. A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophlebitis and is receiving heparin
by continuous IV infusion. The client asks the nurse how long it will take for the
heparin to dissolve the clot. Which of the following responses should the nurse
give?
a. "It usually takes heparin at least 2 to 3 days to reach a therapeutic blood
level."
b. "A pharmacist is the person to answer that question."
c. "Heparin does not dissolve clots. It stops new clots from forming."
d. "The oral medication you will take after this IV will dissolve the clot.
Rationale:
This statement accurately answers the client's question.
9. A nurse caring for a client who has hypertension and asks the nurse about
a prescription for propranolol. The nurse should inform the client that this
medication is contraindicated in clients who have a history of which of the
following conditions?
a) Asthma
b) Glaucoma
b) Depression
c) Migraines
Rationale:
Propranolol, a beta-blocker, is contraindicated in clients who have asthma because
it can cause bronchospasms. Propranolol blocks the sympathetic stimulation, which
prevents smooth muscle relaxation. [Show Less]
