C468 IT Study Guide -Comprehensive-2022/2023
Information Management and the Application of Technology Notes
Information Management
-The graduat... [Show More] e analyzes the role of info management in the delivery of timely, high-quality, patient- centered care-
Informatics and Information Science - IT
Information Science --- Informatics- Information systems
● Information Science are the roots to the tree of Informatics – with Information systems and Information Technologies as branches.
● Information Systems vs. Information Science
● Information Science: Primarily focused on input, processing, output, and feedback through technology integration.
■ Incorporates features from communication science, computer science, social science,
library science, and cognitive science.
■ Applies technology to make information usable.
■ Supports the collection and management of info.
■ This is the focus on how to gather, process and transform information into
knowledge. It also incorporates features from these five other sciences: communication science, computer science, social science, library science, and cognitive science.
● Information Systems: Computer systems that use hardware and software to process data into information in order to solve a problem.
○ Using the EHR to document care of a patient with a femur fx is an example of using the EHR in which way? — Information System
○ Information systems are used to collect, create, and distribute useful data.
○ The development, use, and management of an organization's I.T. infrastructure.
○ An umbrella term for sub-categories such as: clinical information systems, core business systems, case management system, and communication systems.
● Life cycle of Information Systems (Know what happens in each phase) ○ Needs Assessment Phase:
■ *determine needs and wants in an information system*, gap analysis
■ Investigating current deficits and needs of the organization IS NOT a role in they
system implementation phase. It is a role in the Needs Assessment phase.
○ System Selection Phase: The organization seeks out a vendor company that provides a system that best fits the needs. There are three documents that are used:
■ 1) Request for information document: (RFI) Initial contact with the vendor. Get essential
information about the *company’s history* (How many other organizations have used them?)
■ 2) Request for Proposal document: (RFP) Organization prioritizes or rates their needs
and wants. Sends the outline to the vendor and asks if they can meet this need.
■ 3)Request for Quote document: (RFQ) Pricing, finances, and contract terms.
■ It’s not important that selection committee board members understand software
and electronic processes. *They aren’t the end users who need to be trained* in the system. They just have to have a general understanding of it.
○ System Implementation Phase:
■ Go live planning→ Train staff (including end users)→ Analyst starts building
screens and templates according to organization and its policies→ Apply any changes specific to that organization→ Go live.
■ Presenting the system design to management is not the responsibility of the
project implementation team.
● Maintenance Phase: Problem solving, any debugging, files backed up routinely and install any system upgrades, make sure it’s working as intended.
○ It is a continuous cycle.
○ System Evaluation IS NOT a phase of the information system life cycle.
● Informatics vs. Information Technology
○ Informatics: A combination of nursing science, computer science, and information science.
■ Specific information technologies that support nursing practice.
■ It is the science and art of turning data into information.
○ Information Technologies: A general term used to refer to the management and processing of information with the assistance of computers, ex → EHR, barcode medication administration… (Uses computers to transmit data.)
■ CPOE, barcode medication administration and clinical decision support are all
examples of Information Technologies.
○ Commonalities: Both aid in clinical decision making and are a major resource for many organizations.
● Discuss the relationship between the terms:
○ Data: A collection of numbers, characters, or facts that are gathered according to some perceived need for analysis and possibly action at a later point in time.
■ A patient's height, weight, code status, and date of birth are all examples of data. Once data is analyzed and interpreted, it then becomes information.
○ Information: Data that have been interpreted.
○ Knowledge: The synthesis of information derived from several sources to produce a single concept or idea. It is based on a logical process of analysis and provides order to thoughts and ideas and decreases uncertainty.
■ The Foundation of Knowledge Model: This is the basis for which knowledge is used to
meet the needs of the healthcare delivery system. It is derived from its three key elements of:
● knowledge acquisition ● knowledge processing ● knowledge dissemination.
○ Wisdom: Occurs when knowledge is used appropriately to manage and solve problems.
Relate the concept of information literacy to nursing informatics?
○ Information literacy: The ability to recognize when information is needed as well as the skills to find, evaluate, and use needed information effectively.
● Nursing and Informatics
○ Nursing Informatics: The use of technology and information to help support all aspects of nursing practice.
○ Includes direct delivery of care, administration, education, and research.
● Recognize the role of nurses as knowledge workers:
○ A knowledge worker is a: specialist in their field. ■ They have advanced formal education.
■ They can apply theoretical and analytical knowledge.
● .
■ continuous learner, use technology to support and inform nursing practice, and
generate knowledge as a product.
● Explain the relationship of information science, computer science, and nursing science within the context of nursing practice:
○ These are the core sciences of nursing informatics/they are combined to make up nursing informatics.
● New technologies are continuously impacting the practice of nursing. Nursing informatics will continue to evolve with changes in the profession, the healthcare delivery system, and informatics in general.
● Know the different levels and expectations:
○ Novice/Beginning nurse: These Rns are more task based, but transition to knowledge based as they gain experience.
■ They possess basic computer skills and can use information systems to manage pts.
■ They can access data and charts electronically and can support pt safety initiatives using
I.T.
■ They recognize the role of informatics in nursing. [Show Less]
