Thorndike’s studies with cats led him to state that behavior that leads to a “satisfying state of affairs” is likely to occur again, whereas
... [Show More] behavior that leads to an “annoying state of affairs” is not likely to occur again. This principle is known as:
A cognitive map is a(n):
Billy has watched many movies in which the hero smokes cigarettes.
When Billy identifies with these heroes and begins to smoke, what psychological term might be used to describe his behavior?
What type of learning occurs when one’s behavior is modified simply through exposure to others performing a behavior?
What is the main difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
The best definition of learning is that learning:
What is believed to have happened to Little Albert?
won a Nobel Prize for his work on the digestive system, work
What is an unconditioned response?
Which factor may account for the relation between children’s observing violence in the media and their later likelihood of showing
The statement “Once you classically condition an animal it is impossible to completely terminate the association” is:
What is the fundamental characteristic of operant conditioning that sets it apart from classical conditioning?
Why would a dopamine blocker be prescribed to someone with Tourette’s syndrome or other involuntary behaviors?
You want your dog to learn to lie down when you are about to give him a treat. If you first reinforce his behavior when he sits, then when he sits and stays, then when he lies down, you are using the technique
Setting dates exactly one month apart for exams is an example of testing on a:
What type of reward schedule extinguishes the fastest?
Sunil wishes to classically condition his dog to fear skunks so he does not get sprayed again. This task should be much easier than teaching him to fear a houseplant because:
The school of behaviorism was based on the belief that:
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Answ
A. animals and humans are born with the potential to learn just about anything.
The imitation of observed behavior is known as:
Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem, even after sitting at his desk for an hour. He gets up and goes for a walk. Suddenly, the answer comes to him, even though he appears to have stopped thinking about it for a while. This phenomenon is called
You are conducting an informal study in which, for a month, you play a particular song for your best friend right before you serve dinner to her. Eventually, you play the song, and then wait to see how your friend responds. She begins to salivate and says she has hunger pains. In this scenario, what is the unconditioned stimulus?
Token economies are widely used in , an area that involves the application of operant-conditioning procedures to help people engage in better behaviors.
What is the term used by behaviorists to describe the gradual forming of an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?
Adjusting to a phone ringing during a lecture is an example of learning, whereas feeling excited when your own phone gives a text message alert is an example of learning.
Dr. Shaw has a patient with a phobia to spiders. The patient enjoys doing puzzles. Dr. Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle. What technique is Dr. Shaw
When humans feel threatened, they tend to freeze first and then run. This reaction is an example of:
The ability to respond with an appropriate conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus and with no response to a very similar yet substantially different stimulus is known as:
Positive punishment and negative punishment are similar in that both:
Hummingbirds feed on a schedule because they revisit each flower at specific times of the day to get the sweetest nectar.
Layla wants to teach a mouse to put half its food in a small box. Its reward will be to get twice as much food later. Why will this be difficult?
Navario is refusing to do his homework because he wants to go out to play. His mother tells him he is not allowed to play until his homework is finished. His mother is using:
In the Rescorla-Wagner model, the more surprising the unconditional stimulus is, the greater the need for an organism to it using a conditional stimulus.
According to your textbook, which of the following is a good metaphor for learning in young children?
Positive reinforcement and positive punishment are similar in that both:
Learning without direct reinforcement is known as:
What is the difference between a positive and a negative prediction error?
Thorndike’s rule that actions resulting in good outcomes will be repeated and bad outcomes will NOT be repeated is known as the:
According to your textbook, what would be the best parenting method to encourage your child to do well in school?
John wants to teach his pet to do a trick. Based on the partial- reinforcement extinction effect, what type(s) of reinforcement should he use if he wants to ensure enduring, stable behavior?
Eric Kandel’s study of learning in invertebrate animals provided evidence for neuronal alteration during:
Dante was sitting on a rock to rest during a hike. Suddenly he felt immense pain and looked down to see a snake had bitten him in the leg. He is now terrified of anything that even resembles a snake.
Dante has developed a(n):
Skinner’s earliest work was conducted with rats in:
When one learns the consequences of an action by watching another person perform the action, this type of learning is called learning.
What is the name commonly applied to the type of learning that Skinner studied?
Which of the following terms is used to describe the removal of a stimulus?
When, after extensive extinction trials, the presentation of the conditioned stimulus briefly produces a conditioned response, this process is known as:
Watson’s study of Little Albert was one of the first studies on what clinical phenomenon?
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
Pavlovian conditioning is also referred to as:
Based on his work, Pavlov believed that was the critical element needed for acquisition to occur during conditioning. [Show Less]