polar
Molecule with partial charges. Mixes with water.
nonpolar
No partial charges. Do not mix with water.
electronegativity
Attraction of an
... [Show More] atom for electrons in a covalent bond.
cohesion
Water molecules sticking to each other.
adhesion
Water molecules sticking to other surfaces.
solute
Something dissolved in a solution.
solvent
Dissolving agent of a solution.
isomers
Same atoms but different arrangement.
structural isomers
Differ in arrangement of atoms.
geometric isomer
Differ in arrangement around a double bond.
enantiomers
Structures that are like a mirror-image.
alpha glucose
Monomer for starch and glycogen.
beta glucose
Monomer for cellulose and chitin.
cellulose
Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls.
starch
Storage polysaccharide of plants.
glycogen
Extremely branched polymer of glucose.
chitin
Polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls.
-ose
Suffix of a sugar.
tryiacylglycerol
Glycerol and three fatty acids.
steroids
Made of four rings of carbon.
cholesterol
Steroid common in cell membranes, also in many hormones.
peptide bond
Bonds that connect amino acids.
Fredrick Sanger
Determined amino acid sequence of proteins.
disulphide bridges
Reinforce tertiary structure.
primary structure
Chain of amino acids.
secondary structure
Either an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet.
tertiary structure
Results from interactions between side chains.
quaternary structure
Results from two or more polypeptide subunits.
-in
Suffix of a protein.
purines
Bases with a double-ring structure.
pyrimidines
Bases with a single-ring structure.
phosphodiester bonds
Bonds between phosphate group and pentose sugar in nucleic acids.
synthesis
To put together.
digestion
To break apart.
dehydration synthesis
Condensation reaction where molecules are connected by loss of a water molecule.
hydrolysis
Reaction where water split into
two hydrogens and one oxygen; this breaks a polymer.
anabolism
Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy. [Show Less]