FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
ACTIVITY 1
Define the term project stakeholders. (100–150 words)
Stakeholders are individuals or groups whose role is intrinsic t
... [Show More] o shaping the success or failure of
the project. They have a key interest (stake) in the projects outcome because it is going to
impact on their wellbeing, authority, status, and/or day to day operations. Most projects have
more than one stakeholder or stakeholder group with direct or indirect involvement and it is up
to the project manager to discover what level of involvement they will need to have. According
to the PMBOK, Guide 2004, Project stakeholders can be defined as: Individuals and
organisations that are actively involved in the project or whose interests may be positively or
negatively affected because of project execution or project completion; they may also exert
influence over the project and its results.
Describe the techniques used in the initial stages that can help identify relevant stakeholders.
Provide at least five examples. Which do you consider would be most effective? Explain. (100–150
words)
A project manager must be sure to list all potential stakeholders, although drawing the line between
who is affected and who is not can be challenging. Even with the best efforts, problems cam appears.
For example, individuals and groups that are positioned just outside of the project impact area can
still perceive impacts or feel they have been arbitrary. Excluded from project benefits. For these
reasons, identifying stakeholders too narrowly should be avoided.
There are several techniques that can be used to identify stakeholders. These techniques can be both
formal and informal and should fit the requirements of the project. Please see the following as I think
these are the most relevant because I think they are good techniques of going the extra mile to try
and search for stakeholders who are not known yet by seeking records, advice, brainstorming and
using in house knowledge to go and find what they are looking for.
1. Reviewing a previous projects consultation and engagement records.
2. Analyse socioeconomic and demographic profiling information.
3. Ask critical questions about the factors influencing future changes to the project and who
might be affected from these changes.
4. Seek advice from the stakeholders with existing relationships to the project or
company/organisation. Call for expressions of interest from groups or individuals. Public
broadcasts such as announcements by leaders at meetings, newsletters, community
networks or mass media could be used. (radio, TV, newspaper etc)
5. Utilise inhouse knowledge and practice brainstorming exercises with the project team and/or
a cross section of the project’s key participants. External stakeholders can also be involved.
Explain the differences between internal and external stakeholders and provide at least four
examples of each. (75–100 words)
Internal stakeholders have differing levels of involvement and are usually required to directly
participate in certain project activities. For example, internal stakeholders can participate in project
planning, scope, definitions, definition of task attributes, projections of efforts and cists, budgeting
and scheduling, risk analysis, data management, supply or disbursement of resources, and training or
mentoring of teams and project managers.
External stakeholders can also participate in the very same project activities; however, their roles
might be limited to that consultancy rather than being directly involved accountable. As the term [Show Less]