SOPHIA UNIT 1 MILESTONE 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
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1
In the Phaedo, Socrates makes all of the following claims, EXCEPT:
Valuing what is right more than life is illogical and meaningless.
Sensory distractions hinder the soul's pursuit of truth and knowledge.
The philosopher is concerned with the soul and not with the body.
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Without a body to impede his or her progress, the philosopher may see things as they truly are.
RATIONALE
The Phaedo is a conversation between Socrates and his students about death. It takes place just before his execution. During this
conversation, Socrates demonstrates why philosophers should not fear death, which he defines as the end of the life of the body, but not of
the soul. He believes that there is no value in preserving the life of the body if preservation comes at the expense of the soul's pursuit of
wisdom (i.e., what is right).
CONCEPT
The Phaedo: The Death of Socrates
2
Nancy is a cashier at a grocery store. A boy from her school, who she knows is underage, attempts to buy beer. Nancy hesitates before
completing the transaction.
According to Aristotle’s ethics, which question should Nancy ask herself?
Are there possible consequences of this action that could harm me?
What kind of person should I be?
How can I reach a compromise?
Why is this action right, and why is it wrong?
RATIONALE
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Aristotelian ethics are primarily concerned with character. As a result, Nancy should ask herself “What kind of person should I be?” rather
than “How should I act?”
According to Aristotelian ethics, actions are evaluated based on how they inform your character. Therefore, Nancy must determine what
kind of person she wants to be and what virtues she wants to cultivate, and then act accordingly.
CONCEPT
Applying Aristotle's Ethics
3
Which of the following is the most important tenet of Stoicism?
To resist playing a role
To understand that reality is either good or bad
To feed our desires
To let go of what we cannot control
RATIONALE
Stoicism is a philosophy that encourages us to focus only on what we can control (e.g., our desires, emotions, judgments, and reactions).
We should not be upset by things that are beyond our control. Stoicism encourages us to reduce desire and to view reality as neither good
nor bad.
CONCEPT
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Stoicism: The Ethics of Dispassion
4
Choose the example that best demonstrates a central tenet of Stoicism.
Carlene is devastated when her outdoor party is interrupted by a thunderstorm.
Stephanie is a good nurse because she is skillful and always remains composed.
Bob is such a rabid Cubs fan that it isn’t fun to watch a baseball game with him.
Mr. Donovan insists that he begin each morning with pastry and a cup of sweet tea.
RATIONALE
Stoicism is a philosophy that encourages people to focus only on what they can control (e.g., their desires, emotions, and reactions).
Because Stoicism focuses on eliminating desires, and emphasizes control of emotions, it leads people to perform their assigned jobs (or
roles) skillfully and dispassionately.
CONCEPT
Stoicism: The Ethics of Dispassion
5
Which branch of philosophy examines the ultimate nature of reality? [Show Less]