PSYC101 / PSYC 101 Module 7 – General Psychology (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Verified Q&A

Exam

PSYC101 / PSYC 101 Module 7 – General Psychology (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Verified Questions & Correct Answers | Grade A | Portage Learning 2026 ... / 2027 Academic Year Q: What is memory? A. The ability to retain knowledge B. The ability to pay attention during an event C. The ability to learn from environmental stimuli D. The transformation of information from one form to another A. The ability to retain knowledge Q: The three steps of memory are encoding, storage, and _____. A. translation B. cueing C. processing D. retrieval D. retrieval Q: Encoding is the process of acquiring information and _____ it into memory. A. recovering B. transferring C. retrieving D. salvaging B. transferring Q: Like other adaptations, forming memories requires _____. A. knowledge of the process B. energy C. skill D. intelligence B. energy Q: _____ refers to the process of acquiring information and transferring it into memory. A.Storage B. Retrieval C. Information processing D. Encoding D. Encoding Q: Two of the most common causes of retrieval failure are interference and _____. A. sensations B. semantics C. stress D. cues C. stress Q: _____ refers to the process of keeping information in the brain for future reconstruction. A. Encoding B. Storage C. Information processing D. Retrieval B. Storage Q: _____ refers to the process of finding memories or reconstructing the details that make up a memory. A. Storage B. Information processing C. Retrieval D. Encoding C. Retrieval Q: What is the main evolutionary benefit of memory? A. It gives animals the ability to react to each predator as a new experience. B. It provides animals with a way to connect more deeply with one another. C. It allows animals to communicate better. D. It allows animals to use information from the past to respond quickly to immediate challenges. D. It allows animals to use information from the past to respond quickly to immediate challenges. Q: Memory's benefits to survival are shown in the fact that nearly all animals are able to form memories despite ____. A. the high energy costs B. their inability to recall the memories easily C. the social pressure against it D. the time it takes to form the memories A. the high energy costs Q: According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory, information flows through three stages. What is the correct flow of information in this model? A. Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory B. Sensory input, short-term memory, and long-term rehearsal C. Sensory memory, short-term rehearsal, and long-term memory D. Short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory A. Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory Q: ____ codes are used to process touch and other body senses. A. Acoustic B. Haptic C. Echoic D. Visual B. Haptic Q: The ability to remember seven numbers plus or minus two was first identified by psychologist ____. A. Richard Atkinson B. George Sperling C. George Miller D. Alan Baddeley C. George Miller Q: Which of the following is an adaptation of the short-term memory model that involves the active manipulation of multiple types of information simultaneously? A. Declarative memory B. Restorative memory C. Working memory D. Autobiographical memory C. Working memory Q: _____ rehearsal is simple repetition of the material. A. Introspective B. Maintenance C. Elaborative D. Functional B. Maintenance Q: Superior recall for the first items on a list is known as the ____. A. primacy effect B. nondeclarative effect C. declarative effect D. recency effect A. primacy effect Q: The first stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model involves the retention of large amounts of incoming data for very brief amounts of time. This is called ____. A. short-term memory B. sensory memory C. explicit memory D. declarative memory B. sensory memory Q: The ability to remember seven numbers plus or minus two refers to the ____. A. capacity of semantic memory B. duration of semantic memory C. duration of short-term memory D. capacity of short-term memory D. capacity of short-term memory Q: Carlos asks Laura to write down her phone number and e-mail address. He promptly loses the slip of paper. However, he finds that he stills remembers them both. This is possible because ____. A. working memory processes information as visuospatial memories B. of the nature of rehearsal within working memory C. working memory can manage more than one type of information at a time D. of the passive nature of storage involved with working memory C. working memory can manage more than one type of information at a time Q: Long-term memory is characterized by ____. A. limited duration and unlimited capacity B. limited duration and limited capacity C. unlimited duration and limited capacity D. unlimited duration and unlimited capacity D. unlimited duration and unlimited capacity Q: In most cases, information moves from short-term or working memory to long-term memory through ____. A. mnemonics B. the method of loci C. chunking D. rehearsal D. rehearsal Q: A graph of the serial position effect, where the likelihood that an item will be recalled is plotted as a function of the item's position in a list during presentation, takes the shape of a ____. A. line that begins at a high level and slopes downward to the right B. U-shaped curve C. line that begins at a low level and slopes upward to the right D. J-shaped curve B. U-shaped curve Q: Declarative memories are consciously retrieved memories that are easy to verbalize and include ____. A. semantic, episodic, and autobiographical information B. semantic, procedural, and autobiographical memories C. explicit and implicit memories D. nondeclarative and implicit aspects A. semantic, episodic, and autobiographical information Q: ____ memory is organized like a timeline. A. Episodic B. Semantic C. Classical D. Nondeclarative A. Episodic Q: Priming is a change in a response to a stimulus as a result of exposure to a ____. A. stimulus below the objective threshold B. subliminal message C. stimulus above the subjective threshold D. previous stimulus D. previous stimulus Q: Scientists have discovered correlations between activity in parts of the human brain and specific components of long-term memory through the observation of ____. A. patients with brain damage and brain-imaging studies in healthy participants B. infants C. pigeons and rats, both of whom were born with only half of their cerebral cortex D. taxicab drivers in London, Chicago, and New York A. patients with brain damage and brain-imaging studies in healthy participants Q: Within the category of declarative memories, far more is known about _______ organization than other types of organization. A. episodic B. procedural C. explicit D. semantic D. semantic Q: A cue is ____. A. any stimulus that helps you access target information B. a memory aid that links new information to well-known information C. the transformation of information from one form to another D. the process of grouping similar or meaningful information together A. any stimulus that helps you access target information Q: A declarative memory that is accessed in a conscious, direct, and effortful manner is also called ____. A. an explicit memory B. a personal history memory C. an implicit memory D. a procedural memory A. an explicit memory Q: Professor Sevilla asks one of his graduate students, Leland, to finish his class lecture on memory. Leland begins by explaining that nondeclarative memories (1) are unconsciously and effortlessly retrieved memories; (2) are easy to verbalize; (3) include memories for classical conditioning, procedural learning, and priming; and (4) are also known as implicit memories. Which part of his definition is inaccurate? A. Nondeclarative memories are unconsciously and effortlessly retrieved. B. Nondeclarative memories include memories for classical conditioning, procedural learning, and priming. C. Nondeclarative memories are easy to verbalize. D. Nondeclarative memories are also known as implicit memories. C. Nondeclarative memories are easy to verbalize. Q: Alex is starting his day. Which of the following represents a procedural memory? A. He reminds himself to pack a lunch for work. B. He brushes his teeth. C. He forgets his keys. D. He grimaces at the sound of the alarm clock. B. He brushes his teeth. Q: The hippocampus ____. A. serves as a storage location for long-term memories B. participates in the consolidation of information into long-term memory C. is unrelated to the formation of spatial memories D. plays a role in procedural memory B. participates in the consolidation of information into long-term memory Q: What theory views the mind as an interconnected network made up of simpler units? A. Constructivist theory B. Connectionist theory C. Correlational theory D. Computational theory B. Connectionist theory Q: Recognition tasks are easier than recall tasks because ____. A. they provide fewer cues B. they are based on personal experience C. they provide more cues D. they provide widely accepted cues C. they provide more cues Q: Marietta has memorized the capital cities of all 50 states. This is an example of ____ memory. A. episodic B. autobiographical C. procedural D. semantic D. semantic An implicit memory for how to carry out a motor skill or action is called ____. A. eidetic memory B. retrograde memory C. declarative memory D. procedural memory D. procedural memory Procedural memories are easy to describe in words. A. true B. false B. false Episodic memories are affected by damage to the ____. A. amygdala B. prefrontal cortex C. visual cortex D. basal ganglia B. prefrontal cortex The spreading activation model proposes that people organize general knowledge based on ____. A. existing cultural norms B. predetermined hierarchies C. semantic similarities D. their personal experiences D. their personal experiences Roger is preparing for his final exam in bioethics. In terms of memory retrieval, the most difficult type of exam question will most likely be ____. A. matching B. multiple choice C. essay D. true-false C. essay The reduction in the ability to retrieve rarely used information over time is called ____. A. decay B. forgetting C. interference D. motivated forgetting A. decay Mr. Langley's former high school Latin students are holding a 25-year reunion. He surprises them with a vocabulary game show quiz. His students most likely ____. A. have retained much of the vocabulary they knew in high school B. remembered about 35% of the vocabulary C. have forgotten much of what they knew due to the passage of time D. found that they could not remember a thing A. have retained much of the vocabulary they knew in high school Which of the following is the best description of interference? A. The reduction in the ability to retrieve rarely used information over time B. A failure to retrieve negative or traumatic memories C. Competition between newer and older information in memory D. A decrease in the ability to remember a previously formed memory C. Competition between newer and older information in memory Who was part of a team that demonstrated persistent changes in the strength of synapses responsible for several types of learning in sea slugs? A. Henry Molaison B. Frederic Bartlett C. Eric Kandel D. Elizabeth Loftus C. Eric Kandel Research has shown that _____ plays an important role in the consolidation of memories. A. lack of interference B. sleep C. age D. intelligence B. sleep Which of these statements about long term memory is NOT true? A. Older people are less able to add new information to their long-term memories than younger people are. B. Thinking about the meaning of a word helps you remember better than thinking about how a word looks visually (e.g., size, font). C. Telling someone else about an experience strengthens your ability to recall the experience later. D. There is no limit to how much long-term memory we have. A. Older people are less able to add new information to their long-term memories than younger people are. fMRIs have shown that prefrontal areas of the brain appear to actively ____ memories that are used less frequently. A. suppress B. encode C. adapt to D. retrieve A. suppress Kevin is legally required to send a quarterly check to his former wife, whom he divorced 20 years ago. It annoys him greatly, and he finds that he often forgets until several days after the due date. This is likely an example of ____. A. motivated forgetting B. retroactive interference C. repressed memory D. suppressed memory A. motivated forgetting The effect of our motivations on our retrieval of memories ____. A. is primarily one of mild distortion, like a ripple in a pond B. has not been substantiated by research studies C. can exist but is unlikely to affect current attitudes or actions D. can lead to distortion so that the original information is hardly recognizable D. can lead to distortion so that the original information is hardly recognizable Learning changes neural structure in that neurons have _____ axon terminals following sensitization. A. simpler B. charged C. habituated D. larger numbers of D. larger numbers of Most types of memories appear stronger after _____. A. eating B. hearing classical music C. sleep D. sex C. sleep Aaron is studying for his sensation and perception exam by explaining terms and concepts to his friend Catherine in his own words and providing self-referential examples. This is called ____. A. recitation B. mnemonics C. the method of loci D. distributive practice A. recitation A classic method of measuring the retention of material in long-term memory over time is to ____. A. test and retest regarding the same material at regular intervals B. conduct MRI scans of the brain at annual or biennial intervals C. compare the rate of learning material the first time to the rate of learning the same material a second time D. measure levels of cortisol, noradrenaline, and other hormones C. compare the rate of learning material the first time to the rate of learning the same material a second time _____ is a confusion between imagined and true memories. A. Confabulation B. Recitation C. Habituation D. Repression A. Confabulation _____ enhances communication between two neurons. A. Synchronous activation B. Biochemistry C. Long-term potentiation D. Short-term potentiation C. Long-term potentiation It is thought that sleep-related processing helps to reorganize existing memories to

Preview 3 out of 28 pages