PCB 3023C / PCB3023C Exam 2: (Latest Update 2026 / 2027) Cell Biology | Questions and Answers | Exam study material | FGCU PCB 3023 Exam 2026 / 2027 Academic Year

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PCB 3023C / PCB3023C Exam 2: (Latest Update 2026 / 2027) Cell Biology | Questions & Answers | Exam study material | 100% Correct - FGCU PCB 3023 Exam ... 2026 / 2027 Academic Year Q: Which of the following changes is least likely to arise from a point mutation in a regulatory region of a gene? A) A mutation that changes the time on an organism's life during which a protein is expressed B) A mutation that eliminates the production of a protein in a specific cell type C) A mutation that changes the subcellular localization of a protein D) A mutation that increases the level of protein production in a cell C) A mutation that changes the subcellular localization of a protein Q: Which one statement below is true? A. To develop a new function, evolution essentially builds from first principles, designing from scratch, to find the best possible solution. B. Nearly every instance of DNA duplication leads to a new functional gene. C. A pseudogene is very similar to a functional gene but cannot be expressed because of mutations. D. Most genes in vertebrates are unique, and only a few genes are members of multigene families. E. Horizontal transfer is very rare and thus has had little influence on the genomes of bacteria. C. A pseudogene is very similar to a functional gene but cannot be expressed because of mutations. Q: Which of the following is not a mechanism of genetic variation? A. purifying selection B. mutation within the regulatory DNA of a gene C. gene duplication and divergence D. exon shuffling E. mutation within the coding sequence of a gene A. purifying selection Q: What is the most general term for a change in a single nucleotide pair? A. point mutation B. frameshift mutation C. missense mutation D. nonsense mutation E. neutral mutation A. point mutation Q: Determine whether the following statement is true or false: In sexually reproducing organisms, only mutations that occur in the germ line are passed along to progeny. True Q: Which of these statements is consistent with the information presented in the figure? A. Mutation A is heritable to offspring because the mutation took place in the germ line. B. Mutation A is heritable to offspring because the mutation took place in a somatic cell. C. Mutation B is heritable to offspring because the mutation took place in the germ line. D. All of the above are correct. E. None of the above are correct. A. Mutation A is heritable to offspring because the mutation took place in the germ line. Q: It is thought that gene duplications are generated primarily by which process? A. sexual reproduction B. replication of chromosome ends C. DNA replication and repair D. homologous recombination E. transcription D. homologous recombination Q: In eukaryotes, what separate component generally encodes individual protein domains? A. genes B. introns C. codons D. mRNAs E. exons E. exons Q: Although vertebrate genomes all contain roughly the same number of genes, they vary greatly in size; for example, humans, mice, and dogs have genomes that are three times the size of the chicken genome. Which of the following could account for the increased size of mammalian genomes? A. chromosome breakage B. the movement of mobile genetic elements C. chromosomal translocations D. the accumulation of point mutations E. purifying selection B. the movement of mobile genetic elements Q: Determine whether the following statement is true or false: Once a gene has been duplicated, only one of the copies is free to accumulate mutations that might allow it to perform a slightly different function; the other will remain unchanged. False Q: In humans, the globin gene family evolved through which process? A. exon shuffling B. repeated rounds of duplication and mutation C. whole-genome duplication D. horizontal gene transfer B. repeated rounds of duplication and mutation Q: Determine whether the following statement is true or false: DNA duplication events always lead to the evolution of genes with new functions. False Q: Determine whether the following statement is true or false: Most genes in the genomes of vertebrates exist in multiple versions. True Q: The exons that encode protein domains can be moved without becoming damaged. Why is this? A. because exons are so similar in size B. because recombination enzymes recognize special sequences that mark the beginnings and ends of exons C. because recombination tends to occur in introns, not exons D. because the recombination process that moves exons is precise and carefully regulated E. because exons are so plentiful C. because recombination tends to occur in introns, not exons Q: Which of the following statements about exon shuffling is not true? A. Exon shuffling allows the generation of hybrid proteins with new functions. B. Exon shuffling allows bacteria to become antibiotic resistant. C. All human proteins are thought to have arisen from the duplication and shuffling of a few thousand exons. D. Exon shuffling requires the presence of introns. B. Exon shuffling allows bacteria to become antibiotic resistant. Q: Which is not true of mobile genetic elements? A. Mobile genetic elements can serve as targets of homologous recombination, resulting in DNA duplication and deletion. B. Mobile genetic elements can destroy a gene’s capacity to encode a useful protein but cannot alter a gene’s expression pattern. C. Mobile genetic elements can alter the course of an organism’s development and may have played a role in the evolution of the body plans of multicellular organisms. D. Mobile genetic elements can rearrange neighboring DNA sequences in the host genome, generating novel genes. E. Mobile genetic elements have shaped the evolution of modern genomes, including our own. B. Mobile genetic elements can destroy a gene’s capacity to encode a useful protein but cannot alter

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