NURS 5315/ NURS5315 Final Exam – Advanced Pathophysiology Review | UTA (Latest 2026/2027 Update)

Exam

NURS 5315/ NURS5315 Final Exam – Advanced Pathophysiology Review | UTA (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Verified Questions & Answers|100 out of 100 2026/20 ... 27 | GRADED A+ | 100% VERIFIED Question: What ABG value is consistent with a patient in respiratory distress breathing 33 breaths per minute? Answer PCO2 15, indicating hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis. Question: What is the likely cause of disorientation and lethargy in a patient with a sodium level of 115 mEq/L? Answer Water has shifted into the neurons, causing them to swell. Question: Which electrolyte imbalance should be monitored in a patient experiencing dehydration? Answer Hyperkalemia, due to increased serum osmolality pulling potassium into the intravascular space. Question: What is the chance that a baby will inherit an autosomal recessive disease if one parent has the disease and the other is heterozygous? Answer 25% chance of having the disease. Question: How many pairs of chromosomes are present in each human cell? Answer 23 pairs, totaling 46 chromosomes. Question: What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes known as? Answer Autosomes. Question: What genetic information does the 23rd pair of chromosomes determine? Answer The genetic information for gender. Question: What chromosome pair do females have? Answer Two X chromosomes (XX). Question: What chromosome pair do males have? Answer One X and one Y chromosome (XY). Question: What process separates chromosomes into two identical sets during cell division? Answer Mitosis or meiosis. Question: What is the significance of chromosomes during cell division? Answer They transfer genetic information to daughter cells. Question: What happens to neurons during hypernatremia? Answer Water shifts out of the cell into the intravascular space, causing dehydration of the neurons. Question: What is the pH value indicative of respiratory alkalosis? Answer A pH greater than 7.45. Question: What is the expected effect of hyperventilation on CO2 levels? Answer It results in low PCO2 levels. Question: What is the relationship between serum osmolality and potassium during dehydration? Answer Increased serum osmolality causes potassium to shift into the intravascular space. Question: What is the definition of hyperpolarization in relation to action potentials? Answer It is when the action potential becomes more negative, making it less likely to fire. Question: What does hypopolarization refer to in the context of action potentials? Answer It is when the action potential becomes less negative, making it more likely to fire. Question: What is the clinical significance of a sodium level of 115 mEq/L? Answer It indicates severe hyponatremia, leading to neurological symptoms. Question: What is the typical clinical presentation of a patient with hyperkalemia? Answer Symptoms may include muscle weakness, fatigue, and cardiac arrhythmias. Question: What is the primary cause of neurologic symptoms associated with sodium imbalances? Answer Fluid shifting into or out of the neurons. Question: What is the expected pH value for a patient experiencing respiratory acidosis? Answer A pH less than 7.35. Question: What is the role of chromosomes in genetic inheritance? Answer They carry genetic information that is passed from parents to offspring. Question: What is the effect of dehydration on serum sodium levels? Answer It typically causes an increase in serum sodium levels. Question: What is the consequence of a chromosome abnormality during cell division? Answer It can lead to genetic disorders or diseases. Question: What does it mean for autosomal chromosomes to be autologous? Answer They do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender. Question: On which pairs of chromosomes are autosomal genetic diseases carried? Answer On the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. Question: Which pair of chromosomes carries sex-linked diseases? Answer The 23rd pair of chromosomes. Question: How are autosomal chromosomes described in relation to each other? Answer They are nearly identical and considered homologous. Question: What are alleles? Answer Identical genes carried by each autosomal chromosome in a pair that occupy the same site and code for the same genetic trait. Question: What are the two types of alleles? Answer Dominant and recessive. Question: When is a recessive allele expressed in the phenotype? Answer When both alleles are recessive. Question: How is a dominant allele represented in genetic notation? Answer With a capital letter. Question: How is a recessive allele represented in genetic notation?

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