Mental Health Exam 2 - Module 4
Module 4 Lesson Content; Book Ch 22-23; ATI Ch 17, 18
Delirium
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Major Neurocognitive
... [Show More] Disorder (aka dementia) - Cognitive disorders recognized and defined by the DSM-5 include
ATI Ch 17
- advanced age
- prior head trauma
- CVD
- lifestyle factors
- family history of AD - Risk factors for neurocognitive disorder and Alzheimer's disease
ATI Ch 17
- denial
- confabulation
- persevration - What are the 3 common defense mechanisms* used by individuals with cognitive changes?
*they use defense mechanisms to preserve self-esteem and to compensate when cognitive changes are progressive*
ATI Ch 17
autopsy
*testing is done to rule out other pathologies that could be mistaken for NCDs - When can a definitive diagnosis be made about NCDs?
delirium - _________ is a disturbance in attention and awareness and change in cognition that develops rapidly over a short period. It most commonly occurs in individuals with medical, surgical, or neurological conditions.
Mod 4 Lesson Content
delirium - _________ is the most frequent complication of hospitalization in older adults. It is associated with increased morbidity and can have lasting long-term results, such as permanent cognitive decline.
Mod 4 Lesson Content
Systematic infections
Febrile illness
Head trauma
Seizures
Migraine headaches
Stroke
Electrolyte imbalance
Post-operative status
Substance withdrawal
Certain medications
Substance intoxication - Examples of causes of delirium
Mod 4 Lesson Content
Disorganized thinking
Speech that is rambling, irrelevant, pressured, incoherent
Very distractible
Lack of focused attention
Disorientation
Impairment of recent memory
Misperceptions of the environment
- illusions
- hallucinations
State of awareness my range from hypervigilance to stupor.
Sleep may fluctuate between hypersomnolence and insomnia.
Psychomotor activity may fluctuate between agitated, purposeless movements to a state resembling catatonic stupor. - Symptoms of delirium
Mod 4 Lesson Content
physiological changes
- neuroleptic (Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease)
- metabolic (hepatic or renal failure, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, nutritional deficiencies)
- cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
- infections (HIV/AIDS)
- surgery
- substance use or withdrawal
- older age
- co-morbidities
- severity of disease
- polypharmacy
- ICU
- aphasia
- restraint use
- change in client environment - Risk factors of delirium
ATI Ch 17
Tachycardia
Sweating
Flushed face
Dilated pupils
Elevated blood pressure - Autonomic symptoms of delirium
*The onset of the symptoms is usually quite abrupt, and duration is typically brief (1 week - rarely one month)*
Mod 4 Lesson Content [Show Less]