Path 231 exams reviews
Exam 1
Question 1
2.5 / 2.5 pts
True/False:
Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
Correct!
True
False
Question 2
0
... [Show More] / 2.5 pts
True/False:
Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia.
You Answered
True
Correct Answer
False
Question 3
2.5 / 2.5 pts
True/False:
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a type of dysplasia.
Correct!
True
False
Question 4
0 / 2.5 pts
True/False:
Endometrial hyperplasia is a normal physiologic occurrence.
You Answered
True
Correct Answer
False
Question 5
10 / 10 pts
Match the following:
1. Proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease
a. Validity
2. How likely the same result will occur if repeated
b. Reliability
3. How a tool measures what it is intended to measure
c. Sensitivity
4. People without the disease who are negative on a given test
d. Specificity
Correct!
Proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease
c. Sensitivity
Correct!
How likely the same result will occur if repeated
Correct!
How a tool measures what it is intended to measure
Correct!
People without the disease who are negative on a given test
Question 6
1.25 / 2.5 pts
Multiple Choice
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.
Correct!
It is involved in cellular respiration
You Answered
They are found far from the site of energy consumption
Correct!
They play a role in apoptosis
They control free radicals
Question 7
1.25 / 2.5 pts
Which of the following are true regarding cell communication? Select all that apply.
b. Reliability
a. Validity
d. Specificity
You Answered
Paracrine signaling depends on hormones
Correct!
Neurotransmitters act through synapses
Enzyme linked receptors act through an on-off switch
Correct!
Autocrine signaling releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid that affects its own activity
Question 8
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Multiple Choice
Which of the following are false of the cell?
Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane.
Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell.
Correct!
The rough ER is the site for lipid synthesis.
Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures.
Question 9
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Which is true of the cytoskeleton? Select all that apply.
Correct!
It controls shape and movement
Correct!
Cilia and flagella are microtubule-filled cellular extensions
It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Question 10
1.88 / 2.5 pts
What factors are used by epidemiologic methods? Select all that apply.
Correct!
How disease is spread
Correct!
How to control disease
Correct!
How to prevent disease
Correct!
How to eliminate disease
You Answered
How to treat disease
All of the above
None of the above
Question 11
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Multiple Choice
A patient complains of a sore throat and headache. What are these examples of?
Signs
Correct!
Symptoms
Both A & B
Question 12
0 / 2.5 pts
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT helpful to the clinician to make a diagnosis?
You Answered
Detailed history
Physical exam
Correct Answer
Evidence based practice
Laboratory tests
Question 13
0 / 2.5 pts
Multiple Choice
Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following?
You Answered
Risk factors
Clinical manifestations
Pathogenesis
Correct Answer
Etiologic factors
Question 14
10 / 10 pts
Define primary prevention and give an example:
Your Answer:
when the risk factors has to be remove to stop the disease from occurring
example-eathing healthy / exercising to stay in shape or prevent heart disease.Giving vaccination
to pervent disease in children
The goal of primary prevention is to remove risk factors to prevent disease from occurring.
Examples include taking folic acid while pregnant to prevent neural tube defects,
vaccinating children to prevent communicable disease, eating healthy and exercising to
prevent heart disease, and wearing seatbelts or helmets.
Question 15
10 / 10 pts
Explain apoptosis and why it is necessary:
Your Answer:
apoptosis is the programmed of cell death.this process is necessary for cell dividing because it is
removing unwanted cells to make way for new cell.
Apoptosis is programmed cell death. This process eliminates cells that are worn out, have
been produced in excess, have developed improperly, or have genetic damage. Apoptosis is
also responsible for several normal physiologic processes, like replacing cell in the intestinal
villi and removing aging red blood cells.
Question 16
10 / 10 pts
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis.
Your Answer:
necrosis is when cell dies in an organ/tissues that is still alive .this process can interferes with the
tissue regeneration and how cell can be replace.
one type of necrosis is gengrenouse necrosis which can bowel or the lower extremities that may
causes changes in tussue and it functions
Necrosis refers to cell death in an organ or tissues that is still part of a living person. It
often interferes with cell replacement and tissue regeneration. Coagulative necrosis results
most often from a sudden cutoff of blood supply to an organ (ischemia), particularly the
heart and kidney. Liquefactive necrosis occurs when some of the cells die but their catalytic
enzymes are not destroyed. It is commonly seen with brain infarcts or abscesses. Caseous
necrosis occurs as part of granulomatous inflammation and is most often associated with
tuberculosis.
Gangrenous necrosis most often affects the lower extremities or bowel and is secondary to
vascular occlusion. The term gangrene is applied when a considerable mass of tissue
undergoes necrosis. In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin
wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow.
It results from a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In
wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and
under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by
bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Question 17
9 / 10 pts
Match the type of cell injury to the cause. Some answers may be used more than once. (1 point
each)
1. Sunburn a. Physical agents
2. Obesity b. Radiation injury
3. Reactive oxygen species c. Chemical injury
4. Low oxygen to tissues d. Biologic agents
5. Fractures e. Nutritional imbalances
6. OTC drugs f. Free radical injury
7. Hypothermia g. Hypoxic cell injury
8. Radiation treatment
9. Lead toxicity
10. Bacteria
Correct!
Sunburn
Correct!
Obesity
You Answered
Reactive oxygen species
Correct Answer
f. Free radical injury
Correct!
Low oxygen to tissues
Correct!
Fractures
Correct!
OTC drugs
Correct!
Hypothermia
Correct!
b. Radiation injury
e. Nutritional imbalances
c. Chemical injury
g. Hypoxic cell injury
a. Physical agents
c. Chemical injury
a. Physical agents [Show Less]