Chapter 1. Nursing Past &
Present
Chapter 1. Nursing Past & Present
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers
... [Show More] the question.
____ 1. What is the most influential factor that has shaped the nursing
profession?
1)
Physicians need for handmaidens
2)
Societal need for healthcare outside the home
3)
Military demand for nurses in the field
4)
Germ theory influence on sanitation
ANS: 3
Throughout the centuries, stability of the government has been related to the
success of the military to protect or extend its domain. As the survival and wellbeing of soldiers is critical, nurses provided healthcare to the sick and injured at
the battle site. The physicians handmaiden was/is a nursing stereotype rather
than an influence on nursing. Although there has been need for healthcare
outside the home throughout history, this has more influence on the
development of hospitals than on nursing; this need provided one more setting
for nursing work. Germ theory and sanitation helped to improve healthcare but
did not shape nursing.PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 910 KEY: Nursing process: N/A Client need: N/A |
Cognitive level: Recall
____ 2. Which of the following is an example of an illness prevention activity?
Select all that apply.
1)
Encouraging the use of a food diary
2)
Joining a cancer support group
3)
Administering immunization for HPV
4)
Teaching a diabetic patient about his diet
ANS: 3
Administering immunization for HPV is an example of illness prevention.
Although cancer is a disease, it is assumed that a person joining a support group
would already have the disease; therefore, this is not disease prevention but
treatment. Illness-prevention activities focus on avoiding a specific disease. A
food diary is a health-promotion activity. Teaching a diabetic patient about diet is
a treatment for diabetes; the patient already has diabetes, so it cannot prevent
diabetes.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 18; high-level question, not directly stated in text
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: HPM | Cognitive level: Application
____ 3. Which of the following contributions of Florence Nightingale had an
immediate impact on improving patients health?
1)
Providing a clean environment2)
Improving nursing education
3)
Changing the delivery of care in hospitals
4)
Establishing nursing as a distinct profession
ANS: 1
Improved sanitation (a clean environment) greatly and immediately reduced the
rate of infection and mortality in hospitals. The other responses are all activities
of Florence Nightingale that improved healthcare or nursing, but the impact is
long range, not immediate.
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: V1, p. 3; student must infer from content | V1, p. 10;
student must infer from content
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: SECE | Cognitive level: Application
____ 4. All of the following are aspects of the full-spectrum nursing role. Which
one is essential for the nurse to do in order to successfully carry out all the
others?
1)
Thinking and reasoning about the clients care
2)
Providing hands-on client care
3)
Carrying out physician orders
4)
Delegating to assistive personnelANS: 1
A substantial portion of the nursing role involves using clinical judgment, critical
thinking, and problem solving, which directly affect the care the client will
actually receive. Providing hands-on care is important; however, clinical
judgment, critical thinking, and problem solving are essential to do it
successfully. Carrying out physician orders is a small part of a nurses role; it, too,
requires nursing assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation. Many
simple nursing tasks are being delegated to nursing assistive personnel;
delegation requires careful analysis of patient status and the appropriateness of
support personnel to deliver care. Another way to analyze this question is that
none of the options of providing hands-on care, carrying out physician orders,
and delegating to assistive personnel is required for the nurse to think and
reason about a clients care; so the answer must be 1.
PTS:1DIFifficultREF: p. 11
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Analysis
____ 5. Which statement pertaining to Benners practice model for clinical
competence is true?
1)
Progression through the stages is constant, with most nurses reaching the
proficient stage.
2)
Progression through the stages involves continual development of thinking and
technical skills.
3)
The nurse must have experience in many areas before being considered an
expert.
4)The nurses progress through the stages is determined by years of experience
and skills.
ANS: 2
Movement through the stages is not constant. Benners model is based on
integration of knowledge, technical skill, and intuition in the development of
clinical wisdom. The model does not mention experience in many areas. The
model does not mention years of experience.
PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 15
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Recall
____ 6. Which of the following best explains why it is difficult for the profession to
develop a definition of nursing?
1)
There are too many different and conflicting images of nurses.
2)
There are constant changes in healthcare and the activities of nurses.
3)
There is disagreement among the different nursing organizations.
4)
There are different education pathways and levels of practice.
ANS: 2
The conflicting images of nursing make it more important to develop a
definition; they may also make it more difficult, but not to the extent that
constant change does. Healthcare is constantly changing and with it come
changes in where, how, and what nursing care is delivered. Constant changes
make it difficult to develop a definition. Although different nursing organizations have different definitions, they are similar in most ways. The different education
pathways affect entry into practice, not the definition of nursing.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 11; How Is Nursing Defined?
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Analysis
____ 7. Nurses have the potential to be very influential in shaping healthcare
policy. Which of the following factors contributes most to nurses influence?
1)
Nurses are the largest health professional group.
2)
Nurses have a long history of serving the public.
3)
Nurses have achieved some independence from physicians in recent years.
4)
Political involvement has helped refute negative images portrayed in the media.
ANS: 1
Nurses are trusted professionals and the largest health professional group. As
such, they have political power to effect changes. If nursing were a small group,
there would be little potential for power in shaping policies, even if all the other
answers were true. Serving the public, while positive, does not necessarily help
nurses to be influential in establishing health policy. Independence from
physicians, although positive, does not necessarily make nurses influential in
establishing healthcare policy. Refuting negative media, although positive, does
not necessarily make nurses influential in establishing healthcare policy.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 21
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Analysis____ 8. Nursing was described as a distinct occupation in the sacred books of
which faith?
1)
Buddhism
2)
Christianity
3)
Hinduism
4)
Judaism
ANS: 3
The Vedas, the sacred books of the Hindu faith, described Indian healthcare
practices and were the earliest writings of a distinct nursing occupation.
PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 7
KEY: Nursing process: N/A | Client need: N/A | Cognitive level: Recall
____ 9. The American Red Cross was established by
1)
Louisa May Alcott
2)
Clara Barton
3)
Dorothea Dix
4) [Show Less]