Infants 0 to 1 years
Erickson Level and An Example:
Trust vs mistrust
Example: Unresponsive caregivers who do not meet their baby’s needs can cause
... [Show More] feelings of anxiety, fear, and mistrust; their baby may see the world as unpredictable.
Piaget Level and An Example:
Sensorimotor phase
Example: Baby starts with reflexive behaviors as a newborn and moves into imitative behaviors of their parents by later infancy
Vaccines: what are the vaccines this age group receives?
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP), poliovirus, Hib, hepatitis B, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), influenza, chickenpox, meningococcal vaccines
Birth Weight Doubles by 6 months
Birth Weight Triples by 12 months
Developmental Milestones:
Gross Fine Sensory Vocal Social/Cog
1 month
Flexed position, can turn head side to side when prone, lifts head momentarily, marked head lag, asymmetric tonic neck reflex when supine, limp at knees/hips when held in a standing position, rounded back when in sitting position, absence of head control Hands mostly closed, strong grasp reflex, hand clenches on contact with rattle Fixates on moving object in range of 45 degrees at a distance of 8-10 inches, visual acuity is 20/100, follows light to midline, quiets when hears a voice Cries to express displeasure, makes small throaty sounds, makes comfort sounds while feeding Sensorimotor phase- stage 1 (birth-1 month), use of reflexes, and stage 2 (1-4 months), watches parents’ faces intently as parents talk to infant
2 months
Less flexed position when prone, less head lag, can maintain head in same plane as rest of body when held in ventral suspension, when prone can life head 45 degrees, when in a sitting position head is held up but bends forward, asymmetric tonic neck reflex intermittently Hands often open, grasp reflex fading Binocular fixation and convergence to near objects begins, when supine follows a dangling toy from side to side beyond midline, visually searches to find sounds, turns head to side when sound is made at level of ear Vocalizes distinct from crying, crying becomes differentiated, coos, vocalizes to familiar voices Demonstrates social smile in response to stimuli
3 months
Able to hold head more erect when sitting, but still bobs forward, has only slight head lag, assumes symmetric body positioning, able to raise head and shoulders from prone position to a 45-90 degree angle- bears weight on forearms, able to bear slight weight on legs when held in a standing position, regards own hands Actively holds rattle but will not reach for it, grasp reflex absent, hands kept loosely open, clutches own hand, pulls at blankets/clothes Follows object to periphery (180 degrees), locates sound by turning head to the side and looking in same direction, begins to coordinate stimuli from various sense organs Squeals to show pleasure, coos, babbles, chuckles, vocalizes when smiling, talks when spoken to, less crying while awake Considerable interest in surroundings, ceases crying when parent enters the room, recognizes familiar faces and objects, shows awareness of strange situations [Show Less]