NR565 Week 5 Study Outline
Many questions are written to assess your clinical application of the material from the textbook, in real-world
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Chapter 24: Drugs used in treating infectious diseases (p. 692-760) SEE DRUG CHART BELOW
Know the following for each drug class (penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, macrolides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, lipoglycopeptides):
· · Spectrum of coverage for various organisms
· · Pharmacodynamics
· · Pharmacokinetics
· · Pharmacotherapeutics
· · Clinical indications & dosing
· · ADRs
· · Monitoring
· · Patient education
Antimicrobial resistance
Treatment of Group A and Group B beta streptococci
Cross sensitivity with cephalosporins
Category
Bacteriocidal or Bacteriostatic
What do they Treat?
(Indications)
Pharmacokinetics
Pregnancy Category? Safe in pediatrics?
Safe in Lactation?
Adverse Effects
Penicillins
(PCN and Amoxicillin)
Used in tx bact. URI, pharyngitis strep, otitis media, sinusitis, pna, STI, wound infx
Bacteriocidal; inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall
Pcn - Treat aerobic and gram positive. Red Book recommends penicillin for Group A beta streptococci & for Group B beta streptococci due to low resistance
Aminopcn – treat gram posivite anaerobes and gram negative (MSSA, strep, H.flu, E.coli, Klebsiella, Neisseria meningitides); amoxicillin, ampicillin; combined with betalactamase inhib
Pcnase-resistant – (pcnase staph, strep, MSSA); not effective against MRSA; cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
Antipseudomonal – gramneg bacilli (pseudo aeruginosa, enterbacter, morganella); piperacillin, ticarcillin
Absorption – from GI tract, depends on agent, ph of stomach/intestine, presence of food; high doses can cause GI upset/diarrhea
Distribution – varies in protein binding, well distributed, inflammation enhance distribution, crosses placenta/breast milk
Metabolism – minimal metab except for nafcillin/oxacillin
Excretion – primarily unchanged in urine, caution in renal insufficiency (increase half life)
- Catergory B
- Safe in lactation
- Safe in pediatrics
- Does not cross BBB unless inflammation
- Hypesensivity
- Superinfection
- GI disturubances
- Rash (maculopapular)
- Changes in renal function
- Candida infections
- Seizures/irritability
- Decreases oral contrapceptives effectiveness
- Interstitial nephritis [Show Less]