Why did the National Institute of Health and Human Development classify reading difficulties as
a major health concern? - The inability to read well is
... [Show More] associated with social ills such as dropping
out of school, delinquency, inadequate health care, unwanted pregnancy, and chronic
underemployment.
They cannot read prescription bottles, but can still open them, cant read road signs, and cant read
the instruction on anything.
Discuss the types of writing systems in the world. (Pictogram, logograph, syllabic symbols, and
alphabetic symbols). How do they differ? How are they the same? - Pictograms-directly
represent meaning, hieroglyphics.
Logographs-abstractly represent meaning, not sound, Chinese radicals.
Syllabic symbols-directly represent whole syllables, Cherokee.
Alphabetic symbols-represent consonants and vowels, or individual phonemes, Greek or
Russian.
What is morphophonemic language? Why is it more difficult to learn it? - Morphology is the
study of meaningful units in a language and how the units are combined in word formation.
Nat- is a root.
Nature is a noun; natural is an adjective; naturalist is a noun; naturally is an adverb.
This also means that it is a "deep" alphabetic writing system organized by both letter-sound
correspondences and morphology.
How do oral language and written language differ? - Speaking is natural, reading and writing are
not.
Spoken language is "hard-wired" inside the human brain.
Oral language is the foundational skill for later reading and writing.
Discuss the terms phoneme, morpheme, and grapheme giving examples of each..? - Phonemeunits of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another (p,b,d, and t in
English words pad, pat, bad, and bat.)
Morpheme-unit of language that cannot be further divided (in, come, -ing, forming incoming.)
Grapheme-a unit (as a letter or digraph) of a writing system.
What is the three cueing system? - Model that proposed that word recognition depended on three
systems of linguistic cues that reside in a text.
(1) a graphophonic (visual) system;
(2) a semantic (meaning) system; and
(3) a syntactic system that provides linguistic context to process words in sentences.
This model overemphasizes the usefulness of context and meaning in word recognition. It fosters
dependence on pictures, prereading rehearsal, and context to figure out words.
What are Chall's reading stages? Why is it an important item to consider? - The reading stages of
Chall are still useful in understanding how the challenges of learning and teaching reading
change over time. [Show Less]