Medical Model - correct answer disability as a problem of the person, directly caused by disease, trauma, or other health condition which therefore
... [Show More] requires sustained medical care provided in the form of individual treatment by professionals.
~ Management is aimed at a cure, or individual adjustment and behavioral change
~ medical care viewed as main issue
~ political response is to reform healthcare
Strengths: addresses biological sources of disabilities through cures or medical management
Weaknesses: treats disability as a problem or inherent characteristic of the indvidual, overlooks broader sociopolitical constraints imposed by unwelcoming or inaccessible environments
Social Model - correct answer views disability as a socially created problem, a matter of the full integration of individuals into society. Disability is a complex collection of conditions, many of which are created by the social environment.
~ social action
~ society needs to make environmental modifications
~ cultural and ideological
~ large-scale cultural change
~ equal access as a human rights issue
Strenghts: Focuses on disabling conditions in the environment and makes clear they are not solely a characteristic of individual's "broken" body. Encourages design to accommodate a wide range of human characteristics and abilities
Weaknesses: downplays the embodied aspects of disabilities too much, push for social justice puts activitists at odds with other political interests, antagonizes relationships, creates resolute political adversaries.
Economic Model - correct answer Defines disability by a person's inability to work. Assesses degree to which impairment affect's individual productivity and economic consequences for individual, employer, and state.
~ loss of earnings for/payment for assistance by individual
~ lower profit margins for employer
~ State welfare payments
Strengths: recognizes the affect of bodily limitations on a person's ability to work and for economic support and/or accommodation
Weaknesses: creates a legally-defined category of people who are "needy", stigmatizing for people with disabilities, if individual's do not meet legal threshold may not receive needed support
Functional Solutions Model - correct answer practical perspective that identifies limitations ("functional impairments") due to disability, intent to create and promote solutions to overcome limitations.
~ eliminate/reduce impact of functional limitations
~ deemphasizes sociopolitical aspects
~ prioritizes inventiveness and entrepreneurship
Strengths: results-oriented, seeks to provide solutions to real-world challenges, side steps convoluted sociopolitical implications of disability
Weaknesses: entrepreneurs often miss the mark, profit driven entrepreneurism may lead to innovations of more benefit to the entrepreneur than target population, deemphasis of socioeconomic issues may lead innovators to ignore most important aspects of the original problem
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model - correct answer refers to sense of deriving personal identity from membership within a group of like-minded individuals
Strengths: accepts disability completely, pride in being associated with others in a similar condition
Weaknesses: sense of belonging to one group may be counterbalanced by sense of exclusion by those who don't quite fit group's expectations
Charity Model - correct answer regards people with disabilities as unfortunate and in need of assistance from outside
~ benevolent contributors to a needy population
Strengths: can inspire people to contribute time and resources when genuinely needed
Weaknesses: can be condescending to people with disabilities, often focuses on short-term immediate needs at expense or more comprehensive, effective, long-term solutions
Color Blindness Demographics - correct answer ~ 8% of males
~ 0.4% of females
Blindness Demographics - correct answer ~ 0.5% of world population, 39 million people
~ 82% of people who are blind aged 50+
~ 90% of people who are blind live below poverty level
Low Vision Demographics - correct answer Corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or 20/60
~ 3.5% of world population, 246 million people
~ 90% of people with low vision live below poverty level
Hearing Loss Demographics - correct answer ~ 15% of adults have some degree of hearing loss
~ disabling hearing loss - age 45-54 - 2%
~ 55-64 - 8.5%
~ 65-74 - 25%
~ 75+ - 50%
Deafblindness Demographics - correct answer 35,000 to 50,000 in U.S. - 0.014%
Accessibility - correct answer The convergence between usability and universal design, with focus on users with disabilities.
~ Equally effective
~ Equally integrated
~ Substantially easy to use
How barrier-free a technology or service is for individuals with disabilities.
relates to the diverse needs and abilities of a diverse population of people with disabilities.
~ fully accessible
~ partially accessible
~ completely inaccessible
P.O.U.R. - correct answer 1. Perceivable
2. Operable
3. Understandable
4. Robust
Perceivable - correct answer ~ alt-text
~ alternatives for time-based media
~ multi-modal presentation of content (w/o loss of meaning)
~ make content easier to see & hear (separate background from foreground)
Operable - correct answer ~ all functionality available from keyboard
~ povide enough time to read and use content [Show Less]