HESI Anatomy and Physiology
1. Which of the following hormones decreases the concentration of blood glucose?
A. insulin
B. glucagon
C. growth hormone
... [Show More] D. glucocorticoids
2. Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?
A. hypothalamus
B. adrenal gland
C. testes
D. pancreas
3. How much of a female’s blood volume is composed of red blood cells? A. 10%
B. 25% C.
D. 70%
4. Which type of cholesterol is considered to be the best for health?
A. LDL B.
C. VLDL
D. VHDL
5. Where are the vocal cords located?
A. bronchi
B. trachea
C. larynx
D. epiglottis
6. Where does gas exchange occur in the human body?
A. alveoli
B. bronchi
C. larynx
D. pharynx
7. What mineral is responsible for muscle contractions?
A. Chloride
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
8. In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?
A. Thoracic cavity
B. Mediastinum
C. Abdominal cavity
D. Pelvic cavity
9. What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
A. Diaphragm
B. Mediastinum
C. Liver
D. Lungs
10. Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function?
A. Simple squamous epithelium—secretion or absorption
B. Stratified squamous epithelium—changes shape when stretched
C. Stratified squamous epithelium—diffusion
D. Simple columnar epithelium—secretion or absorption
11. A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on internal surface of stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Muscle
D. Cartilage
E. Nervous
12. Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following?
A. Osteoblasts
B. Neuroglia
C. Osteocytes
D. Arterioles
13. Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs?
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Nervous
D. Muscle
14. What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs?
A. Atom
B. Organelle
C. Cell
D. DNA
15. What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called?
A. External respiration
B. Internal respiration
C. Inhalation
D. Cellular respiration
16. In order for inhalation to occur, what must happen?
A. Contraction of the diaphragm, which decreases the volume of the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs
B. Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs
C. Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles contract, and the thorax decreases in size
D. Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles relax, and the thorax decreases in size
17. Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following?
A. It is carried in solution or bound to blood proteins.
B. It is carried on hemoglobin.
C. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells.
D. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within the plasma.
18. How does the trachea remain open like a hollow tube?
A. Air pressure inside keeps it open.
B. Supporting cartilaginous rings keep it open.
C. It is reinforced with bone that cannot collapse.
D. Special muscles are working to keep the trachea open.
19. The stomach muscle churns and mixes food, turning the mass into a soupy substance called which of the following?
A. Bolus
B. Bile
C. Chyme
D. Feces
20. Which type of cell division takes place in the gonads?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Binary fission
D. Asexual division
21. In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum?
A. Back of the hand
B. Heel of the foot
C. Abdomen
D. Over the shin
22. Which of the following proteins is produced by cartilage?
A. actin
B. estrogen
C. collagen
D. myosin
23. Which component of the nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate?
A. central nervous system
B. sympathetic nervous system
C. parasympathetic nervous system
D. distal nervous system
24. Which type of substance breaks down to form urea?
A. lipid
B. protein
C. carbohydrate
D. iron
25. What is the name for a joint that can only move in two directions?
A. hinge
B. insertion
C. ball and socket
D. flange
26. In which of the following muscle types are the filaments arranged in a disorderly manner?
A. cardiac
B. smooth
C. skeletal
D. rough
27. What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion?
A. Sebaceous glands
B. Eccrine glands
C. Apocrine glands
D. Endocrine glands
28. Skin aids in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body by participating in the production of which of the following?
A. Sebum
B. Keratin
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin D
29. Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select all that apply.)
A. Support the body
B. Hemopoiesis
C. Conduct impulses
D. Provide protection
30. The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the middle region of the humerus. What is he describing?
A. Epiphysis
B. Articular cartilage
C. Perichondrium
D. Diaphysis
31. You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needlelike structures. What is the tissue?
A. Spongy bone
B. Compact bone
C. Cartilage
D. Adipose tissue
32. The heart has an intrinsic beat that is initiated by which of the following?
A. Semilunar valve
B. Bicuspid valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Sinoatrial node
33. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction result from which of the following?
A. Contraction of smooth muscle in the arterial wall
B. Relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial wall
C. Relaxation and contraction of smooth muscle in the arterial wall
D. Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the venous wall
34. Which of the following is the blood vessel where exchanges take place between blood and the cells of the body?
A. Artery
B. Vein
C. Capillary
D. Arteriole
35. What is the function of aldosterone?
A. It converts proinsulin to insulin.
B. It conserves sodium in the body.
C. It protects against stress.
D. It affects heat production.
36. All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed where for decontamination?
A. Kidney
B. Pancreas
C. Spleen
D. Liver
37. Which of the following bones is the only moveable bone of the skull?
A. Maxilla
B. Zygomatic
C. Lacrimal
D. Mandible
38. Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid in the body?
A. Chloride
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
39. Why are skeletal muscles also called voluntary muscles?
A. They are under conscious control.
B. They are attached to the skeleton.
C. They use ATP to energize contraction.
D. They are striated in appearance.
40. All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following?
A. Neuroglia
B. Efferent pathways
C. Afferent pathways
D. Neurons
41. Motor or neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS.
A. Afferent
B. Efferent
C. Central
D. Peripheral
42. Jeffery has contracted bulbar poliomyelitis, and it has affected the medulla oblongata. The doctors warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. What functions of the medulla oblongata have warranted such a dire prognosis?
A. The medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration.
B. The medulla oblongata contains neural connections of the reticular-activating system.
C. The medulla oblongata contains the pineal gland, which controls the vital centers.
D. The medulla oblongata contains the corpora quadrigemina, which controls the neural transmission of impulses along the spinal cord.
43. What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called?
A. Hormones
B. Neurons
C. Glands
D. Second messengers
44. Which of the following are tropic hormones? (Select all that apply.)
A. Somatotropin
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
45. Which leukocytes are correctly matched with their function or description? (Select all that apply.)
A. Monocytes—become macrophages
B. Basophils—the most common type of WBC
C. Lymphocytes—important in immune response
D. Neutrophils—phagocytize microorganisms
46.
Which are the functional units of the kidney?
A. Ureters
B. Glomeruli
C. Nephrons
D. Renal capsules
47.
What are the two functions of the male and female sex organs?
A. Production of all cells and production of hormones
B. Production of interstitial cells and production of hormones
C. Production of gametes and production of hormones
D. Production of gametes and production of interstitial cells
48.
In men, spermatozoa develop within the of each testis.
A. Seminiferous tubules
B. Vas deferens
C. Ejaculatory ducts
D. Bulbourethral glands
49.
Testicular activity is under the control of which hormone(s)?
A. FSH
B. LH
C. GH
D. Both FSH and LH
50. Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy?
A. FSH
B. Estrogen
C. LH
D. Progesterone
51. During pregnancy, what organ produces the hormones that maintain the endometrium and prepare the breasts for milk production?
A. Placenta
B. Uterus
C. Cervix
D. Corpus luteum
52. What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airway?
A. trachea
B. esophagus
C. diaphragm
D. epiglottis
53. Which substance makes up the pads that provide support between the vertebrae?
A. bone
B. cartilage
C. tendon
D. fat
54. How many different types of tissue are there in the human body?
A. four
B. six
C. eight
D. ten
55.
What is the name of the outermost layer of skin?
A. dermis
B. epidermis
C. subcutaneous tissue
D. hypodermis
56.
Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breasts during lactation?
A. norepinephrine
B. antidiuretic hormone
C. prolactin
D. oxytocin
57.
Which of the following structures has the lowest blood pressure?
A. arteries
B. arteriole
C. venule
D. vein
58.
Which of the heart chambers is the most muscular?
A. left atrium
B. right atrium
C. left ventricle
D. right ventricle
59.
Which part of the brain interprets sensory information?
A. cerebrum
B. hindbrain
C. cerebellum
D. medulla oblongata
60. How much air does an adult inhale in an average breath?
A. 500 mL
B. 750 mL
C. 1000 mL
D. 1250 mL
61. Which type of cell secretes antibodies?
A. bacterial cell
B. viral cell
C. lymph cell
D. plasma cells
62. Which force motivates filtration in the kidneys?
A. osmosis
B. smooth muscle contraction
C. peristalsis
D. blood pressure
63. Which structure of the nervous system carries action potential in the direction of a synapse?
A. cell body
B. axon
C. neuron
D. myelin
64. Where is the parathyroid gland located?
A. neck
B. back
C. side
D. brain
65. What is the name of the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood?
A. osmosis
B. diffusion
C. dissipation
D. reverse osmosis [Show Less]