Exam 2 V2: NSG 4100/ NSG 4100 – Latest
2026/2027 Update – Advanced Medical-Surgical
Nursing | Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
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2026 / 2027 Academic Year
Q: What does the adrenal gland produce?
Answer
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Androgens
Q: Helps control the body’s use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates;suppresses
Answer
Aldosterone
inflammation; regulates blood pressure; increases bloodsugar; and can also decrease bone
formation
Answer
Cortisol
Q: Tells kidneys to absorb more sodium into the bloodstreamand release potassium into
the urine (regulates BP)
Q: Assist ovaries produce estrogen and testes produce testosterone
Answer
Androgen
Q: Hypo adrenal gland function
Answer
Hypoglycemia
Q: Salt - hyponatremic and a decrease in salt, causes a decrease in VOLUME and a
decrease in BLOOD PRESSURE causes what to happen to bloodpressure
Answer
HYPERKALEMIA
Sex - A decrease in sexual hormones can allow other hormones to bemore easily seen. Ex: a
female with low estrogen, may have moretestosterone apparent - thus the facial hair.
hyper adrenal gland
Sugar- hyperglycemic
Salt- hypernatremic and an increase in salt, causes anincrease in VOLUME and an increase
in BLOOD PRESSURE causes what to happen to blood pressure
Sex - A increase in sexual hormones may be seen
Q: What part of the adrenal gland controls adrenaline?
Answer
Medulla
Q: Condition characterized by the shortage (deficiency) or impairedfunction of a hormone
called aldosterone. The symptoms of thiscondition include low sodium (hyponatremia), too
muchpotassium (hyperkalemia), and a condition where the bodyproduces too much acid
(metabolic acidosis)
Answer
Hypoaldosteronism
Q: What is a manifestation of hypoaldosteronism?
Answer
Dark pigmentation in the mucosa and skin around joints due to high levels of ACTH that
binds to melano receptors
Q: S/S of hypoaldosteronism
Answer
HYPOGLYCEMIA
• HYPONATREMIA
• HYPOVOLEMIA
• HYPOTENSION
• HYPERKALEMIA
Q: How to diagnose Addisons disease
Answer
Early morning serum cortisol and plasma ACTH & abnormal labs (glucose, sodium,
potassium, WBC)
Q: CM of Addisons disease
Answer
Decreased sodium and blood glucose (Chronic: may leadto dehydration)
• Increased potassium
• Hypotension
Increased WBC
• Muscle weakness and fatigue
• Anorexia
• Dark pigmentation: mucous membranes and skin(especially knuckles, knees, elbows)
• Apathy: lack of interest
Q: Treatment for Addisons disease
Corticosteroids:
Answer - Infection control - Hyperglycemia - Hypertension - Taper when weaning off. DO not suddenly stop - Moon face, weight gain
dose adjustment during times of stress
Q: s/s of addisonian crisis
Answer
Hypotension
Cyanosis
N/V
Shock (low volume)
Restlessness
confusion
Q: Causes of Addisonian Crisis
Slight overexertion
Answer
, cold exposure
, acute infection
, decrease in salt,
emotional stress = lead to circulatory collapse,
shock (low volume)
death
Q: Nursing interventions for addisonian crisis
Answer
Restore blood circulation
IV glucose, Na, and glucose
IV corticosteroids
Vasopressor
Antibiotics
Monitor for hyperkalemia
Q: Hyperaldosteronism
Answer
Aldosterone is a minero-corticoid produced in the adrenal cortex.Aldosterone controls
sodium and therefore controls water.
Q: Overnight low-dose dexamethasone suppressiontests
Answer
oral dexamthasone given late evening, plasmacortisol in morning. Should see decrease in
cortisolbecause ACTH is reduced(neg feedback). If Cortisolstill high= Cushing syndrome
Q: CM of hyperaldosteronism
Answer
• Increase Na, Increase glucose
• Decrease K
• Hypertension
• Round moon face, red face
• Buffalo hump, Truncal obesity(not ascites), but generalfluid retention
• Striae, petechiae, ecchymosis, acne, thin skin (skinbreakdown)
• Decreased immune fx
• Menstrual irregularities, facial hair (women)
• Personality changes
• Osteoporosis
Q: Nursing intervention for hyperaldosteronism
Answer
• Decrease risk of injury
• Decrease risk of infection* - good hand washing
• Prepare the patient for surgery (possible tumor removal)
• Rest and decreased activity
• Monitor weight d/t fluid retention
• Promote skin integrity *
• Monitor electrolytes (Na, K)
• Promote positive body image
• Diet low in CHO
Q: What is needed if your are getting a adrenalectomy
Answer
cortisone therapy
Q: (pituitary tumor) surgeon usually placesthe endoscope through the nose (may be
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