Exam 1: NSG 316/ NSG316 (New 2024/ 2025 Update) Health Assessment | Review with Qs and As | 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers)- GCU
... [Show More] QUESTION
Why do polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia happen as a result of hyperglycemia?
Answer:
Polydipsia happens because the body is essentially trying to dilute the blood because there is too much dissolved solute (glucose), polyuria happen as a result of the increased fluid intake and as a result of the body trying to rid itself of the excess solute, and polyphagia happens because the body can't convert the glucose into usable energy and therefore thinks it doesn't have enough glucose available so it tries to get more by increasing hunger.
QUESTION
Why do Kussmaul respirations occur in diabetics?
Answer:
The body is attempting to decrease the acidity in the body by getting rid of CO2. The breath will smell fruity.
QUESTION
True or false: The biggest risk factor for Type 1 Diabetes is lifestyle
Answer:
False, the biggest risk factor is family history
- Other risk factors include environmental factors, immunological factors, and it may be brought on due to an infection (bacterial or viral) that lead to the pancreas being attacked
QUESTION
True or false: Type 1 diabetes will need exogenous insulin to have normal functioning
Answer:
True
QUESTION
Are islet cell antibodies present in Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes or both?
Answer:
Type 1
QUESTION
What are the different types of Rapid-acting insulins? Onset, peak, and duration?
Answer:
Insulin Lispro
- Onset: 10-15 mins
- Peak: 1 hour
- Duration: 2-4 hrs
Insulin Aspart
- Onset: 5-15 mins
- Peak: 40-50 mins
- Duration: 2-4 hrs
Insulin Glulisine
- Onset: 5-15 mins
- Peak: 30-60 mins
- Duration: 2 hrs
*Other info* - administer before meals to control postprandial rise in blood glucose.
- can be administer in conjunction with intermediate or long acting insulin
QUESTION
What is the Short-acting insulin? Onset, peak, and duration?
Answer:
Regular insulin
Onset: 30-60 mins
Peak: 2-3 hrs
Duration: 4-6 hrs
*Other info* - should be administered 20 to 30 minutes before meals to control postprandial hyperglycemia
- when mixing with other insulin, you must draw this up FIRST ("clear before cloudy")
QUESTION
What is the Intermediate-acting insulin? Onset, peak, and duration?
Answer:
NPH Insulin
Onset: 2-4 hrs
Peak: 4-12 hrs
Duration: 16-20 hrs
*Other info* - NOT administered before meals to control postprandial rise in blood glucose, instead administered for glycemic control between meals and at night
- delivered subcutaneous only
- only insulin to be administered with short-acting insulin
- contains protamine (a protein), which causes a delay in the insulin absorption, and extends the duration of action of the insulin
QUESTION
What are the different types of Long-acting insulins? Onset, peak, and duration?
Answer:
Insulin Glargine
- Onset: 1 hour
- Peak: no peak
- Duration: no more than 24 hrs
Insulin Detemir
- Onset: 6 hours
- Peak: no peak
- Duration: 24-36 hrs
*Other info* - administer once daily anytime during the day, but always at the SAME TIME each day
- Glargine forms, microprecipitates that dissolve slowly over 24 hours with no peaks or troughs
- Detemir has an added fatty acid chain that delays absorption. It does not have a peak and duration is dose dependent (12-24 hrs)
- both are only to be administered subcutaneously, NEVER IV
QUESTION
What are some signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia versus hyperglycemia?
Answer:
HYPOglycemia:
- reduced cognition
- tremors
- diaphoresis [Show Less]
