Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Published by the American Psychiatric Association
Give the complete name of the DSM. Who
... [Show More] Publishes it?
More reliable diagnoses of these disorders.
What was the DSM designed to facilitate?
As a practical, functional, and flexible guide and as a tool for clinicians
List three ways the DSM is intended to serve
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and World Health Organization (WHO)
What do the acronyms ICD and WHO stand for?
(1)Section III: New disorders and features, (2) Online enhancements, (3) Restructuring of substance use disorders for consistency and clarity, (4)Enhanced specificity for major and mild neurocognitive disorders, (5)Streamlined classification of bipolar and depressive disorders.
List five of the enhancements incorporated into the DSM-5
Reliable diagnosis are essential for (1) guiding treatment recommendations, (2) identifying prevalence rates for mental health service planning, (3) identifying patient groups for clinical and basic research, and (4) documenting important public health information such as morbidity and mortality rates.
Why are reliable diagnoses essential? List four reasons cited in the DSM-5
(1) Proposals for Revisions, (2) DSM 5 field Trials, (3) Public and Professional Review, (4) Expert Review.
List the four stages of the DSM-5 revision process
(1) DSM-5 is primarily intended to be a manual to be used by clinicians, and revisions must be feasible for routine clinical practice. (2) Recommendations for revisions should be guided by research evidence. (3) Where possible, continuity should be maintained with previous editions of DSM. (4) No a priori constraints should be placed on the degree of change between DSM-IV and DSM-V
What four principals guided draft revisions?
(1) The existence of two major classifications of mental disorders hinders the collection and use of national health statistics, the design of clinical trails aimed at developing new treatments, and the consideration of global applicability of the results by international regulatory agencies. (2) More broadly, the existence of two classifications complicates attempts to replicate scientific results across national boundaries. (3) Even when the intention was to identify identical patient populations, DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnoses did not always agree.
Briefly summarize the three reasons why harmonization with the IDC-11 was thought to be important.
The historical aspiration of achieving diagnostic homogeneity by progressive sub-typing within disorder categories no longer is sensible; like most common human ills, mental disorders are heterogeneous at many levels, ranging from genetic risk factors to symptoms.
What realities are described as resulting from the narrowing of diagnostic categories in the attempt to identifying homogeneous patient populations for research and treatment?
It begins with diagnoses thought to reflect developmental processes that manifest early in life, followed by diagnoses that more commonly manifest in adolescence and young adulthood, and ends with diagnoses relevant to adulthood and later life - AKA Chronological Order
How does DSM-5 incorporate developmental and lifespan issues into its overall organization?
(1) Cultural syndrome is a cluster or group of co-occurring, relatively invariant symptoms found in a specific cultural group, community, or context. (2) Cultural idiom of distress is a linguistic term, phrase, or way of talking about suffering among individuals of a cultural group referring to shared concepts of pathology and ways of expressing, communicating, or naming essential features of distress. (3) Cultural explanation or perceived cause is a label, attribution, or feature of an explanatory model that provides a culturally conceived etiology or cause for symptoms, illness distress.
List the three concepts offering greater clinical Utility that replaced the culture bound syndrome in the DSM-5.
Other Specified Disorder: Is provided to allow the clinician to communicate the specific disorder category is provided to allow the clinician to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the criteria for any specific category with in a diagnostic class.
Unspecified Disorder: If the specific criteria are not met for a specific disorder then "Unspecified Disorder" would be diagnosed.
What two phrases have replaced NOS diagnoses in the DSM-5? Briefly describe each of these.
Axis 3 has been combined with Axis 1 and 2. Axis 4 was not used as frequently as intended. Axis 5 It was dropped because of its conceptual lack of clarity. We write Axis 3 as mental disorders, Axis 4 we use ICD-10 codes but still write stressors. Axis 5 WHODAS.
What happened to Axes 3,4 and 5 in the DSM-5? How is this information to be coded or conveyed when using the DSM-5?
2 Things it is: Is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance and dysfunction. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupation or other important activities.
2 Things it isn't: An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss such a the death of a loved one is not a mental disorder. Neither are conflicts that are primarily between the individual and society.
Provide the definition of a mental disorder given in the DSM-5.
Is it causing the person distress?
What general diagnostic criterion continues to be used in the DSM-5 to establish disorder threshhold?
Subtypes: Define mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive phenomenological subgroupings within a diagnosis and are indicated by the instruction "Specify When" in the criteria set.
Specifiers: are indicated by the instruction "Specify" or "Specify If" in the criteria set. Specifiers provide an opportunity to define a more homogeneous subgrouping of individuals with the disorder who share certain features
What are sub types and specifiers as the terms are used in DSM-5? [Show Less]